Thai Airways

This article is about Thai Airways International. For the defunct domestic airline, see Thai Airways Company.
Thai Airways International
บริษัท การบินไทย จำกัด (มหาชน)
IATA ICAO Callsign
TG THA THAI
Founded 1 May 1960 (1960-05-01)
(merged with Thai Airways Company on 1 April 1988)
Hubs Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi
Focus cities
Frequent-flyer program Royal Orchid Plus
Airport lounge
  • Royal First Lounge
  • Royal Orchid Spa
  • Royal Silk Lounge
  • Royal Orchid Lounge
Alliance Star Alliance
Subsidiaries

Thai Smile [1][2]

Nok Air [3]
Fleet size 95 (including Thai Smile)
Destinations 81 (including Thai Smile)
Company slogan Smooth as Silk / I Fly THAI
Parent company Thai Ministry of Finance (51%) [4]
Headquarters 89 Thanon Vibhavadi Rangsit, Jom Phol Subdistrict, Khet Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand
Key people
  • Areepong Bhoocha-oom (Chairman)
  • Charamporn Jotikasthira (President)
Revenue Decrease THB 203.89 billion (2014)
Net income Increase THB 5.1 billion (Forth Quarter - 2015)
Total assets Increase THB 290.84 billion (2016)
Employees 25,323 (Dec 2014)[5]
Website www.thaiairways.com

Thai Airways International Public Company Limited, trading as THAI (SET: THAI, Thai: บริษัท การบินไทย จำกัด (มหาชน)) is the flag carrier airline of Thailand.[6][7] Formed in 1988, the airline has its corporate headquarters in Vibhavadi Rangsit Road, Chatuchak District, Bangkok,[8][9] and primarily operates out of Suvarnabhumi Airport. THAI is a founding member of the Star Alliance. The airline is the largest shareholder of the low-cost carrier Nok Air with a 39 percent stake,[10] and it launched a regional carrier under the name Thai Smile in the middle of 2012 using new Airbus A320 aircraft.[11]

From its hub at Suvarnabhumi Airport, THAI flies to 80 destinations in 37 countries, using a fleet of more than 90 aircraft. The airline was once the operator of two of the world's longest non-stop routes between Bangkok and Los Angeles and New York City, but due to high fuel prices, the withdrawal of aircraft, luggage weight limits and rising airfares, the airline abandoned all non-stop US services in 2012 indefinitely. As of 2013, services between Bangkok and Los Angeles were served via Incheon International Airport near Seoul, however, it ended its service to the US on 25 October 2015.[12] THAI's route network is dominated by flights to Europe, East Asia, and South/Southwest Asia, though the airline serves five cities in Oceania. THAI was the first Asia-Pacific airline to serve London Heathrow Airport. Among Asia-Pacific carriers, THAI has one of the largest passenger operations in Europe.

THAI is an official sponsor of Bangkok United, Reading F.C., and Red Bull Racing.

History

Sud Aviation Caravelle in Stockholm (1970)

Beginnings

THAI Airways has its origins in 1960 as a joint venture between Scandinavian Airlines (SAS), which held a 30 percent share of the new company valued at two million Thai baht, and Thailand's domestic carrier, Thai Airways Company (Thai: เดินอากาศไทย). The purpose of the joint venture was to create an international wing for the domestic carrier Thai Airways Company. SAS also provided operational, managerial, and marketing expertise, with training assistance aimed at building a fully independent national airline within the shortest possible time. Thai nationals, through training and experience, were gradually able to assume full managerial responsibility and the number of expatriate staff duly decreased, with expatriates accounting for less than one percent of staff based in Thailand in 1987.[13] The carrier's first revenue flight was on 1 May 1960. Flights were operated to nine overseas Asian destinations from Bangkok.

THAI Douglas DC-10, Frankfurt (1977)

The airline's first intercontinental services using Douglas DC-8s started in 1971 to Australia, and then to Europe the following year. A number of the larger Douglas DC-10 wide-body tri-jet was acquired in the later 1970s. Services to North America commenced in 1980.[13]

On 1 April 1977, after 17 years of capital participation by SAS, the Thai government bought out the remaining 15 percent of SAS-owned shares and THAI became an airline owned by the Thai government.[13] In 2016, the company is 51 percent owned by the Thai Ministry of Finance. Forty-seven percent of its shares trade on the Stock Exchange of Thailand.[14]

1980s and 1990s: merger with Thai Airways Company

On 1 April 1988, then-Prime Minister Gen. Prem Tinsulanonda, in seeking to have a single national carrier, merged the international and domestic operations of the two companies to form the present company, Thai Airways International.[13] On 25 June 1991, the new THAI listed its shares on the Stock Exchange of Thailand and offered them to the public. The THAI public offering of shares is the largest ever undertaken in the country.[13]

In 1997 Thai Airways planned a privatization program,[15] the first in Thai history.

On 14 May 1997, THAI, along with Lufthansa, Air Canada, SAS, and United Airlines, founded the world's first and largest airline alliance, Star Alliance.

THAI Airbus A300, Phuket Airport (2008)

2000s: Airline brand renewal and financial difficulties

Throughout the 2000s (decade), THAI aggressively continued its route network expansion with new services to Chengdu, Busan, Chennai, Xiamen, Milan, Moscow, Islamabad, Hyderabad, Johannesburg (later suspended) and Oslo.

Using the Airbus A340-500s it acquired in 2005, THAI commenced non-stop flights from Bangkok to New York, its first non-stop services to North America. The airline later converted existing one-stop services to Los Angeles into non-stop services using the same aircraft type. Citing very high fuel costs, THAI discontinued the New York service in July 2008, even though the airline had been able to fill 80 percent of the seats. The service to Los Angeles was again reverted to one-stop service via Seoul on 1 May 2012, leaving the airline without a non-stop service between Thailand and North America. The A340s used have been phased out using the Boeing 777-200ER for the Bangkok–Seoul–Los-Angeles route. Although the previous A340 used for non-stop services was not subject to ETOPS, the phasing in of the 777 with one-stop service (with the 330 minute rule) will be indefinite for years to come; the airline has no plans to pursue newer North America destinations (e.g., Houston, TX, USA) or purchase the Boeing 747-8 for trans-Pacific routes since Thai Airways is operating the Airbus A380.

In 2006, THAI moved its hub operations to the new Bangkok Suvarnabhumi Airport. Coinciding with the arrival of new aircraft during the mid-2000s, as well as its new hub airport in Bangkok, the airline launched a brand renewal by introducing a new aircraft livery, new aircraft seating, and revamped ground and air services.

The 2000s (decade) also saw THAI expanding its route network beyond its Bangkok hub. The airline launched non-stop flights from Phuket to Tokyo–Narita, Seoul–Incheon and Hong Kong.

During the late-2000s, THAI's aggressive growth was hampered by a combination of internal and external factors, including a spike in fuel prices, domestic political conflict in Thailand, and the global economic crisis of the late-2000s. In 2008, after achieving profitability for the previous 40 years, THAI recorded a loss for the first time in its history of around 21 billion baht (US$675 million). The airline cited high fuel costs and Thailand's political situation.[16] As of Q2 2009, after a series of restructuring initiatives, including a two-year deferral of its Airbus A380 deliveries, the carrier returned to a net profit of 2.5 billion baht.[17] It has since received its first A380s and commenced service to Hong Kong on 6 October 2012.

2010s: Fleet renewal and expansion

A Thai Airways Airbus A340-600 in the current livery at Zurich Airport (2009)
Boeing 747-400 departs London Heathrow Airport (2015)
An Airbus A380 at Frankfurt Airport (2013)

While celebrating its 50-year anniversary in 2010, THAI, spearheaded by Piyasvasti Amranand, its president and a former energy minister, charted new plans for the airline's future, including a significant aircraft fleet renewal and an upgrade of existing services. THAI has since placed orders for a number of aircraft, including the cost-efficient Boeing 787 and Airbus A350, and it has also launched a refurbishment of its Boeing 747 and 777 cabins. Mindful of rising fuel costs, the airline has now phased-out the most inefficient aircraft, including its Airbus A340-500s. The airline took delivery of its first Airbus A380 aircraft in the last half of 2012, intending to eventually deploy the aircraft on its core European routes.

THAI has also resumed its network expansion with the resumption of flights to Brussels, in addition to a new non-stop flight from Stockholm and Copenhagen to Phuket. At the same time, the Greek debt crisis caused THAI to suspend its services to Athens.

As part of THAI's broader growth strategy in the region, THAI launched a regional carrier with light-premium services, Thai Smile which operate narrow-bodied Airbus A320-200 on regional and domestic routes. The new airline initiated commercial operations in July 2012, after its first A320s were received.

THAI expects to be the first carrier in Asia to fly commercial flights using biofuels. The carrier launched the initiative with experimental flights in December 2011 as part of its Corporate Social Responsibility program, otherwise known as "Travel Green". THAI hopes to stimulate sustained biofuel production in Thailand by working with Thai government agencies and regional corporate partners, such as PTT Public Company Limited. The effort aims to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in regional air travel as well as position Thailand to be the "bio hub" of Asia.[18]

All Thai airlines are presently (April 2015) under safety review following a negative audit from the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). The general implications and possible effect on code share flights are reviewed by Watson, Farley and Williams.[19]

On 1 December 2015, the United States Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) announced their reassessment of the safety rating for Thailand, downgrading it from a Category 1 to Category 2 country. The FAA stated, "U.S. and Thai aviation officials have a long-standing cooperative relationship and both our countries work continuously to meet the challenge of ensuring aviation safety. A Category 2 International Aviation Safety Assessment (IASA) rating means that the country either lacks laws or regulations necessary to oversee air carriers in accordance with minimum international standards, or its civil aviation authority—a body equivalent to the FAA for aviation safety matters—is deficient in one or more areas, such as technical expertise, trained personnel, record-keeping, or inspection procedures. With a Category 2 rating, Thailand’s air carriers can continue existing routes to the United States but they won't be allowed to establish new routes to the United States."[20]

The European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) declined to blacklist any Thai carriers following a review of certain carriers in November 2015. THAI later received third country operator (TCO) certification from the EU, effective 15 December 2015, authorizing the carrier to continue flying to the EU for the foreseeable future.[21]

In July 2015, THAI entered a promotional deal with South Korean pop group Girls' Generation, including an appearance in the music video for their song "Party". Also in July 2015, THAI announced the planned cancellation of service to Los Angeles after 25 October 2015, marking the end of US service.

In June 2016, as a result of its reconstruction plan, THAI announced to commence three-weekly Tehran service and resume Moscow service from October and November 2016 respectively.[22] The airline also considered to return to the United States using Boeing 787-9 by 2017. However, Charamporn Jothikastira, THAI president, turned down the possibility of returning to Los Angeles due to massive loss in the past. Instead, THAI eyed other cities such as San Francisco, Seattle and Vancouver.[23][24] While Thai Smile, its subsidiary, is planning for new regional routes such as Cebu, Medan, Surabaya, Chandigarh, Shantou and Tianjin.[25]

In August 2016, THAI introduced new route network management system. Following the system, many flight schedules were changed to match each other, allowing intercontinental passengers to transit via Bangkok more conveniently. THAI planned preliminary to adjust 13 routes schedules mainly in Japan, Australia and India.[26] The routes that have been announced are Perth and Brisbane.[27]

On 23 September 2016, Thai Smile,THAI's subsidiary has announced 4 new services to Gaya, Varanasi, Jaipur and Lucknow in India marking the expansion of THAI's network in regional market.[28]

Destinations

THAI service desks at Suvarnabhumi Airport

Codeshare agreements

Thai Airways International Boeing 777-300 (2012)

Thai Airways codeshares with the following airlines:[29]

Alliance

Thai Airways is one of the founders and members of Star Alliance.

Corporate image

Cabin crew

Thai Airways corporate headquarters

THAI is one of the few airlines with an in-flight uniform change policy. Female flight attendants on international routes are required to change from their corporate purple suits (for use outside the cabin) into traditional Thai dresses (as seen on the company's marketing campaigns) prior to the general boarding of passengers. They are also required to change back into the former prior to disembarkation. Consequently, traditional Thai dresses are only visible to the traveling public on-board THAI aircraft or in THAI's premium lounges in Bangkok. Cabin crew of nationalities other than Thai are not allowed to wear the traditional Thai attire. Male flight attendants also have on-board suit jackets that differ from those worn on the ground.

Management issues

Political interference, corruption and abuse of authority have been persistent issues in THAI's management.[30] Speaking at the World Economic Forum on East Asia, former president Piyasvasti Amranand, who had been abruptly dismissed in May 2012, cited THAI's procurement of A340-500s (three of which had since been grounded) as examples of mismanagement influenced by corruption and political meddling, resulting in operational losses.[31]

The key trends for Thai Airways over recent years are shown below (figures by calendar year):

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Turnover (THB m) 202,606 163,875 184,270 194,342 216,743 207,711 203,889
Net Profit / Loss (THB m) −21,379 7,344 14,744 −10,197 6,229 −12,047 −15,612
Employees 25,884 25,848 25,412 25,323 24,952
Passengers (m) 18.7 18.5 18.2 18.4 20.6 21.5 19.1
- passenger change year-on-year Decrease1.2% Decrease1.7% Increase1.3% Increase12.1% Increase4.3% Decrease11.2%
Passenger load factor (%) 68.2 65.8 73.6 70.4 76.6 74.1 68.9
Aircraft (at year end) 89 91 90 89 95 100 102
Notes/sources [32] [32] [33] [33] [34] [6][34] [6][34]

Financial position

At the commencement of 2014, THAI was subject to a rumor that the company would declare bankruptcy in May 2014.[35] Listed on the Thai stock exchange, the company is a state enterprise in which the finance ministry holds a stake of up to 51 percent. In a statement to the media, Chokchai Panyayong, the airways' senior executive vice-president and acting president, stated: "THAI has never once defaulted. Despite its loss in the third quarter of last year, the company still has high liquidity and has a clear plan for debt repayment."[35] He further explained that the carrier's loss of 6.35 billion baht in the third quarter of last year was the result of the company's unsuccessful plan to attract more customers.[35] THAI's financial loss for 2014 was reported to be at 15.6 billion baht (US$479 million), 3.6 billion baht higher than the previous year.[6][36] THAI blamed declining tourist arrivals from North Asia owing to political unrest in Thailand during the year, but capacity figures from Flightglobal's Innovata Network Data service suggest that Europe was probably an even bigger drain on the bottom line during the year.[37]

Lower fuel prices and a stronger Thai baht allowed THAI to report a profit of 4.54 billion baht (US$134 million) in the first quarter of 2015.[7] The latest half-year results for 2015 have shown some improvement, but the airline is still in the red with 2015 losses projected to be 297 million baht, compared to 2014's massive loss of 10.9 billion baht.[38]

Fleet

As of October 12, 2016, the mainline Thai Airways fleet consists of the following aircraft:[39]

Aircraft Current Fleet Orders Passengers Notes
F C Y Total
Airbus A330-300 17 — — 36 263 299 The two older 305-seaters are used only in domestic routes between Bangkok to Chiang Mai

and Bangkok to Phuket.

42 305
Airbus A350-900 2 10 — 32 289 321[40] 13 additional options and a further 10 purchase rights.
Four are being purchased directly from Airbus
While the other eight aircraft being acquired under lease agreements from CIT Group.[41]
Airbus A380-800 6 — 12 60 435 507
Boeing 737-400 2 — — 12 137 149
Boeing 747-400 10 — 10 40 325 375 To be phased out and replaced by 2020.[42]
9 374
Boeing 777-200 6 — — 30 279 309 To be phased out by 2017 and replaced with Airbus A350-900.[42]
Boeing 777-200ER 6 — — 30 262 292
Boeing 777-300 6 — — 34 330 364
Boeing 777-300ER 14 — — 42 306 348 Six are being purchased directly from Boeing
While the other eight aircraft being acquired under lease agreements from BOC.
Boeing 787-8 6 — — 24 240 264 Leased from AerCap.
Boeing 787-9 — 2 TBA Leased from ILFC.[43] To be delivered in 2017.[44]
Total 75 12

Remarks

Fleet development plans

THAI's fleet development plans, as of December 2011,[45] for the period 2012-2022 is in three phases:

On 13 June 2011, THAI's Board of Directors announced it would purchase 15 aircraft and acquire the remaining 22 on operating leases. The purchased planes include 14 Boeing 777-300ERs, to be delivered in 2014 and 2015, four Airbus A350-900s (2016 and 2017). The leased planes include six 787-8s and two 787-9s from US lessor International Lease Finance (ILFC). The 8 series will be delivered in 2014 and 2015, while the 9 series will be delivered in 2017. In addition, THAI will lease six A350-900s from Aviation Lease and Finance, to be delivered in 2017, and two A350-900s from CIT Aerospace International, which will deliver the aircraft in 2016. The airline will also lease six A320-200s from RBS Aerospace International, to be delivered in 2012 and 2013. All the operating leases have terms of 12 years each.[46][47]

On 20 January 2016 Thai Airways International PCL announced plans to postpone taking delivery of 14 planes for three years to reduce operating costs as the national airline restructured. The 14 planes include 12 Airbus 350s, two of which were due to be delivered in 2016, and two Boeing 787s.[48]

On 12 February 2016 Thai Airways announced it will continue to ground 10 Airbus A340s it had not been able to sell because flying the four-engine planes is not cost-effective, even after fuel prices plunged more than 40 percent in the previous year. Besides trying to offload the planes, which were used previously for long-haul destinations such as Frankfurt, the money-losing airline has cut routes and sold assets to bolster its balance sheet and operations.[49]

Aircraft maintenance centers

THAI maintains three maintenance centers, at U-Tapao International Airport, Don Mueang International Airport, and Suvarnabhumi Airport. The centers service aircraft belonging to other airlines in addition to THAI aircraft.

THAI Technical

THAI Technical is certified internationally by the Federal Aviation Administration, the Joint Aviation Authorities,[50] the European Aviation Safety Agency Part-145 Maintenance Organisation,[51] and the Japan Civil Aviation Bureau for facilities at Don Mueang International Airport and Suvarnabhumi Airport.[52] It has also received its Requalifier Identification Certificate from the United States Department of Transportation[53] for its operations at U-Tapao International Airport and Suvarnabhumi Airport.[54]

It is certified domestically by the Department of Civil Aviation (Thailand) for all three of its facilities in Thailand.[54]

On 27 February 1998, the Department received its ISO 9002 certification from Bureau Veritas Quality International,[55] with ISO 14001 certification granted by the same agency on 16 March 2001.[55]

Hygiene

THAI initiated a program entitled "The Most Hygienic In-Cabin Environment Program" with an emphasis on air quality, surface cleanliness, and food safety. The program includes removal of all in-flight disposable materials after flights, sterilization and fumigation of all cabin equipment, and inspection of the air-circulation system. A special audit process is also carried out for the cleaning and sanitization of aircraft systems by a team of specialists. These measures are applied to the entire THAI fleet.[56]

THAI was the first airline to install hospital-grade air-filter True HEPA, capable of intercepting up to 99.99 percent of dust particles and microorganisms on every flight.[56] The World Health Organization awarded the airline a plaque for the implementation of its in-cabin management system in 2004. It was the first award of its kind to be presented to a private organization.[57][58]

Ground services

THAI Royal Silk or Royal Orchid lounges are available to THAI's premium passengers in various domestic and international destinations. Thai airways ranked first place in 2016 as the "World’s Best Airline Lounges Spa Facility" by Skytrax. THAI’s Royal Orchid Spa is located at Suvarnabhumi Airport, and was designed to serve Royal First Class and Royal Silk Class passengers with a full range of spa services at the airline's hub at Suvarnabhumi Airport Passengers traveling internationally from Bangkok in Royal Silk or Royal First classes are also entitled private security screening and passport control facilities, as well as free spa services at the Royal Orchid Spa, with different services available depending on the service class flown by the passenger. These services are not available to non-premium class passengers. THAI's first class ground services at Bangkok additionally provide private transportation services within the terminal to first class passengers.

On 30 September 2008, THAI's Ground services Department received a Certificate ISO 14001 from Bureau Veritas Certification[59]

Since 4 January 2011, THAI has been providing check-in services at the Bangkok City Air Terminal at Makkasan Station. Train services are provided by the Airport Rail Link (Bangkok).[60]

Cabin Services

Royal First Class (First Class)

THAI's Royal First Class seats, manufactured by B/E Aerospace, were introduced with the arrival of the Airbus A340-600, and are equipped with lumbar massage and 15 in (38 cm) AVOD touchscreens. These seats are also available on selected Boeing 747-400 aircraft. A new version of Royal First Class seating in a suite or enclosure configuration is available on THAI's Airbus A380 aircraft and select Boeing 747-400 aircraft after the 2012 refurbishment. Royal First Class passengers can pre-order from 22 available meals.

Royal Silk Class (Business Class)

THAI's Royal Silk Class seats have been installed on all THAI aircraft. The angled shell design seats have 150 to 160 cm (58 to 62 in) of pitch and a width of 51 to 55 cm (20 to 21.5 in). Seats have lumbar massage and are equipped with 25 to 38 cm (10 to 15 in) AVOD screens. Prior to refurbishment, older generation Royal Silk seats on some Boeing 747-400s were sold as premium economy class seats on routes to Scandinavian countries. A new set of Royal Silk seats are available on THAI's Airbus A380s, Boeing 777-300ERs, Boeing 787-8s, and Airbus A350-900s. The new seats allow for a fully horizontal recline at 180 degrees.

Economy Class

THAI's Economy Class offers between 81 and 86 cm (32 and 34 in) seat pitch depending on the aircraft type. Personal screens with AVOD are present on Airbus A380, selected Airbus A330, Airbus A350-900, Boeing 747-400, Boeing 777 (200, 200ER, 300 and 300ER), Boeing 787 aircraft.

Royal Orchid Plus

Royal Orchid Plus is THAI's frequent flyer program. It has a membership of over two million people.[61]

Earning miles

There are two types of miles which can be accrued with a Royal Orchid Plus account:

Eligible Qualifying Miles (EQM) are earned on:

Qualifying Miles (Q Miles) are the miles flown as well as the bonus miles earned from travel in particular classes of service on THAI and Star Alliance airlines. Royal Orchid Plus miles are earned based on the paid class of travel.

Partner Miles are earned from non-airline partners, such as hotels.

Status tiers

There are four tiers in the Royal Orchid Plus program

Accidents and incidents

Board of Directors

Former chairmen include Prajin Juntong,[73] who still remains as a board member, however, Mr Ampon Kittiampon,[73][74] is the chairman of the airline. Other members of the board include;

See also

References

  1. ↑ "THAI sister airline launch set for 2012". Bangkok Post. 20 August 2011. Retrieved 2012-07-12.
  2. ↑ "Fly Smart with THAI Smile". THAI Smile. Retrieved 2012-07-12.
  3. ↑ "NOK AIRLINES PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED; Major Shareholder". Stock Exchange of Thailand. Retrieved 2016-04-13.
  4. ↑ "Major Shareholders". Stock Exchange of Thailand. 10 January 2007. Retrieved 16 August 2007.
  5. ↑ http://www.staralliance.com/en/about/airlines/thai_airlines/
  6. 1 2 3 4 Kositchotethana, Boonsong (26 May 2015). "Carriers in Asia Pacific stuck in red". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
  7. 1 2 Yukako, Ono. "Flag carrier back in black helped by cheap oil, forex gain in Q1".
  8. ↑ "Details of Shareholders and Board of Directors" (PDF). Thai Airways International. Retrieved 4 March 2010.
  9. ↑ "Addresses and contact numbers". Thai Airways International. Retrieved 21 February 2009.
  10. ↑ "Shareholders". Nok Air. Retrieved 2012-07-12.
  11. ↑ "THAI realigns plan for a better year". The Nation. Retrieved 27 December 2011.
  12. ↑ "THAI Cancels Los Angeles / Rome Service from late-Oct 2015".
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 "THAI Company Information : History". Thaiairways.com. Retrieved 2010-09-13.
  14. ↑ Wong-Anan, Nopporn (2016-02-25). "Time for a more transparent THAI". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 25 February 2016.
  15. ↑ "Privatization Plans For Thai Airline, Oil Firm Stir Debate". Forbes. Retrieved 2015-10-28.
  16. ↑ ตลาดหลักทรัพย์แห่งประเทศไทย : ข้อมูลรายบริษัท/หลักทรัพย์ (in Thai). Set.or.th. Retrieved 2010-09-13.
  17. ↑ "The Stock Exchange of Thailand : Companies/Securities in Focus". Set.or.th. Retrieved 2010-09-13.
  18. ↑ "THAI Launches Biofuels Flight". eTravel Blackboard. Retrieved 2011-12-27.
  19. ↑ http://www.wfw.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/WFW-Aviation-ThailandPotentialICAODowngrade.pdf
  20. ↑ https://www.faa.gov/news/press_releases/news_story.cfm?newsId=19814
  21. ↑ http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/transport/800220/thai-airways-secures-11-european-destinations
  22. ↑ Mahitthirook, Amornrat (17 Jun 2016). "THAI returning to Tehran and Moscow". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 6 Aug 2016.
  23. ↑ Mahitthirook, Amornrat (25 Jul 2016). "THAI to relaunch direct flights to US". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 6 Aug 2016.
  24. ↑ Sritama, Suchat (26 Jul 2016). "Thai Airways plans to resume direct flights to US next year". The Nation. Retrieved 6 Aug 2016.
  25. ↑ http://www.thansettakij.com/2016/06/04/58284. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  26. ↑ http://thaipublica.org/2016/07/thai-airway-26-7-2559/. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  27. ↑ http://www.routesonline.com/news/38/airlineroute/268271/thai-nw16-australia-schedule-changes/. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  28. ↑ http://www.thairath.co.th/content/732974. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  29. ↑ "Profile on Thai Airways". CAPA. Centre for Aviation. Archived from the original on 2016-10-31. Retrieved 2016-10-31.
  30. ↑ Kositchotethana, Boonsong (22 July 2010). "Thai making progress in cleaning up own house". Bangkok Post.
  31. ↑ Nivatpumin, Chiratas (31 May 2012). "Corruption, red tape holding back growth". Bangkok Post.
  32. 1 2 "Thai Airways International Public Company Limited : Annual Report 2009" (PDF). Thai Airways International. Retrieved 16 Feb 2016.
  33. 1 2 "Thai Airways International Public Company Limited : Annual Report 2011" (PDF). Thai Airways International. Retrieved 17 May 2015.
  34. 1 2 3 "Thai Airways International Public Company Limited : Annual Report 2014". Thai Airways International. Retrieved 17 May 2015.
  35. 1 2 3 Amornrat Mahitthirook (8 Jan 2014). "THAI dismisses rumours of impending bankruptcy". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 9 Jan 2014.
  36. ↑ Nguyen, Anuchit (30 March 2015). "Thai Airways Sees 2015 Loss Before Returning to Profit on Revamp". Bloomberg. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
  37. ↑ Waldron, Greg (2015-05-13). "ANALYSIS: Thai's fighting retreat from Europe". Flightglobal. Retrieved 15 May 2015.
  38. ↑ Limsamarnphun, Nophakhun (2015-09-19). "Sense of urgency for drastic THAI reform still lacking among airline's staff, says president". The Nation. Retrieved 1 November 2015.
  39. ↑ planespotters.net Retrieved 2016-03-19
  40. ↑ "THAI S16 Preliminary Operation Changes as of 31JAN16". airlineroute.net. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
  41. ↑ "Thai takes delivery of its first Airbus A350-900". World Airline News. Retrieved 1 September 2016.
  42. 1 2 "Thai Airways to retire 50 aircraft in next six years as new aircraft are delivered". AviationWA. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
  43. ↑ Ten Kate, Daniel (9 February 2012). "Thai Airways Plans to Lease 8 Boeing 787 Aircraft, Boeing Says". Retrieved 23 October 2013.
  44. ↑ "Thai Airways Welcome Dreamliner". Thai Airways. Retrieved 23 October 2013.
  45. ↑ "TG 3Q2011 Analyst Briefing Presentation" (PDF). thai.listedcompany.com. Retrieved 2011-12-27.
  46. ↑ "Thai to acquire eight 787s and 12 A350s in 37-aircraft deal". FlightGlobal.com. Retrieved 2011-06-13.
  47. ↑ "Acquisition of 37 New Aircraft for the year 2011-2017" (PDF). thai.listedcompany.com. Retrieved 2011-06-13.
  48. ↑ "UPDATE 1-Thai Airways to delay taking delivery of 14 planes to cut costs". Reuters. 2016-01-20. Retrieved 2016-02-12.
  49. ↑ Nguyen, Anuchit. "Without A Buyer, Thai Air's A340 Fleet Will Stay Grounded". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 2016-02-12.
  50. ↑ "THAI's Technical Department Receives JAA Certificate". Retrieved 24 April 2015.
  51. ↑ "LIST OF NON-BILATERAL EASA PART-145 APPROVED ORGANISATIONS" (PDF). European Aviation Safety Agency. 2012-06-29. Retrieved 2012-07-12.
  52. ↑ "Certificates". Technical Department, Thai Airways International. Retrieved 2012-07-12.
  53. ↑ "THAIs Technical Department Receives Recognition from U.S. Department of Transportation". Retrieved 24 April 2015.
  54. 1 2 Technical Department, THAI Airways International Public Co.,Ltd
  55. 1 2 THAI Company Information: THAI with ISO
  56. 1 2 Thai Airways International Receives Plaque from WHO for Excellent In-Cabin Management of Hygienic Systems. Asiatraveltips.com (2005-01-25). Retrieved on 2013-08-25.
  57. ↑ WHO HAS PRESENTED THAI AIRWAYS WITH A HYGIENE AWARD
  58. ↑ THE MINISTRY OF PUBLIC HEALTH PRESENTS PLAQUE TO THAI FOR GOOD MANAGEMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH ON BOARD FLIGHTS Archived September 14, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
  59. ↑ "PrThaiairways.com : Corporate Communications Department Thai Airways International Public Company Limited". Retrieved 24 April 2015.
  60. ↑ "THAI Provides Check-In Service at Bangkok City Air Terminal, Makkasan". Retrieved 24 April 2015.
  61. ↑ "Frequent Flyer : About Royal Orchid Plus". Thaiairways.com. Retrieved 2010-09-13.
  62. ↑ "Codeshare Flights". Thai Airways International. Retrieved 2012-07-12.
  63. ↑ Accident description for HS-TGK at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 20 February 2014.
  64. ↑ Harro Ranter (10 May 1973). "ASN Aircraft accident Douglas DC-8-33 HS-TGU Kathmandu-Tribhuvan Airport (KTM)". Retrieved 24 April 2015.
  65. ↑ Accident description for HS-TAE at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 4 February 2014.
  66. ↑ Harro Ranter (10 November 1990). "ASN Aircraft accident Airbus A300 registration unknown Calcutta". Retrieved 24 April 2015.
  67. ↑ http://planecrashinfo.com/1992/1992-35.htm
  68. ↑ The Inconvenience Truth of Air Crash at Kathmandu
  69. ↑ Accident description for HS-THO at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 4 February 2014.
  70. ↑ Asia Economic News 14 December 1998
  71. ↑ "ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 737-4D7 HS-TDC Bangkok International Airport (BKK)." Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 14 June 2009.
  72. ↑ "ASN Aircraft accident Airbus A330-321 HS-TEF Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi International Airport (BKK)." Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 8 September 2013.
  73. 1 2 Post Publishing PCL. "THAI union against ex-chairman - Bangkok Post: news". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
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