Glass rod
A glass rod, stirring rod or stir rod is a piece of laboratory equipment used to mix chemicals and liquids for laboratory purposes. They are usually made of solid glass, about the thickness and slightly longer than a drinking straw, with rounded ends.
Structure
Stir rods are generally made of borosilicate (commonly known as Pyrex) or polypropylene. They are usually between 10 and 40 centimeters in length, about half a centimeter thick, and have rounded ends. They are created from a single length of thin glass that is then cut into smaller segments. These small segments are then flame polished, which produces the characteristic round ends. While remarkably sturdy due to their construction, they can break and care should be taken when putting them under stress.
Uses
A stirring rod is used for mixing liquid. Chemical reactions often require agitation to proceed, and the stir rod serves as a way for a scientist to provide controlled agitation without interacting with the chemicals directly.
Stir rods are used as part of proper laboratory technique when decanting supernatants because the contact helps to negate the adhesion between the side of the glassware and the supernatnant that is responsible for the liquid running down the side. Using a stir rod also grants more control over the rate of flow, which is important in cases where chemicals may react violently. This process is also used to pour a large-mouthed flask or beaker into a test tube.[1]
Glass rods can also be used to induce crystallization in a recrystallization procedure, when they are used to scratch the inside surface of a test tube or beaker.
They can also break up an emulsion during an extraction.[2]
It is recommended that the rod be cleaned after each use to avoid contamination. Glass rods can normally be cleaned simply by placing them in a beaker of clean water and stirring. [3]
Applications in physics
These are two classic experiments performed using glass rods.
Vanishing rods experiment
This experiment introduces students to the concept of an index of refraction in a liquid. Glass rods are placed in beakers of liquid, in this case oil and water. In water, the glass rods are visible because the refractive index of water is different for water and glass. In the oil, however, the glass rods seem to disappear because they have a refractive index very similar to that of glass, so the light doesn't bend as it crosses the glass/oil interface. [4]
Electrification
Glass rods can also be used to demonstrate electrification by friction. This occurs when there are two surfaces rubbing together. In this instance, rubbing a glass rod with silk transfers negative charge from it. This effect is known as the triboelectric effect and can be performed with a variety of materials.[5] Because glass rods and silk are relatively common, they are often chosen to demonstrate this effect.
See also
References
- ↑ ""Laboratory Techniques"" (PDF). Retrieved 2016-02-28.
- ↑ "Stir Rods". orgchem.colorado.edu. Retrieved 2015-07-09.
- ↑ "Untitled". www.public.asu.edu. Retrieved 2015-07-10.
- ↑ "Vanishing Rods". littleshop. colostate. Oct 6, 1997. Retrieved 2016-02-28.
- ↑ "PhysicsLAB: Electrostatics Fundamentals". dev.physicslab.org. Retrieved 2016-02-28.