Setaceous Hebrew character

Setaceous Hebrew character
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Noctuidae
Genus: Xestia
Species: X. c-nigrum
Binomial name
Xestia c-nigrum
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Synonyms
  • Megasema c-nigrum (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Phalaena c-nigrum Linnaeus, 1758
  • Bombyx gothica var. nunatrum Esper, 1786
  • Bombyx gothica var. singularis Esper, 1786
  • Agrotis degenerata Staudinger, 1889
  • Agrotis suffusa Tutt, 1892
  • Agrotis rosea Tutt, 1892
  • Agrotis umbrata Schultz, 1908
  • Agrotis fritschi Culot, 1910
  • Agrotis c-nigrum var. depravata Bang-Haas, 1912
  • Agrotis nigrescens Buresch, 1914
  • Agrotis maerens Dannehl, 1925
  • Agrotis c-nigrum var. kurilana Bryk, 1942
  • Amathes c-nigrum ignorata Eitschberger, 1972
  • Xestia adela Franclemont, 1980

The setaceous Hebrew character (Xestia c-nigrum) is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in the Palearctic ecozone. It is a common species throughout Europe and North Asia and Central Asia, South Asia, China, Japan and Korea. It is also found in North America, from coast to coast across Canada and the northern United States to western Alaska. It occurs in the Rocky Mountains from Montana to southern Arizona and New Mexico. In the east, it ranges from Maine to North Carolina. It has recently been recorded from Tennessee.

Caterpillar
Hebrew letter nun - 15th-century Ashkenazi book-hand

The forewings of this species are reddish-brown with distinctive patterning towards the base; a black mark resembling the Hebrew letter nun (נ) with a pale cream-coloured area adjacent to this mark. The hindwings are cream-coloured.

Technical description and variation

For a key to the terms used, see Glossary of entomology terms.

The wingspan is 35–45 mm. Forewing purplish grey or purplish fuscous with a leaden gloss; costal area at middle ochreous, merged with the bluntly triangular orbicular stigma: cell, a submedian basal blotch, and costal spot before apex purplish black; claviform stigma minute; reniform large, the lower lobe purplish; hindwing ochreous whitish, in female with the termen broadly fuscous.[1]

Lava pink with a broad dark brown subdorsal band. A lateral yellow band with a brown spot on it. Head reddish brown in color.[2]

Biology

Two broods are produced each year and the adults are on the wing between May and October. This moth flies at night and is attracted to light and sugar, as well as flowers such as Buddleia, ivy and ragwort.

The larva is pale brown red-brown or green with obscure paler dorsal and subdorsal lines and a broad pale ochreous spiracular line. It feeds on a huge variety of plants (see list below). The species overwinters as a larva.

  1. ^ The flight season refers to the British Isles. This may vary in other parts of the range.

Recorded food plants

See Robinson, G. S. et al.[3]

References

  1. ↑ Seitz, A. Ed., 1914 Die Großschmetterlinge der Erde, Verlag Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart Band 3: Abt. 1, Die Großschmetterlinge des palaearktischen Faunengebietes, Die palaearktischen eulenartigen Nachtfalter, 1914
  2. ↑ Hampson G. F. (1892). "The Fauna of British India Including Ceylon and Burma Moths Vol-ii". Digital Library of India. p. 558. Retrieved 4 July 2016.
  3. ↑ "Robinson, G. S., P. R. Ackery, I. J. Kitching, G. W. Beccaloni & L. M. Hernández, 2010. HOSTS – A Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants. Natural History Museum, London.".
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