Y-DNA haplogroups by populations of East and Southeast Asia
Listed here are notable groups and populations from East and Southeast Asia by human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups, based on relevant studies.
| Population | Language | n | C | D | K (may incl. N, O, P, Q and R.) | N | O1 | O2 | O3 | Q | Others | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achang (Lianghe, Yunnan) | Tibeto-Burman | 40 | 5.0 | 0 | 2.5 | -- | -- | ≥10.0 | 82.5 | 0 | Shi 2005 Yang 2005 | |
| Aini (Xishuangbanna) | Tibeto-Burman | 52 | 11.5 | 0 | -- | -- | 3.8 | O2a= 7.7 |
40.4 | 0 | K(xO1a,O2a,O3,P) =34.6, F(xK)=1.9 |
Wen 2004[1] |
| Ainu | Ainu | 16 | 12.5 | 87.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Tajima 2004[2] | |
| Andamanese | Andamanese | 37 | 0 | 73.0 | 5.4 | 0 | 0 | 2.7 | 5.4 | 0 | P=10.8 | Thangaraj 2002[3] |
| Bali (Indonesia) | Austronesian | 551 | 1.8 | 0 | 1.1 | 0 | 18.1 | 58.8 | 6.9 | 0.4 | H=3.4 | Karafet 2005[4] |
| Borneo (Indonesia) | Austronesian | 40 | 5.0 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 15 | 37.5 | 17.5 | -- | F=5 | Kayser 2002[5] |
| South China | ST, HM | 384 | 9.6 | 2.1 | 0.5 | 4.4 | 6.8 | 17.4 | 57.8 | 0.3 | Karafet 2005[4] | |
| Daur | Mongolic | 39 | 30.8 | 0 | 0 | ≥7.7 | ≥5.1 | 20.5 | 25.6 | 0 | NO(xN1,O)=2.6 O(xO1a,O2,O3)=2.6 |
Xue 2006[6] |
| East Asia | East Asians | 988 | 19.9 | 4.8 | 1.9 | 6.4 | 5.4 | 16.3 | 33.7 | -- | R1a=2.8 | Xue 2006[6] |
| Filipino | Austronesian | 50 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 46 | -- | 38 | -- | Tajima 2004[2] | |
| Filipino | Austronesian | 115 | 5 | -- | 20 | -- | 28 | 3 | 39 | -- | S=2 | Scheinfeldt 2006[7] |
| Garo | Tibeto-Burman | 71 | 8.5 | 0 | -- | -- | -- | ≥11.3 | 59.2 | -- | H1a=1.4, P=7.0 F(xH,J2,K)=4.2 O(xO2a,O3)=4.2 K(xL,O,P)=4.2 |
Reddy 2007[8] |
| Han (China) | Sinitic | 166 | 6.0 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 9.0 | 9.6 | 16.3 | 55.4 | 0.6 | Karafet 2005[4] | |
| Han (Chengdu, Sichuan) | Sinitic | 34 | 11.8 | 0 | 0 | 2.9 | 14.7 | 17.6 | 52.9 | 0 | Xue 2006[6] | |
| Han (Meixian, Guangdong) | Sinitic | 35 | 8.6 | 0 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 20.0 | 14.3 | 51.4 | 0 | Xue 2006[6] | |
| Han (Harbin, Heilongjiang) | Sinitic | 35 | 14.3 | 0 | 0 | 5.7 | 2.9 | 8.6 | 65.7 | 0 | J=2.9 | Xue 2006[6] |
| Han (Lanzhou, Gansu) | Sinitic | 30 | 20.0 | 6.7 | 0 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 3.3 | 36.7 | 0 | J=10.0 R1a1=6.7 O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=3.3 |
Xue 2006[6] |
| Han (Yili, Xinjiang) | Sinitic | 32 | 6.3 | 3.1 | 9.4 | 0 | 9.4 | 12.5 | 46.9 | -- | R1a1=6.3 P(xR1a1)=3.1 Y(xA,C,DE,J,K)=2.9 |
Xue 2006[6] |
| Han (Taiwan) | Sinitic | 183 | 6.3 | 0.3 | -- | 22.4 | 8.5 | 58.2 | 1.1 | Tsai 2001[9] | ||
| Taiwanese aborigines | Austronesian | 246 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 66.3 | 10.6 | 11.0 | -- | Capelli 2001[10] | |
| Hani (China) | Tibeto-Burman | 34 | 17.6 | 0 | 0 | 11.8 | 0 | 50.0 | 17.6 | 0 | Y(xA,C,DE,J,K)=2.9 | Xue 2006[6] |
| Hezhe (China) | Tungusic | 45 | 28.9 | 0 | 0 | 17.8 | 0 | 6.7 | 44.4 | 0 | NO(xN1,O)=2.2 | Xue 2006[6] |
| Hmong–Mien (China) | Hmong–Mien | 169 | 8.9 | 3.6 | 0 | 1.2 | 3.6 | 22.5 | 61.5 | 0 | Karafet 2005[4] | |
| East Indonesia | Austronesian, Papuan | 344 | 61.9 | 0 | 10.5 | -- | 2.6 | -- | 7.3 | -- | S=11, M=4 | Mona 2009[11] |
| Japan | Japanese | 118 | 5.1 | 46.6 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | P=1.7 | Karafet 1999[12] |
| Japan | Japanese | 259 | 8.5 | 34.7 | 0 | 1.6 | 0 | 31.7 | 20.1 | 0.4 | NO=2.3 | Hammer 2005[13] |
| Japan (Shikoku) | Japanese | 97 | 25.7 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | Nonaka 2007[14] | ||
| Japan (Kantō) | Japanese | 137 | 3.6 | 48.2 | 0 | 0 | 2.2 | 30.7 | 14.5 | 0.7 | Nonaka 2007[14] | |
| Western Japan | Japanese | 97 | 7.2 | 26.8 | -- | -- | 4.1 | 37.1 | 23.9 | 0 | Nonaka 2007[14] | |
| Java | Austronesian | 53 | 1.9 | 0 | 1.9 | 0 | 22.6 | 41.5 | 22.6 | -- | R1=3.8 | Kayser 2002[5] |
| Khalkh | Mongolic | 85 | 56.5 | 3.5 | -- | -- | 0 | 0 | 18.8 | -- | J=2.4, N1c=4.7 P(xR1a1)=4.7 R1a1=3.5 K(xN1c,O,P)=3.5 F(xJ,K)=2.4 |
Katoh 2004[15] |
| Korea | Korean | 317 | 9.1 | 4.0 | -- | 4.1 | 30.3 | 44.5 | 0.6 | Shin 2001[16] | ||
| Korea | Korean | 110 | 15.5 | 0 | -- | 5.5 | 2.7 | 28.2 | 45.5 | -- | K(xNO)=1.8 | Kim 2007[17] |
| Koreans (China) | Korean | 25 | 12.0 | 0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 0 | 32.0 | 40.0 | 0 | BT(xC,DE,J,K)=8.0 | Xue 2006[6] |
| Koreans (Korea) | Korean | 43 | 16.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | -- | 0 | 30.2 | 39.5 | -- | P(xR1a1)=2.3 J=2.3 |
Xue 2006[6] |
| Koreans (Seoul-Gyeonggi) | Korean | 110 | 13.6 | 0.9 | -- | 1.8 | 0.9 | 28.2 | 50.9 | 2.7 | L=0.9 | Kim 2011[18] |
| Koreans (Gangwon) | Korean | 63 | 12.7 | -- | -- | 6.4 | 1.6 | 39.7 | 38.1 | 1.6 | Kim 2011[18] | |
| Koreans (Chungcheong) | Korean | 72 | 11.1 | 1.4 | -- | 4.2 | 1.4 | 30.6 | 50 | 1.4 | Kim 2011[18] | |
| Koreans (Jeolla) | Korean | 90 | 13.3 | 3.3 | -- | 4.4 | 1.1 | 33.3 | 43.3 | -- | L=1.1 | Kim 2011[18] |
| Koreans (Gyeongsang) | Korean | 84 | 16.7 | 2.4 | -- | 4.8 | 2.4 | 33.3 | 36.9 | 1.2 | L=1.2 R=1.2 |
Kim 2011[18] |
| Koreans (Jeju) | Korean | 87 | 8.1 | 1.2 | -- | 6.9 | 5.8 | 32.2 | 43.7 | 1.2 | R=1.2 | Kim 2011[18] |
| Lhoba | Tibeto-Burman | 0 | 20.8 | 0 | 34.6 | -- | -- | 33.8 | 0.8 | J=0.8, R=7.7 O(xO3)=1.5 |
||
| Insular Southeast Asia | Austronesian | 312 | 15.7 | -- | 24.4 | -- | 23.7 | 14.1 | 18.6 | -- | M1=5.4 | Capelli 2001[10] |
| Insular Southeast Asia | Austronesian, Papuan | 272 | 9.9 | -- | 8.8 | -- | 20.2 | 18.7 | 22.1 | -- | S=4, M=3 | Kayser 2006[19] |
| Malaysia | Austronesian | 50 | 6 | -- | 8 | -- | 8 | 32 | 30 | -- | F=6, M=2 | Scheinfeldt 2006[7] |
| Manchu | Sinitic, Tungusic | 101 | 16.8 | -- | 2.0 | -- | 3.0 | 33.7 | 42.6 | -- | O*(xO1,O2b,O3) =1.0, P*(xR1a)=1.0 |
Katoh 2004[15] |
| Manchu | Sinitic, Tungusic | 35 | 25.7 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 14.3 | 2.9 | 14.3 | 37.1 | 0 | Xue 2006[6] | |
| Mongolia | Mongolic | 65 | 53.0 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 10.6 | 0 | 1.5 | 10.6 | 4.5 | R1a=9.1 | Xue 2006[6] |
| Inner Mongolia | Mongolic, Sinitic | 45 | 46.7 | 0 | 4.4 | 13.3 | 0 | 2.2 | 28.9 | 0 | Xue 2006[6] | |
| Oroqen | Tungusic | 31 | 61.3 | 0 | 3.2 | 6.5 | -- | 6.5 | 19.4 | 0 | O(xO1a,O2,O3)=3.2 | Xue 2006[6] |
| Qiang | Tibeto-Burman | 33 | 0 | 18.2 | 0 | 0 | 15.2 | 15.2 | 36.4 | -- | BT(xC,DE,J,K)=9.1 P(xR1a1)=6.1 |
Xue 2006[6] |
| Sibe | Tungusic | 41 | 26.8 | 2.4 | 4.9 | 17.1 | 7.3 | 2.4 | 26.8 | -- | J=7.3 P(xR1a1)=2.4 BT(xC,DE,J,K)=2.4 |
Xue 2006[6] |
| Sumatra | Austronesian | 57 | 5.3 | 1.8 | 3.5 | 0 | 17.5 | 14.0 | 29.8 | -- | F=14,S=3 | Kayser 2006[19] |
| Han (Taiwan) | Sinitic | 183 | 6.3 | 0.3 | -- | 22.4 | 8.5 | 58.2 | 1.1 | Tsai 2001[9] | ||
| Taiwanese aborigines | Austronesian | 246 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 66.3 | 10.6 | 11.0 | -- | Capelli 2001[10] | |
| Thai | Tai–Kadai | 34 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 0 | 0 | 8.8 | -- | 35.3 | -- | O*=44.1 | Tajima 2004[2] |
| Tibet | Tibeto-Burman | 156 | 2.6 | 51.6 | 0 | 4.5 | 0 | 0 | 33.9 | 3.2 | H=1.9, R1a=1.9 | Gayden 2007[20] |
| Tibetans (Lhasa, Tibet) | Tibeto-Burman | 46 | 8.7 | 41.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.2 | 39.1 | -- | F=4.3, P=4.3 | Wen 2004[1] |
| Tibetans (Zhongdian, Yunnan) | Tibeto-Burman | 50 | 4.0 | 36.0 | 12.0 | -- | 0 | 4.0 | 44.0 | 0 | Wen 2004[21] | |
| Tibetans (Yushu, Qinghai) | Tibeto-Burman | 92 | 14.1 | 22.8 | 21.7 | -- | 1.1 | -- | 19.6 | -- | F=14.1, P=6.5 | Wen 2004[1] |
| Tibetans (Guide, Qinghai) | Tibeto-Burman | 39 | 2.6 | 48.7 | -- | -- | 7.7 | 0 | 10.3 | -- | F(xJ,K)=5.1 J=5.1, R1a1=2.6 P(xR1a1)=2.6 |
Zhou 2008[22] |
| Tibetans | Tibeto-Burman | 35 | 0 | 42.9 | 0 | 8.6 | 0 | 0 | 40.0 | 0 | R1a1=8.6 | Xue 2006[6] |
| Tibeto-Burman | Tibeto-Burman | 964 | 8.4 | 18.5 | 17.7 | -- | 3.1 | 6.3 | 38.7 | -- | F=5.4 | Wen 2004[1] |
| Tujia (Hunan) | Tibeto-Burman | 155 | 15.5 | 1.3 | 12.9 | -- | 9.7 | 3.9 | 53.5 | -- | P=1.9 | Wen 2004[1] |
| Uyghur | Turkic | 70 | 7.1 | 1.4 | 7.1 | 8.6 | 1.4 | 0 | 11.4 | -- | others=63 | Xue 2006[6] |
| Vietnam | Austroasiatic | 70 | 4.3 | 2.9 | 0 | 2.9 | 5.7 | 32.9 | 40.0 | 7.1 | J=2.9 | Karafet 2005[4] |
| Yao (Bama, Guangxi) | Hmong–Mien | 35 | 17.1 | 2.9 | 0 | -- | 2.9 | 40.0 | 34.3 | 0 | NO(xN1,O)=2.9 | Xue 2006[6] |
| Yao (Liannan, Guangdong) | Hmong–Mien | 35 | 2.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5.7 | 8.6 | 82.9 | 0 | Xue 2006[6] | |
| Yi (Sichuan, Yunnan) | Tibeto-Burman | 125 | 5.6 | 0.8 | 28.0 | -- | 0.8 | 7.2 | 28.8 | -- | F=18 | Wen 2004[1] |
| Zakhchin | Mongolic | 60 | 46.7 | 3.3 | -- | N1c= 3.3 |
0 | O2b= 3.3 |
8.3 | -- | R1a1=13.3 O(xO1a,O2b,O3) =8.3, J=1.7 P(xR1a1)=5.0 K(xN1c,O,P)=5.0 F(xJ,K)=1.7 |
Katoh 2004[15] |
Principal Groups
| Population | Language | n | C | D | K (may incl. N, O, P, Q and R.) | N | O1 | O2 | O3 | Q | Others | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Han (China) | Sinitic | 166 | 6.0 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 9.0 | 9.6 | 16.3 | 55.4 | 0.6 | Karafet 2005[4] | |
| Japan | Japanese | 259 | 8.5 | 34.7 | 0 | 1.6 | 3.2 | 31.7 | 20.1 | 0.4 | NO=2.3 | Hammer 2005[13] |
| South Korea | Korean | 506 | 12.6 | 1.6 | 0 | 4.5 | 1.8 | 32.4 | 44.3 | 1.4 | L=0.6, R=0.4 | Kim 2011[18] |
| Austronesian | 50 | 6 | -- | 8 | 0 | 8 | 32 | 30 | -- | F=6, M=2 | Scheinfeldt 2006[7] | |
| Mongolia | Mongolic | 65 | 53.0 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 10.6 | 0 | 1.5 | 10.6 | 4.5 | R1a=9.1 | Xue 2006[6] |
| Thai | Tai–Kadai | 34 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 0 | 0 | 8.8 | -- | 35.3 | -- | O(xO1,O3)=44.1 | Tajima 2004[2] |
| Tibet (Lhasa) | Tibeto-Burman | 46 | 8.7 | 41.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.2 | 39.1 | -- | F=4.3, P=4.3 | Wen 2004[1] |
| Uyghur | Turkic | 70 | 7.1 | 1.4 | 7.1 | 8.6 | 1.4 | 0 | 11.4 | -- | others=63 | Xue 2006[6] |
| Vietnam | Austroasiatic | 70 | 4.3 | 2.9 | 0 | 2.9 | 7.7 | 32.9 | 40.0 | 7.1 | J=2.9 | Karafet 2005[4] |
See also
- Y-DNA haplogroups by groups
- Y-DNA haplogroups in South Asian populations
- Y-DNA haplogroups in Central and North Asian populations
- Y-DNA haplogroups in Oceanian populations
- Y-DNA haplogroups by populations of Near East and North Africa
- Y-DNA haplogroups in European populations
- Y-DNA haplogroups by populations of the Caucasus
- Y-DNA haplogroups by populations of Sub-Saharan Africa
- Y-DNA haplogroups in Indigenous peoples of the Americas
- Far East
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Bo Wen 2004, Analyses of Genetic Structure of Tibeto-Burman Populations Reveals Sex-Biased Admixture in Southern Tibeto-Burmans
- 1 2 3 4 Atsushi Tajima; et al. (March 2, 2004). "Genetic origins of the Ainu inferred from combined DNA analyses of maternal and paternal lineages". Journal of Human Genetics. 49 (4): 187–193. doi:10.1007/s10038-004-0131-x. OCLC 110247689. PMID 14997363.
- ↑ Kumarasamy Thangaraj et al 2002, Genetic Affinities of the Andaman Islanders, a Vanishing Human Population Archived October 29, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Tatiana M. Karafet 2005, Balinese Y-chromosome perspective on the peopling of Indonesia: genetic contributions from pre-neolithic hunter-gatherers, Austronesian farmers, and Indian traders
- 1 2 Manfred Kayser et al 2002-2003, Reduced Y-Chromosome, but Not Mitochondrial DNA, Diversity in Human Populations from West New Guinea
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Yali Xue et al 2006, Male demography in East Asia: a north-south contrast in human population expansion times Archived September 6, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
- 1 2 3 Laura Scheinfeldt, Françoise Friedlaender, Jonathan Friedlaender, Krista Latham, George Koki, Tatyana Karafet, Michael Hammer and Joseph Lorenz, "Unexpected NRY Chromosome Variation in Northern Island Melanesia," Molecular Biology and Evolution 2006 23(8):1628-1641
- ↑ B. Mohan Reddy 2007, Austro-Asiatic Tribes of Northeast India Provide Hitherto Missing Genetic Link between South and Southeast Asia
- 1 2 Li-Chin Tsai 2001, Haplotype frequencies of nine Y-chromosome STR loci in the Taiwanese Han population
- 1 2 3 Cristian Capelli et al 2001, A Predominantly Indigenous Paternal Heritage for the Austronesian-Speaking Peoples of Insular Southeast Asia and Oceania
- ↑ Stefano Mona et al 2009, Genetic Admixture History of Eastern Indonesia as Revealed by Y-Chromosome and Mitochondrial DNA Analysis
- ↑ T. M. Karafet, S. L. Zegura, O. Posukh et al., "Ancestral Asian Source(s) of New World Y-Chromosome Founder Haplotypes," American Journal of Human Genetics 64 : 817–831, 1999
- 1 2 Michael F. Hammer et al 2005, Dual origins of the Japanese: common ground for hunter-gatherer and farmer Y chromosomes
- 1 2 3 I. Nonaka et al 2007, Y-chromosomal Binary Haplogroups in the Japanese Population and their Relationship to 16 Y-STR Polymorphisms
- 1 2 3 Toru Katoh 2004, Genetic features of Mongolian ethnic groups revealed by Y-chromosomal analysis
- ↑ Dong-Jik Shin et al 2001, Y-Chromosome multiplexes and their potential for the DNA profiling of Koreans
- ↑ Wook Kim 2007, Lack of Association between Y-Chromosomal Haplogroups and Prostate Cancer in the Korean Population
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Soon-Hee Kim 2011, High frequencies of Y-chromosome haplogroup O2b-SRY465 lineages in Korea: a genetic perspective on the peopling of Korea
- 1 2 Manfred Kayser et al 2006, Melanesian and Asian Origins of Polynesians: mtDNA and Y Chromosome Gradients Across the Pacific
- ↑ Tenzin Gayden et al 2007, The Himalayas as a Directional Barrier to Gene Flow
- ↑ Bo Wen, Hong Shi, Ling Ren et al., "The origin of Mosuo people as revealed by mtDNA and Y chromosome variation," Science in China Ser. C Life Sciences 2004 Vol.47 No.1 1-10
- ↑ Ruixia Zhou 2008, Origin and evolution of two Yugur sub-clans in Northwest China: a case study in paternal genetic landscape
External links
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