Varyl Begg

Sir Varyl Begg
Rear Admiral Varyl Begg in 1957
Born	(1908-10-01)1 October 1908 Kensington, London
Died	13 July 1995(1995-07-13) (aged 86) Headbourne Worthy, Hampshire
Allegiance	United Kingdom
Service/branch	Royal Navy
Years of service	1926–73
Rank	Admiral of the Fleet
Commands held	First Sea Lord Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth British Far East Command HMS Triumph HMS Cossack
Battles/wars	Second World War Norwegian campaign Suda Bay Korean War Battle of Inchon Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation
Awards	Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath Distinguished Service Order Distinguished Service Cross Mentioned in Despatches (2) Commander of the Order of the Defender of the Realm (Malaysia)

Admiral of the Fleet Sir Varyl Cargill Begg GCB, DSO, DSC, KStJ (1 October 1908 – 13 July 1995) was a Royal Navy officer. He fought in the Second World War as gunnery officer in a cruiser taking part in the North Atlantic convoys, the Norwegian campaign and the occupation of Iceland and then as gunnery officer in a battleship operating in the Mediterranean Fleet during the Battle of Cape Matapan. After that he commanded a destroyer during the Korean War and was Commander-in-Chief of Far East Command during the Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation. He was First Sea Lord and Chief of the Naval Staff in the late 1960s. In that role he vehemently opposed plans to introduce large new aircraft carriers and instead managed to persuade the British Government to develop the design for three small "through-deck cruisers".

Early career

Born the son of Francis Cargill Begg and Muriel Clare Begg (née Robinson), Begg was educated at St Andrew's School, Eastbourne and Malvern College,^[1] before joining the navy as a special entry cadet in September 1926.^[2] Promoted to midshipman on 1 September 1927, he was posted to the cruiser HMS Durban on the China Station in October 1927 and then to the battleship HMS Marlborough in the Atlantic Fleet in April 1929.^[1] Promoted to sub-lieutenant on 1 November 1929^[3] and to lieutenant on 1 December 1930,^[4] he joined the cruiser HMS Shropshire in the Mediterranean Fleet in April 1931 before training as a gunnery specialist at the shore establishment HMS Excellent in 1934.^[1] After qualifying in gunnery, he was then made second gunnery officer of the battleship HMS Nelson, flagship of the Home Fleet, in December 1934 before returning to HMS Excellent in 1936.^[1] He was appointed flotilla gunnery officer in the destroyer HMS Cossack in November 1937 and, having been promoted to lieutenant commander on 1 December 1938,^[5] he became gunnery officer of the 6-inch (152 mm) gun cruiser HMS Glasgow in June 1939.^[1]

Second World War

The Italian battleship Vittorio Veneto firing upon the Allied cruisers during the Battle of Cape Matapan

It was on board the Glasgow that Begg first saw action in the Second World War: the Glasgow participated in North Atlantic convoys, the Norwegian campaign and the occupation of Iceland,^[1] before being badly damaged in a torpedo attack by Italian aircraft at Souda Bay in Crete in December 1940.^[2] In January 1941 he was appointed gunnery officer of the battleship HMS Warspite in the Mediterranean Fleet when it was flagship of the Commander-in-Chief, Admiral Sir Andrew Cunningham (soon to be First Sea Lord himself).^[2] Begg was in charge of Warspite's main 15-inch (381 mm) guns during the Battle of Cape Matapan on the night of 28 March 1941.^[6] It was an engagement in which the ships Warspite, Barham and Valiant caught the Italian heavy cruisers Fiume and Zara by surprise, with their guns still trained fore and aft, and sank them both in a brutally short action of less than two minutes.^[7] A third heavy cruiser, Pola, and two Italian destroyers were also sunk in the engagement.^[7] Begg was mentioned in despatches and awarded the Distinguished Service Cross for his part in the action.^[6] He was promoted to commander on 31 December 1942 and then went to the gunnery division in the Admiralty, where he remained until after the war.^[6]

Senior command

After the war, Begg joined the cruiser HMS Phoebe as operations officer for the destroyers in the Mediterranean Fleet.^[6] Promoted to captain on 30 June 1947,^[8] he was given command of the gunnery school at Chatham in 1948 and of the destroyer HMS Cossack as captain of the 8th destroyer flotilla in August 1950.^[6] The Cossack took part in the Korean War being involved in the pre-invasion shelling and blockade of Inchon^[9] and Begg was mentioned in despatches^[10] and appointed to the Distinguished Service Order on 3 October 1952.^[11]

Begg was given command of the shore establishment HMS Excellent in April 1952 and officiated as the Officer Commanding the Naval Contingent at the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in June 1953.^[12] He went on to command the aircraft carrier HMS Triumph in December 1954.^[6] Having attended the Imperial Defence College, he was appointed Naval Aide-de-Camp to the Queen on 7 July 1956.^[13] Promoted to rear-admiral on 7 January 1957, he became Chief of Staff to the Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth in February 1957^[6] and went on to be Flag Officer, Second-in-Command, Far East Fleet in December 1958.^[6] Appointed Companion of the Order of the Bath in the 1959 New Year Honours^[14] and promoted to vice-admiral on 21 May 1960,^[15] he became Vice Chief of the Naval Staff in January 1961.^[6] He was advanced to Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in the 1962 New Year Honours.^[16] Promoted full admiral on 8 March 1963, on appointment as Commander-in-Chief of Far East Command and British military adviser to the South East Asia Treaty Organization, at a time of when President Sukarno of Indonesia was stepping up pressure on Malaysia.^[2] Advanced to Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath in the 1965 Birthday Honours and appointed an honorary Commander of the Malaysian Order of the Defender of the Realm,^[17]^[18] he went on to be Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth in August 1965.^[6]

The aircraft carrier HMS Invincible, the first of the "through-deck cruisers" that Begg advocated as First Sea Lord

Begg was appointed First Sea Lord and Chief of the Naval Staff, following the sudden resignation of his predecessor Sir David Luce, in March 1966.^[19] Begg strongly believed that the future of the Navy depended as much on surface-to-air missiles as on naval air power and he vehemently opposed plans to introduce large new aircraft carriers.^[20] Instead he managed to persuade the Government to develop the design for three small "through-deck cruisers".^[2] He was promoted to Admiral of the Fleet on 12 August 1968 on his retirement.^[19] He became a Knight of the Order of St John in March 1969.^[21]

Later career

In March 1969 Begg was appointed Governor of Gibraltar^[22] where a residential development is still named after him.^[23] He left Gibraltar in 1973 and retired to his home at Stockbridge in Hampshire.^[19] His interests included fishing, gardening and sports – during his naval career he had been President of the Combined Services Winter Sports Association and President of Royal Navy Cricket.^[2] He suffered from Alzheimer's disease and died at Headbourne Worthy in Hampshire on 13 July 1995.^[19]

Family

In 1943 he married Rosemary Cowan; they had two sons.^[6]

References

1 2 3 4 5 6 Heathcote, p. 27
1 2 3 4 5 6 "Obituary: Admiral of the Fleet Sir Varyl Begg". The Independent. 15 July 1995. Retrieved 11 September 2012.
↑ The London Gazette: no. 33705. p. 2301. 7 April 1931. Retrieved 11 September 2012.
↑ The London Gazette: no. 33768. p. 7072. 3 November 1931. Retrieved 11 September 2012.
↑ The London Gazette: no. 34577. p. 7689. 6 December 1938. Retrieved 11 September 2012.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Heathcote, p. 28
1 2 "Battle of Cape Matapan: World War II Italian Naval Massacre". World War II Magazine. 12 June 2006. Retrieved 11 September 2012.
↑ The London Gazette: no. 38010. p. 3136. 8 July 1947. Retrieved 11 September 2012.
↑ Edwards, p. 124
↑ The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 39272. p. 3553. 26 June 1951. Retrieved 11 September 2012.
↑ The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 39660. p. 5207. 30 September 1952. Retrieved 11 September 2012.
↑ The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 40020. p. 6263. 17 November 1953. Retrieved 11 September 2012.
↑ The London Gazette: no. 40840. p. 4343. 27 July 1956. Retrieved 11 September 2012.
↑ The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 41589. p. 2. 30 December 1958. Retrieved 11 September 2012.
↑ The London Gazette: no. 42099. p. 5074. 22 July 1960. Retrieved 11 September 2012.
↑ The London Gazette: no. 42552. p. 2. 29 December 1961. Retrieved 11 September 2012.
↑ The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 43667. p. 5472. 4 June 1965. Retrieved 11 September 2012.
↑ "Senarai Penuh Penerima Darjah Kebesaran, Bintang dan Pingat Persekutuan Tahun 1965." (PDF).
1 2 3 4 Heathcote, p. 29
↑ "Obituary: Rear-Admiral John Adams". Daily Telegraph. 9 November 2008. Retrieved 11 September 2012.
↑ The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 44815. p. 3181. 25 March 1969. Retrieved 11 September 2012.
↑ The London Gazette: no. 44821. p. 3570. 3 April 1969. Retrieved 11 September 2012.
↑ "Varyl Begg Estate, Gibraltar". Geonames. Retrieved 11 September 2012.

Sources

Edwards, Paul (2010). Historical Dictionary of the Korean War. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0810867734.
Heathcote, Tony (2002). The British Admirals of the Fleet 1734 – 1995. Pen & Sword Ltd. ISBN 0-85052-835-6.

Military offices
Preceded by Sir Walter Couchman	Vice Chief of the Naval Staff 1961–1963	Succeeded by Sir John Frewen
New title Command re-established Post last held by Sir Henry Pownall in 1942	Commander-in-Chief, Far East Command 1963–1965	Succeeded by Sir John Grandy
Preceded by Sir Wilfrid Woods	Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth 1965–1966	Succeeded by Sir Frank Hopkins
Preceded by Sir David Luce	First Sea Lord 1966–1968	Succeeded by Sir Michael Le Fanu
Government offices
Preceded by Sir Gerald Lathbury	Governor of Gibraltar 1969–1973	Succeeded by Sir John Grandy

First Sea Lords of the Royal Navy

First Naval Lords (1828–1904)	Sir George Cockburn Sir Thomas Hardy The Hon. George Dundas Charles Adam Sir George Cockburn Sir Charles Adam Sir George Cockburn Sir William Parker Sir Charles Adam Sir James Dundas The Hon. Maurice Berkeley Hyde Parker The Hon. Maurice Berkeley The Hon. Sir Richard Dundas William Martin The Hon. Sir Richard Dundas The Hon. Sir Frederick Grey Sir Alexander Milne Sir Sydney Dacres Sir Alexander Milne Sir Hastings Yelverton Sir George Wellesley Sir Astley Key Sir Arthur Hood Lord John Hay Sir Arthur Hood Sir Richard Hamilton Sir Anthony Hoskins Sir Frederick Richards Lord Walter Kerr

First Sea Lords (1904–present)	Sir John Fisher Sir Arthur Wilson Sir Francis Bridgeman Prince Louis of Battenberg The Lord Fisher Sir Henry Jackson Sir John Jellicoe Sir Rosslyn Wemyss The Earl Beatty Sir Charles Madden, Bt Sir Frederick Field The Lord Chatfield Sir Roger Backhouse Sir Dudley Pound The Lord Cunningham of Hyndhope Sir John Cunningham The Lord Fraser of North Cape Sir Rhoderick McGrigor The Earl Mountbatten of Burma Sir Charles Lambe Sir Caspar John Sir David Luce Sir Varyl Begg Sir Michael Le Fanu Sir Peter Hill-Norton Sir Michael Pollock Sir Edward Ashmore Sir Terence Lewin Sir Henry Leach Sir John Fieldhouse Sir William Staveley Sir Julian Oswald Sir Benjamin Bathurst Sir Jock Slater Sir Michael Boyce Sir Nigel Essenhigh Sir Alan West Sir Jonathon Band Sir Mark Stanhope Sir George Zambellas Sir Philip Jones

Governors of Gibraltar

	Spanish period (1462-1704) De Salinas Habsburg occupation (1704) Hesse-Darmstadt Nugent Shrimpton Elliott Stanwix Treaty of Utrecht (1713) Portmore Kane Clayton Sabine Hargrave Bland Fowke Tyrawley Home Cornwallis Boyd Eliott Boyd Rainsford O'Hara Kent and Strathearn Fox Dalrymple Cradock Campbell Don Chatham Don Crown colony (1830) Houston Woodford Wilson Gardiner Fergusson Codrington Airey Williams Napier of Magdala Adye Hardinge Smyth Nicholson Biddulph White Forestier-Walker Hunter Miles Smith-Dorrien Monro Godley Harington Ironside Liddell Gort Mason-Macfarlane Eastwood Anderson MacMillan Redman Keightley Ward Lathbury Begg Grandy Jackson British dependent territory (1981) Williams Terry Reffell Chapple White Luce Durie British Overseas Territory (2002) Richards Fulton Johns Dutton Davis

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