Superessive case

The superessive case (abbreviated SUPE) is a grammatical declension indicating location on top of, or on the surface of something.^[1] Its name comes from Latin supersum, superesse: to be over and above.

While most languages communicate this concept through the use of adpositions, there are some, such as Hungarian which make use of cases for this grammatical structure.

An example in Hungarian: a könyveken means "on the books", literally "the books-on".

In Finnish, superessive is a type of adverb.^[1] For example:

kaikkialla means "everywhere" (literally "everything-at")

täällä means "(at) here" (from tämä - "this", lit. "at this place")

In Lezgian, the superessive case is marked with suffixes: sew-re-l 'on the bear'.^[2]

References

1 2 Mäkinen, Panu. "Finnish Grammar - Adverbial Cases". users.jyu.fi. University of Jyväskylä. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
↑ p. 74. Haspelmath, Martin. 1993. A Grammar of Lezgian. Walter de Gruyter.

Grammatical cases

Cases

Morphosyntactic alignment	Absolutive Accusative Direct Ergative Intransitive Nominative Oblique Partitive Pegative

Location, time, direction	Ablative Addirective Adelative Adessive Allative Antessive Apudessive Approximative Delative Distantitive Distributive (–temporal) Egressive Elative Illative Inelative Inessive Initiative Intrative Lative Locative Medial Perlative Pertingent Postdirective Postelative Postessive Prolative Prosecutive Proximative Separative Subdirective Subelative Subessive Sublative Superdirective Superelative Superessive Superlative Temporal Terminative

Possession, companion, instrument	Abessive Associative Caritive Comitative Dative Genitive Instrumental (–comitative) Ornative Possessed Possessive Privative Sociative

State, manner	Adverbial Comparative Equative Essive (–formal, –modal) Exessive Formal Identical Instructive Modal Multiplicative Orientative Revertive Semblative Translative

Cause, purpose	Aversive Benefactive Causal (–final) Evitative Final

Other	Dubitive Postpositional Prepositional Vocative

Declensions

Czech Archaic Dutch English (Middle English, Old English) Finnish German (Old High German) Gothic Irish Latin Latvian Lithuanian Serbo-Croatian Slovak

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