2011 Monterrey casino attack

2011 Monterrey casino attack

Casino Royale after the attack
Location Avenida San Jerónimo, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
Coordinates 25°40′26.96″N 100°21′17.75″W / 25.6741556°N 100.3549306°W / 25.6741556; -100.3549306Coordinates: 25°40′26.96″N 100°21′17.75″W / 25.6741556°N 100.3549306°W / 25.6741556; -100.3549306
Date 25 August 2011 (2011-08-25)
15:30 – (UTC-5)
Target Casino Royale owner
Attack type
 Fire attack using fuel and grenade
Deaths 52
Non-fatal injuries
 10
Perpetrators Los Zetas

The 2011 Monterrey casino attack was a narcoterrorist attack that took place in city of Monterrey, Nuevo León, in the country of Mexico, on 25 August 2011.[1] Government sources revealed that 52 people were killed,[2] but the Blog del Narco mention that 61 bodies were eventually found after a few days.[3]

The terrorist attack left over a dozen injured, and over 35 trapped for several hours before the Mexican forces arrived at the place a few minutes after the incident.[4] Media reports said the majority of those killed were women,[5] including one who was pregnant.[6] Although the government crackdown of the drug cartels dates back to 2006,[7] Monterrey became an increasingly violent city in 2010,[8] due to the rupture of the Gulf Cartel and Los Zetas.[9]

This attack was planned and carried out by the cartel, Los Zetas.[10] Surveillance videos show how four vehicles with several well-armed gunmen arrived at the entrance of Casino Royale.[11] After the gunmen descended from their vehicles, they quietly stormed the casino's main entrance, opened fire at a few gamblers and guests, and then doused the casino entrances with gasoline and started a fire that trapped the people inside.[12] This attack was classified as the most violent and bloodiest in the history of Monterrey and of the whole state of Nuevo Leon.[13]

Background

Grupo Royale is a chain of casinos and entertainment venues with branches in Monterrey, Mazatlán and Los Cabos, as well as a branch in Escobedo named "Fantastic Escobedo".[14][15]

The casino Royale San Jerónimo is at the junction of Calle Jesús María González and Avenida San Jerónimo,[16] and is owned by Raúl Rocha Cantú and José Alberto Rocha Cantú, also owners of Conexiones y Mangueras S.A. (Cymsa) and Entertainment Enterprises of México S.A. de C.V.[17] It was opened in November 2007[18] to more than 500 people, who the casino gave two million pesos between them as a welcoming gift.[19]

The casino had been attacked on several previous occasions. On January 17, 2011 it was announced in the news media that the business had been the victim of organised crime, and that an armed squad had entered the premises to subdue those inside, although this was denied by their then legal representative, Enrique Hernández Navarro.[18] In the early hours of May 25 of the same year, it was attacked by a group of delinquents who detonated firearms, taking money from customers and from the establishment, which was one of several casinos attacked that day.[18][19]

On May 4, 2011 the casino had been shut down by the municipality for failure to obtain permits for expanding the premises, reopening its doors on May 31 due to an appeal by its owners to the State Tribunal for Administrative Litigation, claiming that the works were for remodelling. This appeal was granted by magistrate José Alfonso Solís Navarro.[19]

Before this tragedy another betting center, owned by Grupo Royale, had been attacked twice this year by organized crime, but with no casualties.[20]

Attack

Smoke rises during the fire.

Minutes before 2:00 p.m. on 26 August 2011 in Monterrey, Nuevo León, twelve members of the criminal group Los Zetas, along with one of its leaders, met at "El Gran Pastor" restaurant located on Gonzalitos avenue, just a few blocks away from the casino.[21] The cartel members ate cabrito in a "special meeting," where they were given orders to carry out the attack at the Casino Royale.[21]

According to the perpetrators, the attack was intended to send a message to the owner of the casino for failing to pay an extortion. By 3:00 p.m., the Zetas left the restaurant and headed to a Pemex gas station in Valle Verde neighborhood to collect barrels of gasoline. Two separate surveillance videos issued by the governor confirmed that two pick-up trucks arrived at the gas station to fill up big containers of gasoline before setting off on Gonzalitos avenue.[22] While driving through the avenue, the second video captured the moment when the convoy headed towards the site.[22]

The perpetrators arrived at the casino at approximately 3:50 p.m. in a convoy of four vehicles: a Mini Cooper, a Chevrolet Equinox, a blue GMC and a grey VW Beetle.[23] In the first minute and a half, several armed men, about eight or nine, stormed the casino while some people inside managed to escape.[24] The criminals then ordered the people inside to hurry their way out, but many of them were scared and decided to hide inside the casino.[25] Witnesses claim that one of the gunmen struck the receptionist with his assault rifle before the other triggermen doused the gasoline inside the premise from the tanks they had bought at the gas station.[25][26]

The crowd of 150 croupiers and customers, mostly women, stampeded inside the casino from the game area to the bathrooms, stairways, and blocked emergency exits. Some of them reportedly heard gunfire and explosion that they thought were grenade detonations.[27] Some people managed to leave through the main entrance, but after a few minutes this became impossible due to the fire spreading; several others were hurt in the stampede, as panic and psychosis descended at the scene.[28] All of the 52 victims died from suffocation due to carbon monoxide poisoning because they were hiding in bathrooms and offices after trying to escape from the aggressors.[23][29] It was later confirmed that the emergency exits in the casino were locked.[28]

In only three minutes, the perpetrators burned the establishment and managed to flee the scene – only to be captured by the surveillance video.[24] When the emergency crew finally decided to smash down the walls of the casino, they found the corpses littered in huge piles inside the bathrooms, stairs, and game tables. By the next morning, the Mexican authorities confirmed that 52 people had died, while dozens more were in the hospital.[27]

Reactions

The company Atracciones y Emociones Vallarta S.A. de C.V., whose Administration Council consists of Rodrigo Madero Covarrubias, José Francisco Madero Dávila and Ramón Agustín Madero Dávila,[30] denied any relationship with the Casino Royale, as they had previously separated from each other.[31]

City mayor Fernando Larrazábal Bretón and Juana María Treviño Torres, president of the Tribunal for Administrative Litigation, blamed each other for the tragedy: Larrazábal blamed the tribunal for permitting the casino to reopen, while Treviño Torres blamed Monterrey Civil Protection for not checking that it had emergency exits.[19]

Additionally, magistrate José Alfonso Solís Navarro (who authorised the reopening) resigned his position on August 27.[19]

A contingent of 3,000 soldiers and federal police were sent to the city, and the rest of the state was patrolled by armoured units and Black Hawk helicopters for reasons of security.[32] Furthermore, the ex-mayor of Monterrey, Adalberto Madero, was detained by the Attorney General and federal forces for a supposed link to the administrative council of the company believed to manage the casino Royale.[33] President Felipe Calderón declared three days of national mourning.[34]

26 relatives of the victimes demanded compensation for the event and for their hospital and funeral expenses to be paid, although the company (through its lawyer Juan Gómez Jaime) denied any responsibility due to the tragedy being out of the company's control,.[35] However, the government offered to pay their funeral and legal expenses, educational grants and medical and psychological bills.[36]

On November 7 two casinos belonging to the company of Raúl Rocha Cantú (owner of the Royale) were closed: the Montecarlo in Mazatlán, Sinaloa and the Play Win Casino in Los Cabos, Baja California Sur; however, the company Entretenimiento de México has confirmed that Rocha Cantú is no longer a member.[37]

A few days after the attack, the narrative song "El Muerto 53" appeared anonymously in order to "reach the voice of the people".

Suspects

The attack was attributed to organized crime, with the two initially suspected groups being the Gulf Cartel and Los Zetas who both claimed control of the area. It was later confirmed to be the latter group.[38] With the help of witness statements, portraits of the attackers were drawn. On August 26, three stolen cars were discovered and found to be those caught on camera as being used during the attack.[39] The Attorney General offered 30 million pesos for information leading to the capture of the suspects.[38]

The governor of Nuevo León, Rodrigo Medina de la Cruz, reported that the first five individuals suspected of starting the casino fire were arrested on August 29. The five of them confessed to having participated in the crime which led to 52 deaths, but stated that they had not intended to kill anyone, only wanting to scare the owners of the building[40] because they had refused to pay a weekly fee of 130,000 pesos to be allowed to operate. They had decided to attack, but the situation grew out of their control.[41][42] More gang members were later arrested.[43]

Fugitives

On September 14 the Sub-Prosecutor for Regional Control of the Attorney General of Mexico, José Cuitláhuac Salinas Martínez, published a list of 18 people involved in the attack, including the identity and photographs of four Los Zetas leaders.[44] Three of them were later captured, and the last one was shot dead on 4 April 2012.[45][46][47]

The remainder have only been identified by nicknames and sketch portraits:[44]

Captured

Name Alias Age Date of capture Notes
Luis Carlos Carrazco Espinoza[40] Chihuas 25 August 29 Moved to Topo Chico prison[48]
Javier Alonso Martínez Morales[40] Javo 37
Jonathan Jahir Reyna Gutiérrez[40] 18
Juan Ángel Leal Flores[40] El Casillas or Cash 20
Julio Tadeo Berrones Ramírez[40] Julio Rayas 28
Luis Adán Gómez Vázquez[49] El Gordo 33 September 18
Jonathan Estrada Pérez[50] La Tita 20 Moved to Topo Chico prison[48]
Tomás Barbosa Sánchez[50] Tommy 21
José Alfredo Grimaldo Rodríguez[50] El Tejón 19 Lookout[51]
Moved to Topo Chico prison[48]
Alan Enrique[52] El Pikachú 15 or 16 Lookout[51]
Released on September 27[53]
Arrested again October 26[54]
Roberto Carlos López Castro[45] El Toruño September 29
José Alberto Loera Rodríguez[45] El Voltaje 28 October 5
Carlos Oliva Castillo[55] La Rana 37 October 14 Planned the attack
Presumably the third-in-command of Los Zetas, just behind Heriberto Lazcano alias "el Lazca," and Miguel Treviño Morales, alias "Z-40."[56]
Antonio Camacho Jaco[57] El Bogar 24 October 21 Head of Los Zetas in northern Monterrey
Moved to Topo Chico prison[48]
Gerardo Alejandro de León Jiménez[58] El Papas Moved to Topo Chico prison[48]
Américo Orlando Soto Reyes[59] El Bam Bam or El Junior 23 October 26 Lookout
Saúl Becerra Reyes[59] El Pelón or El Chueco 21
Jesús Rafael Torres Bautista[60] El Colitas 18 November 4 Participated directly, using firearms[46]
José Mejía Garza[46] El Flaco or El Negro 24 From Monclova, Coahuila[46]
Jesús[46] Chuy Pestañas 16
Itzama[46] Chama 16
Yesenia[46] 17
Yaresi[46] Ale 15
Hugo Iván Santos Doria[61] El Monky or Manitas November 9 Informant[61]
Baltazar Saucedo Estrada[62] El Mataperros ("The Dog Killer")[63] January 5 Planned and took part in the attack
Second in command of the organisation

Sentenced

Victims
1. María Hilda González González
2. Miriam González González
3. María Inés González González
4. Rómulo Baldomero Tamez Salazar
5. María de los Ángeles Pérez Patlán
6. Flor María González Gómez
7. María del Carmen Martínez Grimaldo
8. Laura Adriana Gregoria Navarrete Berlanga
9. Martín Jesús Saide Azar
10. Idalia Elizabeth Walls Polendo
11. María Martha Navarro Moreno
12. María Esperanza Alanís Chapa
13. Isabel Ladrón de Guevara Barrada
14. Lilia Elma Vela Vázquez
15. Lorena Villarreal Elizondo
16. Rosa Mariana Ramírez Díaz
17. Aída Cavazos de la Peña
18. María Guadalupe Monsiváis Estrada
19. Yolanda Rocha Delgado
20. Adelina Hernández Huerta
21. Mayra Liliana González Zamarripa
22. Joaquín Martínez Ríos
23. Nora Elia Ortegón de Lomelí
24. Edith Castillo Ramírez
25. Rubén Noé Morales Castillo
26. Christian Alejandro Solís Huerta
27. Sara Aurora Ramírez Rodríguez
28. Juan Manuel Juárez Alonso
29. Carmen Adriana Flores Navarro
30. Julia Yuridia Cardona Morales
31. María Elena Moreno Luna
32. María Dolores Campos Rodríguez
33. Martha Elena Gutiérrez Salinas
34. Juana Saldaña García
35. Petra Bustos Velásquez
36. Lucía del Carmen Anguiano Lugo
37. Benito Garza Garza
38. Eduardo Enrique Martínez Cavazos
39. Karla María Espinosa Vega
40. Irma Sofía Vélez Álvarez
41. Azucena Rocío Dávila de la Garza
42. Brad Xavier Muraira Pérez
43. Priscila Barbosa Zapata
44. Miguel Ángel Loera Castro
45. Amalia Terrazas Moreno
46. Elsa Martínez Pérez
47. Jeny Adriana García Toledano
48. Jeny Adriana Toledano Flores
49. Sonia de la Peña Guerrero
50. Flora Montes Padilla
51. Josefina Contreras Orozco
52. Laura Elena Rodríguez de la Garza

All of the arrested were detained until their sentencing. On September 27, the minor Alan Enrique[52] was released from the Juvenile Centre as no evidence was found that he was responsible for any part of the attack, despite having been named as a participant by some of the other arrested individuals,[53] although he was later re-arrested.[54]

On October 27, restriction orders were closed on 10 of the 14 who had then been arrested, and the Attorney General of Nuevo León ordered their arrests for homicide and organised criminal activity, having them moved to Topo Chico prison accompanied by a strong security team.[48]

Victims

The majority of the victims were adults, people over the age of 50[18] and casino employees. Of the 52 people who died during the attack, ten were men and 42 women, including two pregnant women,[64][65] one of whom was in her seventh month.[66] 45 of the dead were identified (35 women and ten men) and the rest had to be tested in order to determine their identity as they had suffered severe burns.[67][68] All of them died from toxic fumes, although seven of the corpses were burned.[44] Most of them were from Monterrey, but two were from Tamaulipas.[18] With respect to the ten injured people, three of them were hospitalised in stable condition.[68][69]

The victims included Joaquín Martínez, uncle of Silvia Landeros, a well-known television presenter at Multimedios Television,[70] as well as the sister-in-law of ex-footballer Alfredo «Alacrán» Jiménez,[71] whose condition has not been reported.

Memorial two months after the attack.

Altar

Two months after the attack, family members of the 52 victims came to the scene of the accident to create a memorial with 53 white wooden crosses with the names of the victims, plus one with the word "baby" for the unborn child, as well as leaving a banner asking the president not to forget about the case, referring to the specialist reports allowing the federation to take charge:[72][73]

“Sr. Presidente Felipe Calderón
le pedimos que honre su palabra
"CAIGA QUIEN CAIGA"
confiamos en usted”[72]


“Mr. President Felipe Calderón
we ask you to keep your word
"whoever falls"
we trust in you”[72]

Around 50 of the victims' family members joined hands, prayed for the victims and asked for justice.[72] Members of the public also left arrangements of flowers on the pavement outside the casino.[74] And as of 2012, the families have asked the authorities to preserve the casino and keep it intact.[75]

Discrepancies

Academics and intellectuals disagree strongly about whether or not the Monterrey casino attack was a "terrorist act", a term used by the President of the Republic during a press conference denouncing the killings. Academics define it as a "reprehensible criminal act" and not as an act of terrorism; terrorism has different characteristics, involving ideology and doctrine, such as in the case of ETA or the 2011 attacks in Norway. The criminal acts of drug trafficking and organised crime are not strictly defined in Mexican law, and are usually a form of score-settling between criminal groups, unlike in Colombia where acts of narcoterrorism against the public have a legal definition.[76][77]

Reactions

National

Cancelled events

International

Organizations

See also

References

  1. ↑ Zabludovsky, Karla (September 1, 2011). "The Monterrey massacre: a new nadir in Mexico's drug war". Guardian News | UK. London. Retrieved September 1, 2011.
  2. ↑ "Mexico drugs crisis: Monterrey shocked by casino attack". BBC News ©. August 27, 2011.
  3. ↑ "Masacre en un casino de Monterrey: 61 muertos". Blog del Narco. Archived from the original on September 20, 2011. Retrieved August 25, 2011.
  4. ↑ "Atacan Casino Royale en Monterrey: 52 muertos". Milenio Noticias. August 25, 2011.
  5. ↑ "Luto por masacre en casino de Monterrey". El Heraldo. August 26, 2011.
  6. ↑ Ediciones El País. "La policía mexicana difunde los retratos de los atacantes del casino de Monterrey". EL PAÍS. Retrieved December 11, 2014.
  7. ↑ Archibold, Randal C. (March 3, 2011). "Felipe Calderon Hinojosa". New York Times.
  8. ↑ "Monterrey: Tocando fondo". Nexos en linea. 2011-01-08.
  9. ↑ "La violencia en Monterrey es insostenible". Movimiento por la paz. August 29, 2011.
  10. ↑ "Zetas responsables del ataque al Casino Royale de Monterrey; hay 5 detenidos". El Universitario. August 29, 2011.
  11. ↑ "Video Muestra Ataque A Casino Royale De Monterrey 26-08-11". Multimedios TV. August 25, 2011.
  12. ↑ Jaccarino, Mike (August 25, 2011). "Gunmen set Monterrey's Casino Royale on fire, killing at least 53 in latest Mexico violence". New York Times.
  13. ↑ De Córdoba, José (August 25, 2011). "At Least 53 Killed in Mexico Casino". The Wall Street Journal | Latin America.
  14. ↑ Casino Royale ¿Quiénes somos? Archived August 29, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
  15. ↑ "Directorio Nuevo León :: ENTRETENIR ENTERPRISE FANTASTIC SA DE CV (FANTASTIC ESCOBEDO MAQUINAS Y BINGO)". Retrieved December 11, 2014.
  16. ↑ Casino Royale San Jerónimo Ubicación Archived August 29, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
  17. ↑ "Home - Milenio - Grupo Milenio". Retrieved December 11, 2014.
  18. 1 2 3 4 5 "Acento Veintiuno - Noticias de México". Retrieved December 11, 2014.
  19. 1 2 3 4 5 Periódico La Rocka. Septiembre 2011. Primera quincena. No. 144, Año IX. Monterrey, N.L.
  20. ↑ "Noticias de Prensa Latina - México continúa de luto nacional por tragedia de Monterrey" (in Spanish). Prensa-latina.cu. January 1, 1970. Retrieved September 3, 2011.
  21. 1 2 "Zetas planearon ataque al casino en conocido restaurante de Monterrey". El Diario (in Spanish). 31 August 2012. Archived from the original on 28 August 2012. Retrieved 28 August 2012.
  22. 1 2 "Video captó cuando atacantes de casino cargaron gasolina". El Universal (in Spanish). August 29, 2011. Archived from the original on August 28, 2012. Retrieved 28 August 2012.
  23. 1 2 "Revelan identidad de líderes del ataque al Royale". Milenio (in Spanish). September 14, 2011. Archived from the original on August 28, 2012. Retrieved 28 August 2012.
  24. 1 2 "Nuevo video: tres minutos les tomó incendiar el casino". Excélsior (in Spanish). 26 August 2011. Archived from the original on 28 August 2012. Retrieved 28 August 2012.
  25. 1 2 Corcoran, Katherine (August 25, 2011). "Mexican Casino Attack: At Least 45 Dead In Monterrey". The Huffington Post. Archived from the original on August 28, 2012. Retrieved 28 August 2012.
  26. ↑ Pérez Stadelmann, Cristina (October 16, 2011). "Sobreviviente y madre de un joven que murió en casino Royale". Yahoo! News (in Spanish). Archived from the original on August 28, 2012. Retrieved 28 August 2012.
  27. 1 2 Ioan Grillo (26 August 2012). "Burning Down Casino Royale: Mexico's Latest Drug Atrocity". TIME. Retrieved 28 August 2012.
  28. 1 2 "Infierno sin salida: puertas de emergencia estaban cerradas, dicen testigos". Proceso (in Spanish). August 25, 2011. Archived from the original on August 28, 2012. Retrieved 28 August 2012.
  29. ↑ "Suspendido el rescate en el casino de Monterrey por peligro de derrumbe". BBC News (in Spanish). August 26, 2011. Archived from the original on August 28, 2012. Retrieved 28 August 2012.
  30. ↑ ¿Y los dueños del Casino Royale? Archived May 15, 2015, at the Wayback Machine.
  31. ↑ "Atracciones y Emociones Vallarta se deslinda del Casino Royale". Archived from the original on February 20, 2012. Retrieved February 18, 2012.
  32. ↑ "Blindan Monterrery con 3,000 elementos tras atentado a casino". Archived from the original on February 20, 2012. Retrieved February 18, 2012.
  33. ↑ "La PGR detiene y recluye al exalcalde de Monterrey, Adalberto Madero". CNN Mexico. 9 October 2011.
  34. ↑ "Calderón declara luto nacional por ataque al casino Royale en Monterrey - La tragedia en el Casino Royale" (in Spanish). Mexico.cnn.com. August 26, 2011. Retrieved September 3, 2011.
  35. ↑ La casa nunca pierde: no habrá indemnización para los clientes
  36. ↑ "Dan apoyos económicos a las familias de víctimas del Royale". Excélsior. Retrieved December 11, 2014.
  37. ↑ Loke. "Clausuran 2 casinos de la cadena Royale". Archived from the original on February 26, 2012. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
  38. 1 2 "Ofrece PGR 30 millones por responsables de ataque". Archived from the original on February 26, 2012. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
  39. ↑ "Encuentran autos de atacantes del Casino Royale". Archived from the original on February 26, 2012. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
  40. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Cinco personas detenidas por incendio de casino en nl". Archived from the original on February 26, 2012. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
  41. ↑ "Terror en el Casino Royale de Monterrey; los Zetas, detrás del atentado". Excélsior. Retrieved December 11, 2014.
  42. ↑ Culpables del incendio del Casino Royale aseguran era un susto que se les salio de las manos
  43. ↑ "detienen a 5 zetas por ataque a Casino Royale". Archived from the original on February 26, 2012. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
  44. 1 2 3 "Home - Milenio - Grupo Milenio". Retrieved December 11, 2014.
  45. 1 2 3 "Capturan a El Voltaje, jefe zeta implicado en ataque al Royale". Archived from the original on February 26, 2012. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
  46. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Confirman captura de “El Colitas”, presunto 'zeta' implicado en caso Royale Archived November 6, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
  47. ↑ "Un autor del ataque al casino Royal muere en un enfrentamiento". CNN Mexico (in Spanish). 4 April 2012. Retrieved 5 April 2012.
  48. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Van al Topo Chico 10 implicados en caso Royale". Archived from the original on February 26, 2012. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
  49. ↑ "YouTube". Retrieved December 11, 2014.
  50. 1 2 3 detiene a 4 implicados en el ataque al Casino Royale
  51. 1 2 "Cae `La Tita`, y 3 involucrados más en ataque de Casino Royale". Archived from the original on February 26, 2012. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
  52. 1 2 "Exámenes psicológicos reflejan que atacantes del casino Royale son peligrosos". Archived from the original on February 26, 2012. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
  53. 1 2 "Liberan a menor detenido por ataque al Royale". Archived from the original on February 26, 2012. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
  54. 1 2 "YouTube". Retrieved December 11, 2014.
  55. ↑ "Cae "La Rana", el presunto autor intelectual del ataque al Casino Royale". CNN.
  56. ↑ "Presentan a el "Comandante Rana" el número 3 de Los Zetas". El Universal. October 13, 2011.
  57. ↑ "Lo más popular". CNN. October 4, 2011.
  58. ↑ "Detenidos otros dos supuestos implicados en el ataque al casino de Monterrey - Terra USA". Archived from the original on February 26, 2012. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
  59. 1 2 "Caen 2 involucrados más en el caso de Casino Royale (Video)". Archived from the original on February 26, 2012. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
  60. ↑ "YouTube". Retrieved December 11, 2014.
  61. 1 2 Presentan a presunto implicado en ataque a Casino Royale
  62. ↑ "Home - Milenio - Grupo Milenio". Retrieved December 11, 2014.
  63. ↑ Mark Stevenson (Associated Press), "As Mexico's drug violence gets grittier, so do cartel nicknames", Calgary Herald, August 9, 2012
  64. ↑ "Por: Mónica Hernández-Roa". Archived from the original on February 26, 2012. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
  65. ↑ "Prevén para el viernes conclusión del peritaje Anticipa el Estado ..." (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on February 26, 2012. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
  66. ↑ TV Azteca Noreste. "Una embarazada entre víctimas de ataque a casino". Archived from the original on February 19, 2012. Retrieved February 17, 2012.
  67. ↑ Identificadas, 45 de las 52 víctimas del casino Royale
  68. 1 2 Identifican a 45 de las 52 víctimas de ataque a casino de Monterrey Archived 2012-02-20 at WebCite Archived copy at WebCite (February 20, 2012).
  69. ↑ "Cronología del ataque al Casino Royale de Monterrey". Archived from the original on February 19, 2012. Retrieved February 17, 2012.
  70. ↑ Solvantec. "La Columnaria Blog - ¡Ya basta!". Retrieved December 11, 2014.
  71. ↑ "Vive ex futbolista regio incendio en Casino". Archived from the original on February 26, 2012. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
  72. 1 2 3 4 "Familias lloran a víctimas del Royale y claman justicia". Archived from the original on February 26, 2012. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
  73. ↑ "Piden justicia familiares de víctimas del Casino Royale". Archived from the original on February 26, 2012. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
  74. ↑ "Familiares honran a víctimas con altar frente al Casino Royale". Archived from the original on February 26, 2012. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
  75. ↑ "Hacen inspección en casino Royale de Monterrey". El Universal (Mexico City) (in Spanish). 12 June 2012. Retrieved 13 June 2012.
  76. ↑ "No es terrorismo, El Economista.". Archived from the original on February 26, 2012. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
  77. ↑ Loke. "Lejos de ser un acto terrorista, Milenio.". Archived from the original on February 26, 2012. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
  78. ↑ "Noticias de Prensa Latina". Retrieved December 11, 2014.
  79. ↑ "Caldern declara luto nacional por ataque al casino Royale en Monterrey". August 26, 2011. Retrieved December 11, 2014.
  80. ↑ "Nota no disponible - xeu Noticias en Veracruz". www.xeu.com.mx. Retrieved December 11, 2014.
  81. ↑ "Eloy Cavazos lamenta trágicos acontecimientos". Archived from the original on February 26, 2012. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
  82. ↑ "Barack Obama tacha de cruel el ataque ocurrido en Casino Royale en Monterrey". Archived from the original on February 26, 2012. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
  83. 1 2 3 4 5 "Líderes mundiales se solidarizan con Monterrey". Archived from the original on February 26, 2012. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
  84. ↑ La ONU y Amnistía Internacional reprueban el acto criminal

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