Yichun, Heilongjiang
Yichun (Chinese: 伊春; pinyin: Yīchūn) is a prefecture-level city on the Songhua river in Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China. The city is separated from Russia by the Amur River and has an international border of 246 kilometres (153 mi). At the 2010 census, Yichun has a total population of 1,148,126 while 729,202 people live in 15 districts separated by forests.[1] The greening rate of Yichun is up to 83%. The nickname of Yichun is Lindu (Chinese: 林都; pinyin: Líndū; literally: "forest capital").
History
Yichun was named after the Yichun River (伊春河), which is a small tributary of Tangwang River (汤旺河). The word Yichun means "nine" in Mongolian language. During the Shang Dynasty Yichun was populated by the Sushen肃慎. Before the Tang Dynasty, the region was inhabited by several nomad tribes in the northeastern border area of China including Sushen and Donghu. During the Qing Dynasty, Yichun was under the administration of Qiqihar and Hulan's Deputy Lieutenant-General (Fudutong) before it became a minor town under Tangyuan County's jurisdiction in the 1890s.
The region's real development began after the establishment of Manchukuo after Japanese force seized Manchuria in 1932. In November 1941, a railway from Suihua to Jiamusi was built before its branch was extended to today's Yichun district from Nancha in July 1942. In 1945, Yichun was established as Yichunjie (Yichun Street) under Tangyuan County's control. As a major center of lumber industry, Yichun has grown at an astonishing rate since 1949. In 1952 Yichun County was established by the PRC Government. On 13 Feb 1958 Yichun was designated a Prefecture-level city. However, in order to set up a pilot of the combination of enterprise management and government, The CPC Central Committee and State Council approved to establish Yichun Special District (伊春特区) instead of Yichun City in 1964. In 1979 the City of Yichun was reinstated. Jiayin and Tieli were put into Yichun's jurisdiction.[2]
Geography
Yichun is located in the northeast part of Heilongjiang, faces Russia across the Amur River with a borderline of 2,495 km (1,550 mi). The Lesser Khingan Mountains cross the city. The total administrative area of Yichun is up to 33,000 km2 (13,000 sq mi). The channels and valleys are densely covered with trees and grasslands In the administrative area of Yichun. There are 702 rivers in total and the total water pondage is 10.2 billion steres, and the rivers belong to the branches of Amur River and Songhua River systems. Tangwanghe River is the main river of Yichun.
Climate
Yichun has a monsoon-influenced, hemiboreal climate (Köppen Dwb), with long, bitterly cold, but very dry winters, and very warm, humid summers. With an annual mean temperature of 1.29 °C (34.3 °F), it is among the coldest Chinese cities, and diurnal temperature variation tends to be large, especially in winter and spring. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −22.4 °C (−8.3 °F) in January to 21.0 °C (69.8 °F). During the warmer months, rainfall is somewhat enhanced by the mountainous topography, allowing for a generous annual precipitation total of 627 millimetres (24.7 in). However, the monsoon still means that more than 60% of the annual precipitation falls from June to August alone.
| Climate data for Yichun, Heilongjiang (1971−2000) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 1.0 (33.8) |
8.0 (46.4) |
18.7 (65.7) |
27.9 (82.2) |
31.7 (89.1) |
35.1 (95.2) |
36.3 (97.3) |
35.4 (95.7) |
29.8 (85.6) |
26.8 (80.2) |
13.6 (56.5) |
2.2 (36) |
36.3 (97.3) |
| Average high °C (°F) | −14.5 (5.9) |
−7.8 (18) |
0.7 (33.3) |
11.5 (52.7) |
19.4 (66.9) |
24.4 (75.9) |
27.1 (80.8) |
25.0 (77) |
19.0 (66.2) |
9.8 (49.6) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
−12.6 (9.3) |
8.3 (46.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −22.4 (−8.3) |
−16.7 (1.9) |
−6.8 (19.8) |
4.6 (40.3) |
12.0 (53.6) |
17.7 (63.9) |
21.0 (69.8) |
18.7 (65.7) |
11.8 (53.2) |
2.8 (37) |
−9.0 (15.8) |
−18.2 (−0.8) |
1.3 (34.3) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −29.1 (−20.4) |
−24.5 (−12.1) |
−14.4 (6.1) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
4.4 (39.9) |
11.1 (52) |
15.5 (59.9) |
13.6 (56.5) |
6.0 (42.8) |
−2.9 (26.8) |
−14.7 (5.5) |
−24.9 (−12.8) |
−5.2 (22.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −41.2 (−42.2) |
−41.2 (−42.2) |
−37.9 (−36.2) |
−18.6 (−1.5) |
−8.8 (16.2) |
0.5 (32.9) |
4.5 (40.1) |
0.4 (32.7) |
−5.9 (21.4) |
−22.5 (−8.5) |
−33.1 (−27.6) |
−40.4 (−40.7) |
−41.2 (−42.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 4.8 (0.189) |
4.8 (0.189) |
10.0 (0.394) |
23.3 (0.917) |
50.6 (1.992) |
109.3 (4.303) |
151.9 (5.98) |
145.0 (5.709) |
74.5 (2.933) |
33.0 (1.299) |
11.6 (0.457) |
8.2 (0.323) |
627.0 (24.685) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 8.4 | 6.1 | 6.6 | 9.4 | 12.5 | 15.7 | 15.7 | 15.5 | 13.5 | 9.6 | 7.9 | 9.6 | 130.5 |
| Source: Weather China | |||||||||||||
Subdivisions
 | ||||||
| # | Name | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2010 est.) | Area (km²) | Density (/km²) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yichun District | 伊春区 | Yīchūn Qū | 146,074 | 100 | 1,461 |
| 2 | Nancha District | 南岔区 | Nánchà Qū | 118,060 | 3,088 | 38 |
| 3 | Youhao District | 友好区 | Yǒuhǎo Qū | 53,409 | 2,366 | 23 |
| 4 | Xilin District | 西林区 | Xīlín Qū | 51,938 | 457 | 114 |
| 5 | Cuiluan District | 翠峦区 | Cuìluán Qū | 44,976 | 1,560 | 29 |
| 6 | Xinqing District | 新青区 | Xīnqīng Qū | 43,054 | 1,181 | 36 |
| 7 | Meixi District | 美溪区 | Měixī Qū | 40,697 | 2,259 | 18 |
| 8 | Jinshantun District | 金山屯区 | Jīnshāntún Qū | 39,917 | 1,850 | 22 |
| 9 | Wuying District | 五营区 | Wǔyíng Qū | 33,980 | 1,040 | 33 |
| 10 | Wumahe District | 乌马河区 | Wūmǎhé Qū | 31,391 | 1,254 | 25 |
| 11 | Tangwanghe District | 汤旺河区 | Tāngwànghé Qū | 30,980 | 1,263 | 25 |
| 12 | Dailing District | 带岭区 | Dàilǐng Qū | 32,256 | 1,040 | 31 |
| 13 | Wuyiling District | 乌伊岭区 | Wūyīlǐng Qū | 21,145 | 3,162 | 7 |
| 14 | Hongxing District | 红星区 | Hóngxīng Qū | 21,838 | 3,042 | 7 |
| 15 | Shangganling District | 上甘岭区 | Shànggānlǐng Qū | 19,487 | 1,461 | 13 |
| 16 | Tieli City | 铁力市 | Tiělì Shì | 350,358 | 6,620 | 53 |
| 17 | Jiayin County | 嘉荫县 | Jiāyīn Xiàn | 68,566 | 7,273 | 9 |
Economy
The city's GDP topped RMB 20.24 billion in 2010, featuring a growth of 15.7% over the previous year.[3] In 2010, value-added industrial output generated by enterprises with designated size or above rose 29.3% to RMB 7.12 billion.[4] In 2010, the foreign trade value of Yichun totaled US$302.23 million, up 36.3% year on year.[4]
Wood processing and metallurgy are the main industries in Yichun. In 2010, value-added industrial output from wood processing increased 34% to RMB 2.01 billion, while that from metallurgy rose 39.2% to RMB 2.2 billion, accounting for 33.6% of the industrial sector's total. These two industries accounted for 91% of Yichun's total value-added industrial output according to the statistics in 2009.[3]
Transportation
Yichun Lindu Airport, located in a forest approximately 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) from downtown Yichun,[5] is the city's airport. It started operations in August 2009, and is capable of serving 142,000 passengers a year.[6] Yichun Railway Station operates daily trains to Harbin, the capital of Heilongjiang Province. The Yichun-Hegang Highway and the Yichun-Harbin Highway(part of Hegang-Harbin Highway) connect the city with other cities in Heilongjiang Province.[4]
Gallery
References
- 1 2 "2010年伊春市第六次全国人口普查主要数据公报（Sixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China）". Yichun Municipal Government. Retrieved 6 May 2011.
- ↑ 伊春市地方志编纂委员会 (1995). 伊春市志 History of Yichun. 黑龙江人民出版社 Heilongjiang People's Press. ISBN 9787207029201.
- 1 2 伊春市2010年国民经济和社会发展统计公报. www.tjcn.org (in Chinese). 31 March 2011.
- 1 2 3 "Yichun ( Heilongjiang ) City Information". Hong Kong Trade Development Council. Retrieved 5 September 2011.
- ↑ "Heavy fog shrouds airport as crash rescue continues". Society. China Daily. 25 August 2010. Retrieved 2010-08-25.
- ↑ "Introduction of Lindu airport in Yichun city". CCTV News. 25 August 2010. Retrieved 2010-08-25.
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Yichun, Heilongjiang. |
- Yichun City (Chinese)
Coordinates: 47°44′N 128°54′E / 47.733°N 128.900°E