Tendon cell

Tendon cell
Details
Identifiers
Latin	Tendinocytus
Code	TH H3.03.00.0.00024
*Anatomical terminology* [edit on Wikidata]

Vertebrates

Tendon cells, or tenocytes, are elongated fibroblast type cells. The cytoplasm is stretched between the collagen fibres of the tendon. They have a central cell nucleus with a prominent nucleolus. Tendon cells have a well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum and they are responsible for synthesis and turnover of tendon fibres and ground substance.

Invertebrates

Tendon cells form a connecting epithelial layer between the muscle and shell in molluscs. In gastropods, for example, the retractor muscles connect to the shell via tendon cells. Muscle cells are attached to the collagenous myo-tendon space via hemidesmosomes. The myo-tendon space is then attached to the base of the tendon cells via basal hemidesmosomes, while apical hemidesmosomes, which sit atop microvilli, attach the tendon cells to a thin layer of collagen. This is in turn attached to the shell via organic fibres which insert into the shell. Molluscan tendon cells appear columnar and contain a large basal cell nucleus. The cytoplasm is filled with granular endoplasmic reticulum and sparse golgi. Dense bundles of microfilaments run the length of the cell connecting the basal to the apical hemidesmosomes.

References

Krstić, R. V. (1984) Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Histology, Springer Verlag, Berlin
Tompa, A. S. & Watabe, N. (1976). "Ultrastructural investigation of the mechanism of muscle attachment to the gastropod shell.". Journal of Morphology. 149 (3): 339–351. doi:10.1002/jmor.1051490304. PMID 957445.

Connective tissue

Physiology

Composition

Cells

Resident	Fibroblast Fibrocyte Reticular cell Tendon cell Adipocyte Melanocyte

Wandering cells	Mast cell Macrophage

Extracellular
matrix

Ground substance	Tissue fluid

Fibers	Collagen fibers Reticular fibers: COL3A1 Elastic fibers: Elastin Fibrillin FBN1 FBN2 FBN3 EMILIN1 Elaunin

Classification

Proper

Loose	Reticular Adipose Brown White

Dense	Dense irregular connective tissue Submucosa Dermis Dense regular connective tissue Ligament Tendon Aponeurosis

Embryonic

Specialized

Cells in humans derived from mesoderm

Paraxial

Mesenchymal stem cell

Osteochondroprogenitor cell	Bone (Osteoblast → Osteocyte) Cartilage (Chondroblast → Chondrocyte)

Myofibroblast	Fat Lipoblast → Adipocyte Muscle Myoblast → Myocyte Myosatellite cell Tendon cell Cardiac muscle cell Other Fibroblast → Fibrocyte

Other

Digestive system
- Interstitial cell of Cajal

Intermediate

Renal stem cell

Angioblast → Endothelial cell Mesangial cell Intraglomerular Extraglomerular Juxtaglomerular cell Macula densa cell

Stromal cell → Interstitial cell → Telocytes

Simple epithelial cell → Podocyte Kidney proximal tubule brush border cell

Reproductive system

Lateral plate/
hemangioblast

Hematopoietic stem cell	Lymphoid Lymphoblast see lymphocytes Myeloid CFU-GEMM see myeloid cells

Circulatory system	Endothelial progenitor cell Endothelial colony forming cell Endothelial stem cell Angioblast/Mesoangioblast Pericyte Mural cell

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