Vorderrhein (river)

Vorderrhein
The Vorderrhein in the Ruinaulta gorge
Area of the Alpine Rhine with its headwaters
Native name	Rein Anteriur
Other name(s)	Anterior Rhine
Country	Switzerland
Basin
Main source	Tujetsch 46°39′10″N 8°42′43″E / 46.65278°N 8.71194°E / 46.65278; 8.71194 (Primary source of Vorderrhein)
River mouth	Reichenau 585 m (1,919 ft) 46°49′24″N 9°24′28″E / 46.82333°N 9.40778°E / 46.82333; 9.40778 (Mouth of Vorderrhein)Coordinates: 46°49′24″N 9°24′28″E / 46.82333°N 9.40778°E / 46.82333; 9.40778 (Mouth of Vorderrhein)
Progression	Rhine → North Sea
River system	Rhine
Basin size	1,512 km² (584 sq mi)
Physical characteristics
Length	76 km (47 mi)
Discharge	Average rate: 53.8 m³/s (1,900 cu ft/s)

The Vorderrhein (German; English: Anterior Rhine; in the local Sursilvan language: Rein Anteriur) is one of the two sources of the Rhine. Its catchment area of 1,512 square kilometres (584 square miles) is located predominantly in the canton of Graubünden (Switzerland). The Vorderrhein is about 76 kilometres (47 mi) long, thus more than 5% longer than the Hinterrhein/Rein Posteriur (each measured to the farthest source). The Vorderrhein, however, has an average water flow of 53.8 m³/s (1,900 cu ft/s),^[1] which is less than the flow of the Hinterrhein. According to the Atlas of Switzerland of the Swiss Federal Office of Topography,^[2] the source of the Vorderrhein– and the Rhine –is located north of the Rein da Tuma and Lake Toma.

Vorderrhein was also the name of a judicial district that was created in 1851 with the reorganization of the judiciary of Graubünden. In 2001, it was annexed by the District Surselva.

The largest communities along the Vorderrhein are Disentis and Ilanz.

Course

Confluence of the Hinterrhein (right) and the Vorderrhein (left) at Reichenau

The Vorderrhein flows mostly in an east-northeast direction, through the Surselva, a large longitudinal valley. Its north side is steep, with short valleys, the southern side, however, is divided by some long valleys (similar to the situation in the Canton of Valais further west). Consequently, its main tributaries, the Rein da Sumvitg, the Glenner and the Rabiusa all come from the south. In its lower course the Vorderrhein flows through the Flims Rockslide, giving rise to the canyon country of the Ruinaulta. Near Reichenau, it joins the Hinterrhein to form the (Alpine) Rhine.

Headwaters

Some of the tributaries of the Vorderrhein are almost as long as the main branch. In downstream order, they are (measuring their length from their respective sources to the confluence with Hinterrhein at Reichenau):

Two unnamed streams originating in the Puozas and Milez areas near the Oberalppass
Rein da Tuma, including the Lai da Tuma and the main head of the lake, about 71 kilometres (44 mi)
The Aua da Val from the Val valley (70 km)
Rein da Maighels (75 km) (tributary of the Rein da Curnera)
Rein da Curnera (about 74 km)
Rein da Nalps (about 71 km)
Rein da Medel, the upper reaches in the Canton of Ticino are known as Reno di Medel, and also as Froda (about 76 km)

So the longer arms are not the source at Oberalppass, but further southeast. The longest headwater front of the Vorderrhein (and thus the Rhine as a whole, see sources of the Rhine), is the Reno di Medel, which rises on the border of the municipality Quinto in Ticino. In the uppermost part of its course, it runs in the Val Cadlimo, south of the geomorphological main Alpine ridge, west of the Lukmanier Pass.

Tourism

The Vorderrhein at Schluein

Thanks to its attractive scenery and some interesting passage, the Vorderrhein is a popular river for paddling and rafting, especially the section between Ilanz and Versam.

Along entire length of the Vorderrhein there is a narrow-gauge railway line: from Chur to Disentis there is a line of the Rhätische Bahn. From Disentis, the Furka-Oberalp line of the Matterhorn-Gotthard-Bahn runs to the Oberalp Pass and on to Andermatt. In the Ruinaulta area, the main road runs to the North of the river, and at its highest point, at Flims, it is about 480 metres (1,575 ft) above the Rhine.

The Senda Sursilvana, a hiking trail along the young Rhine River lead from the Oberalp Pass along the Vorderrhein in the direction of Chur.^[3]

Footnotes

↑ Hydrologischer Atlas der Schweiz 2002, Tafel 5.4 Natürliche Abflüsse 1961-1980 (Ausschnitt)
↑ Trial version of the Atlas of Switzerland with flashing rivers
↑ Hiking Switzerland on the Senda Sursilvana in Graubünden

External links

Tributaries of the Rhine

Left (western)	Vorderrhein Aua Russein Schmuèr Alpine Rhine Vorderrhein Tamina Rietaach Alter Rhein Freibach Lake Constance Goldach High Rhine Thur Töss Glatt Aare Sissle Ergolz Birs Birsig Upper Rhine Ill Moder Sauer Lauter Spiegelbach Queich Speyerbach Rehbach Isenach Eckbach Eisbach Pfrimm Selz Middle Rhine Nahe Moselle Nette Brohlbach Ahr Lower Rhine Erft

Right (eastern)	Vorderrhein Rein da Tuma Rein da Curnera Rein da Medel Rein da Sumvitg Glogn Rabiusa Hinterrhein Ragn da Ferrera Albula/Alvra Alpine Rhine Hinterrhein Plessur Landquart Mülbach Ill Frutz Lake Constance Dornbirner Ach Bregenzer Ach Leiblach Schussen Rotach Brunnisaach Lipbach Seefelder Aach Stockacher Aach Radolfzeller Aach High Rhine Biber Wutach Alb Murg Wehra Upper Rhine Wiese Elz Kinzig Rench Acher Murg Alb Pfinz Saalbach Kraichbach Leimbach Neckar Weschnitz Modau Main Middle Rhine Wisper Lahn Wied Lower Rhine Sieg Wupper Düssel Ruhr Emscher Lippe IJssel Oude IJssel/Issel Berkel Schipbeek

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