Jalisco New Generation Cartel

Jalisco New Generation Cartel

Logo of the New Generation Cartel
Founded 2009[1]
Founded by Nemesio Oseguera Cervantes (El Mencho), Erick Valencia (El 85), Martín Arzola Ortega (El 53), Emilio Alejandro Pulido Saldaña (El Tiburon),
Founding location Jalisco, Mexico
Years active 2009 – present
Territory
Membership Martin Ortega (El Venado), Julio Campos (El Matón), Martin Campos (El Tuercas), Nemesio Diaz (El Mazon), Manuel Felix
Criminal activities Drug trafficking, Organized crime, Weapon trafficking, Murder
Allies Los Cuinis, Tijuana Cartel
Rivals Knights Templar Cartel, Los Zetas, Juarez Cartel, Sinaloa Cartel, Barrio Azteca[2]
[3]

The Jalisco New Generation Cartel (Spanish: Cártel de Jalisco Nueva Generación, CJNG and Matazetas) is one of the newest and fastest-landgrowing weapon trafficking & drug-trafficking criminal groups in Mexico.[4] They are currently fighting the Knights Templar Cartel and Los Zetas for control of the cities of Guadalajara, Jalisco and the states of Michoacán and Veracruz.[5][6] The CJNG also operates in the states of Nayarit, Colima, and Guanajuato.[7] While this cartel is best known for its fights against the Zetas, it has also been battling La Resistencia for control of Jalisco and its surrounding territories.[8]

Jalisco New Generation Cartel expanded its operation network from coast to coast in only six months, making it one of the criminal groups with the greatest operating capacity in Mexico as of 2012.[9] The Sinaloa Cartel, led by Joaquín Guzmán Loera (a.k.a. El Chapo), has been using the Jalisco New Generation Cartel as its armed wing to fight off Los Zetas in Guzmán's turf and to carry out incursions to other territories like Nuevo Laredo and Veracruz.[10]

Through online videos, the Jalisco New Generation Cartel has tried to seek society's approval and tacit consent from the Mexican government to confront Los Zetas by posing as a "righteous" and "nationalistic" group.[11][12] Such claims have stoked fears that Mexico, just like Colombia a generation before, may be witnessing the rise of paramilitary drug gangs.[11]

History

With the 2009 capture of Óscar Nava Valencia, leader of the Milenio Cartel, and the death of Ignacio Coronel Villarreal, of the Sinaloa cartel federation, a power vacuum emerged and the Milenio broke into smaller factions. Some of them suspected the Sinaloa cartel had betrayed their leaders and broke away to form the CJNG.[13][14][15] Others left the Sinaloa cartel and formed the group La Resistencia, and formed a brief alliance with Los Zetas drug cartel.[16]

Some members of the Milenio Cartel, then a Sinaloa Cartel branch, who splintered and formed the CJNG were Nemesio Oseguera Cervantes (El Mencho), Erick Valencia (El 85) and Martín Arzola Ortega (El 53).[14] With this split, a turf war against La Resistencia, headed by Ramiro Pozos (El Molca), and Los Zetas for the control of the region started.[17][18]

In spring 2011, the Jalisco New Generation Cartel declared war on all other Mexican cartels and stated its intention to take control of the city of Guadalajara. However, by midsummer, the group appeared to have been reunited with its former partners in the Sinaloa Cartel. In addition to maintaining its anti-Zetas alliance with the Gulf Cartel, the Sinaloa Cartel in 2011 affiliated itself with the Knights Templar in Michoacán. To counter Los Zetas in the state of Jalisco, the Sinaloa Cartel affiliated itself with the Jalisco New Generation Cartel.[13]

First appearance
CJNG interrogating Zeta members.

In June 2009, inside an abandoned truck in a residential neighborhood in Cancún, Quintana Roo, the Mexican authorities discovered the corpses of three men. Along with their remains was found the following message:

"We are the new group Mata Zetas and we are against kidnapping and extortion, and we will fight them in all states for a cleaner Mexico."
— Jalisco New Generation Cartel (Los Mata Zetas)[19]

The murdered men were then linked to individuals who had been shown in a video on YouTube while being interviewed by masked men armed with assault rifles.[20] A number of videos online confirmed the existence of the Jalisco New Generation Cartel, which was dedicated at that time to kill Gulf Cartel and Zeta members alike.[20] In the interrogation videos done by the Mata Zetas, the captured cartel members confessed their criminal activities and gave out the names of police commanders and politicians who provided them with protection.[20] According to Terra Networks, the government agency of the SIEDO received a phone call on 1 July 2009 from an unidentified man who said that the cartel members of Los Zetas were going to be "kidnapped and eliminated" from Cancún and Veracruz.[21]

2011–2012 Veracruz massacres

2011 Veracruz massacres

On 20 September 2011, two trucks containing 35 dead bodies were found at an underpass near a shopping mall in Boca del Río, Veracruz.[22] All of the corpses were alleged to be members of Los Zetas,[23] but it was later proven that only six of them had been involved in minor crime incidents, and none of them was involved with organized crime.[24] Some of the victims had their hands tied and showed signs of having been tortured.[25] According to El Universal, at around 17:00 an undetermined number of vehicles blocked a major avenue in Boca del Río.[26] Once the traffic stopped, armed men abandoned two trucks in the middle of the highway.[26] They opened the doors of the trucks and pulled out the thirty-five corpses, leaving a written message behind.[26] Other gunmen pointed their weapons at the frightened drivers.[27] The gunmen then fled the scene.[28] Consequently, the stunned motorists began to grab their cellphones and post messages on Twitter warning other drivers to avoid the area.[27] The message left behind stated the following:

No more extortions, no more killings of innocent people! Zetas in the state of Veracruz and politicians helping them: This is going to happen to you, or we can shoot you as we did to you guys before too. People of Veracruz, do not allow yourselves to be extorted; do not pay for protection; if you do is because you want to. This is the only thing these people (Los Zetas) can do. This is going to happen to all the Zetas-fucks who continue to operate in Veracruz. This territory has a new proprietor.
— Cartel Jalisco Nueva Generation[29]

The Blog del Narco reported on 21 September 2011 that the message was suppjjosedly signed by Gente Nueva, an enforcer group that works for Joaquín Guzmán Loera, the top boss of the Sinaloa cartel.[30] Nonetheless, on 27 September 2011, the CJNG released a video claiming they had carried out these attacks.[31] They apologized for the massacres in Veracruz but reiterated their efforts to fight off Los Zetas, who, they claimed, "are not invincible."[32] In the CJNG video, five men wearing balacavas and completely black clothing are shown sitting behind a table.[31] Then the man with the microphone states that the Matazetas are "warriors without a face, but proudly Mexicans,"[31] and that their objective is to eradicate Los Zetas.[31] They claim in the video that they respect the Mexican Armed Forces and understand the government's stance against the drug cartels.[31] In fact, the men in the video state that they understand and respect the government's decision of refusing to negotiate with the cartels.[33] They also criticize the politicians who have protected Los Zetas.[33] In addition, they claim that the Matazetas are "prohibited to extort, kidnap, steal, abuse, or do anything that will affect the national patrimony,"[34] and that they are the "armed wing of the Mexican people."[34]

On 6 October 2011 in Boca del Río, Veracruz, 36 bodies were found by the Mexican authorities in three different houses.[35] The Navy first discovered 20 bodies inside a house in a residential neighborhood. While searching at another house they found 11 more bodies.[36] The third and final house contained one body.[36] Four other bodies were confirmed separately by the state government of Veracruz.[37] A day later, Reynaldo Escobar Pérez, the State Justice Attorney General, stepped down and resigned due to the drug-violence.[38] And a day after his resignation, 10 more bodies were found throughout the city of Veracruz.[39] The Jalisco New Generation Cartel was also responsible for 67 killings in Veracruz on 7 October 2011.[40]

By 9 October 2011, in only eighteen days, the state of Veracruz reported 100 killings.[41]

Operation Veracruz

In response to the multiple executions between the drug cartels, the federal government launched a military-led operation in the state of Veracruz, known in Spanish as Operativo Veracruz Seguro.[42] In October 2011, the state of Veracruz was a disputed territory between Los Zetas and the Gulf Cartel and Sinaloa Cartel.[43] Francisco Blake Mora, Secretary of the Interior at the time, said that the operation was implemented to serve the five following goals: (1) Deploy the Armed Forces and the Federal Police throughout the Veracruz to "recuperate the areas controlled by the cartels."[44] (2) Establish intelligence agencies to not only capture the cartel members, but to also dismantle their financial and operative networks;[44] (3) Evaluate and inspect the police forces in Veracruz for any possible correlation with the cartels, "in order to count with loyal" police officers;[44] (4) Increase the federal and state funding to improve security measures;[44] (5) Ensure that the government is the only entity that carries out law and order.[44]

Continued attacks and 2012 Veracruz massacres
CJNG members claiming responsibility for killing Zetas.

Despite the strong military presence, the authorities discovered 7 bodies inside a Ford Lobo on 8 October 2011 in Veracruz.[45] On 22 December 2011, three public buses were attacked by drug cartel members on Federal Highway 105 in Veracruz, leaving 16 dead.[46] Three U.S. citizens were among those dead.[47] Soon after the shootouts, which happened in the early morning, the authorities carried out an operation to find those responsible, killing five gunmen.[48] The U.S. Consulate in Matamoros asked Americans to avoid traveling on highways between cities in the late hours of the night.[49]

In Tampico Alto, Veracruz, on 23 December 2011 the Mexican authorities found 10 dead bodies after an anonymous call from a citizen.[50] The corpses were dumped on a dirt road, and all of them were handcuffed and presented signs of torture.[51] Nine out of the ten bodies were decapitated.[52] Earlier in February 2011, Saturnino Valdés Llanos, the mayor of the municipality of Tampico Alto, was kidnapped in February 2011; his body was left in a garbage dump with 10 more bodies a week later.[53] On 25 December 2011 near Tampico, Tamaulipas, a city on the border with Veracruz, 13 bodies were found inside an 18-wheeler truck.[54] According to officials, the truck had license plates from Veracruz.[54] Authorities indicated that this massacre was related to the other mass murders that had occurred in Veracruz.[55] On 9 February 2012, the Mexican authorities exhumed 15 bodies from clandestine mass graves in Acayucan, Veracruz.[56] According to government sources, by March 2012, the homicide rate in Veracruz and its surrounding territories has decreased.[57] President Felipe Calderón attributed the low homicide rates to the Operation Veracruz, the military-led operation implemented in October 2011.[58]

On 3 May 2012 in Boca del Río, Veracruz, 3 photojournalists who covered the crime events in Veracruz were slain and dumped in several plastic bags in a canal.[59] Press freedom groups indicated that the three journalists had "temporarily fled Veracruz after receiving threats [in 2011]."[60] Over the past eighteen months, 7 journalist have been killed in Veracruz alone.[61] There are only a few journalists reporting on crime-related stories in the state.[61] Upon the arrest of several members of the cartel, the authorities confirmed in August 2012 that the CJNG was responsible for killing 5 journalists in Veracruz.[62]

2011 Sinaloa massacre

On 23 November 2011, a total of 26 bodies—16 of them burned to death—were located in several abandoned vehicles in Sinaloa.[63] The incident began at early hours of the morning in Culiacán, Sinaloa with the discovery of a vehicle on fire.[64] When the police forces managed to put down the flames, they found inside the vehicle a dozen of bodies burned to death, and with wood remains on top of them. All of the victims were handcuffed.[64] Later on at 07:00 hours, anonymous calls from civilians notified the police that another vehicle in the northern city limits of Culiacán was on fire. The vehicle on fire was a Ford Ranger, and inside were four bodies with bulletproof vests and handcuffed.[64] During the night, 10 more bodies were found throughout several different municipalities.[64]

The killings were allegedly carried out by Los Zetas as a response to the massacres done by the Matazetas (CJNG) in Veracruz.[65][66] Stratfor believes that this major move by Los Zetas into the territory of the Sinaloa Cartel demonstrates the Zeta's ability to attack the "heart of those cartels' territories."[67]

2011–2012 Jalisco massacres

2011 Guadalajara massacre
CJNG members direct a video to Felipe Calderón.

On 24 November 2011, three trucks containing 26 bodies were found in an avenue at Guadalajara, Jalisco.[68] All of them were male corpses.[69] At around 7:00 pm, the Guadalajara police received numerous anonymous calls from civilians reporting that "several vehicles with more than 10 bodies had been abandoned" in a major avenue.[70] Upon the arrival of the police forces, they found a green Dodge Caravan in the middle lane of the highway, along with a Nissan Caravan just 66 feet (20 meters) away;[70] on the farthest right lane was a white van.[70] Reports state that Los Zetas and the Milenio Cartel are responsible for the massacre of these twenty-six alleged Sinaloa Cartel members.[71] In addition, in November 2011, three men from the Milenio Cartel were arrested and linked to the massacre of the twenty-six people.[72] The authorities concluded that only six of the twenty-six that were killed had criminal records, and another ten of those dead were reported as disappeared by their family members.[73] Among those killed were small-business entrepreneurs; a cook; a mechanic; a dentist; a truck driver; and a house painter, among others.[73]

According to the testimonies of several family members, a group of heavily armed men abducted several people by force. One of the witnesses said that some teenagers were "drinking soda in front of a store when armed men" in two trucks abducted them.[74] The family of one of the kidnapped victims confessed that their loved one was "a teenager without vices or problems," and that the versions of him being part of a cartel are unjust and false.[74] Other families claimed that their loved ones did not have any problems with anybody and were honest workers.[74] Nevertheless, when the cartel members arrested were interrogated by the authorities, they claimed that those killed in the massacre were not innocent, and formed part of Los Torcidos (another name for the Jalisco New Generation Cartel).[75] When asked if they had tortured them, the cartel members replied that they did not.[75] One of the killers confessed that he had plans of leaving the criminal organization but was threatened with death by his own organization if he decided to do so.[75]

Authorities concluded that this massacre was almost a "replica" of what happened two months earlier in Veracruz,[76] and investigators mentioned that this massacre is a response to the killings done by the Matazetas against Los Zetas in the state of Veracruz.[76][77][78]

2012 Jalisco massacres

The chopped-up remains of 18 bodies were found inside a Toyota Sienna and Ford EcoSport near the U.S. retiree communities in Chapala, Jalisco, just south of the city of Guadalajara.[79][80][81] Eighteen heads were found along the dismembered bodies; some had been frozen, others were covered in lime, and the rest were found in an advanced state of decomposition.[82] An anonymous call alerted the police to the abandoned vehicles, which were found by the side of a highway early in the morning on 9 May 2012.[83] They were consequently towed to government offices to unload the bodies.[84] The authorities confirmed that a message was left behind by the killers, presumably from Los Zetas and the Milenio Cartel.[81] The attorney general of the state of Jalisco, Tomás Coronado Olmos, stated that this massacre was a revenge attack for the 23 killed in the 2012 Nuevo Laredo massacres.[85][86] In addition, 25 people were rescued after being kidnapped in Tala, Jalisco on 8 May 2012; the killers had plans to kill and "throw" them for public display.[86] Another 10 people managed to escape their capture by members of Los Zetas that same day, and alerted the local media of the situation.[87] Upon the arrest of the four alleged killers, one of the cartel members confessed that they had plans to "repeat" what had happened in the 2011 Guadalajara massacre, where 26 bodies were dumped in a major avenue for public display.[88]

According to Proceso magazine, Los Zetas were planning to kill 50 people on 9 May 2012, a day before Mother's Day.[89]

Fight against Knights Templar

CJNG declares war on the Knights Templar Cartel.

On 21 March 2012, the Matazetas uploaded a video on the Blog del Narco. The recording, which is slightly over four minutes, shows several men dressed in black, with ski-masks and heavily armed; some of them (apparently the leaders) were sitting down at a table—like it has been observed in other videos of the CJNG.[90] In the communiqué, the men said that they will "clean up the states of Guerrero and Michoacán," and informed the federal government, the Armed Forces, and the Federal Police that the CJNG has no problems with them.[91] Then they went on to say that the Jalisco New Generation Cartel was going to start a turf war "against the Knights Templar Cartel, who were reportedly "abusing of innocent people" and operating through "kidnappings, extortion, protection racketeering, property theft, and rape."[91]

2012 Michoacán massacres

Following the message of the Matazetas to eradicate the Knights Templar Cartel in the state of Michoacán, 21 bodies have been found throughout several different municipalities of the state as of 12 April 2012.[92] At the location of the executions, the authorities discovered cardboards signed by the CJNG.[92]

2012 Nuevo Laredo massacres

17 April 2012 massacre

Dismembered remains of 14 men were found in several plastic bags inside a Chrysler Voyager in the border city of Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, on 17 April 2012.[93] All of those killed were between the ages of 30 and 35.[94] Officials stated that they found a "message signed by a criminal group," but they did not release the content of the note,[95] nor if those killed were members of Los Zetas or of the Gulf Cartel.[96] CNNMéxico stated that the message left behind by the criminal group said that they were going to "clean up Nuevo Laredo" by killing Zeta members.[97] The Monitor newspaper, however, said that a source outside of law enforcement but with direct knowledge of the attacks stated the 14 bodies belonged to members of Los Zetas who had been killed by the Jalisco New Generation Cartel, now a branch of the Sinaloa Cartel.[98] Following the attacks, the Sinaloa cartel's kingpin, Joaquín Guzmán Loera—better known as El Chapo Guzmán—sent a message to Los Zetas that they will fight for the control of the Nuevo Laredo plaza.[99] The message read the following:

"We have begun to clear Nuevo Laredo of Zetas because we want a free city and so you can live in peace. We are narcotics traffickers and we don't mess with honest working or business people. I'm going to teach these scums to work Sinaloa style—without kidnapping, without payoffs, without extortion. As for you, 40, I tell you that you don't scare me. I know you sent H to toss heads here in my turf, because you don't have the stones nor the people to do it yourself. Don't forget that I'm your true father."
— Joaquín Guzmán Loera, (El Chapo)[100]

Nuevo Laredo is considered a stronghold of Los Zetas,[101] although there were incursions by the Sinaloa Cartel in March 2012.[102][103] Consequently, Los Zetas responded two days later with incursions to Sinaloa, the homestate of the Sinaloa Cartel.[104] The Sinaloa Cartel's first attempt to take over Nuevo Laredo happened in 2005, when Los Zetas was working as the armed wing of the Gulf Cartel.[105]

InSight Crime analysis

The "40" in the message is a reference to Miguel Treviño Morales, a top leader of Los Zetas based in Nuevo Laredo, and longtime adversary of El Chapo Guzmán. The "H" is presumably Héctor Beltrán Leyva, the last remaining brother of the Beltrán Leyva Cartel.[106] The Beltrán Leyva organization, unlike the Zetas, has presence in Sinaloa state, and would probably have an easier time attacking the Sinaloa Cartel on its own turf. The message does not mention the fact that the Gulf Cartel is probably supporting the Sinaloa Cartel in carrying out the executions.[106] In addition, the banner suggests that the alliance between Los Zetas and the Beltrán Leyva Cartel remains intact as of 2012 despite the losses it lived in 2008. The message also suggests the differences in the modus operandi of Los Zetas and the Sinaloa Cartel, because as authors of InSight Crime allege, the Zetas have a reputation of operating through extortion, kidnappings, robberies, and other illicit activities; in contrast, the Sinaloa Cartel is known simply for drug trafficking. (Both assertions are not wholly true, but often reflect a popular sentiment.) Guzmán attempted to take over Nuevo Laredo after the capture of the Gulf Cartel leader, Osiel Cárdenas Guillén, in 2003.[106]

Nevertheless, Guzmán retreated after a few years of bloody turf wars. The Sinaloa Cartel's return to Nuevo Laredo, however, was seen again in March 2012 after Guzmán reportedly left several corpses and a message heralding his return.[103] According to the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Nuevo Laredo is the busiest border crossing in terms of truck crossings with over 1.7 million trucks a year, more than double than any other crossing on the Mexico–United States border.[107] Nuevo Laredo is the fourth-busiest border crossing in terms of passenger vehicles.[107] Patrick Corcoran of InSight Crime believes that the turf war in Nuevo Laredo will bring a huge wave of violence, but also mentioned that the circumstances have changed since the split of the Gulf Cartel and Los Zetas in early 2010. The current alliance between Guzmán's Sinaloa Cartel and the Gulf Cartel may successfully extract Los Zetas and give El Chapo the upper hand.

And once the Sinaloa Cartel gets established in Nuevo Laredo, it may possibly make moves to control Reynosa and Matamoros, Tamaulipas.[106]

Arrests

On July 13, 2011, operations chief and one of the founders of the organization, Martin Arzola Ortega, was arrested.[108] On August 7, 2012, it was announced that Ortega's successor, Eliot Alberto Radillo Peza, was captured in the Zapopan, Jalisco.[108] At the time of Peza's arrest, it was announced that twelve suspected members of the Jalisco Nueva Generacion cartel, including leaders Martin Arzola and Abundio Mendoza Gaytan, had been arrested since July 2011 on extortion, kidnapping and drug charges.[108]

On 9 March 2012, another founder of the organization, Erick Valencia Salazar, alias El 85, was captured by the Mexican Army along with another high-ranking lieutenant in Zapopan, Jalisco.[109] Their apprehensions prompted over a dozen blockades throughout the city.[109] 26 public transportation buses were burned with gasoline and then used to block the city streets.[110] More than 30 assault rifles, grenades, cartridges, and ammunition magazines were confiscated.[111] Felipe Calderón, the president of Mexico, congratulated the Mexican army for the capture of Erick Valencia Salazar.[112]

The Matazetas (CJNG) later apologized for the blockades by putting up several banners throughout the Guadalajara metropolitan area.[113] They wrote that the blockades were "only a reaction for messing with their CJNG companion," who reportedly dedicated his work to "maintain tranquility in the state of Jalisco."[113] On 18 March 2012, José Guadalupe Serna Padilla, another ranking lieutenant in the cartel, was captured along with another cartel member as well.[114] On 15 April 2012, Marco Antonio Reyes, reported to be the head of the cartel's gunmen,[115] was captured in Veracruz along with five of his associates.[115] The arrests also led to the capture of three other cartel members,[115] including the head of the cartel's operations in the Veracruz cities of Veracruz and Boca del Río.[115]

On 30 January 2014, Mexican authorities arrested Rubén Oseguera González (alias "El Menchito"), the second-in-command in the cartel and the son of Nemesio Oseguera Cervantes, the organization's leader.[116] On 1 May 2015, a Mexican army helicopter was shot at and forced to land in what Jalisco's Governor Aristoteles Sandoval described as "a reaction to an operation to detain leaders of this cartel".[117]

See also

References

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  2. ↑ El Economista (in Spanish), 7 September 2011 http://eleconomista.com.mx/columnas/columna-especial-politica/2011/09/07/resistencia-jalisco-nueva-generacion, retrieved 1 May 2012 Missing or empty |title= (help)
  3. ↑ "Mas sobre de la Guerra de CJNG vs Los Zetas : suman 321 muertos para los zetas y 56 para La Nueva Generación". Blog del Narco (in Spanish). 12 April 2012. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
  4. ↑ "'El Chapo' y Cártel de Jalisco, aliados contra Zetas: (defeated By Cartel Jalisco) Stratfor". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 19 April 2012. Retrieved 22 April 2012.
  5. ↑ "Mexico Nabs Boss of Cartel Linked to "Chapo" Guzman". Borderland Beat. 26 February 2012. Retrieved 9 March 2012.
  6. ↑ "New group identified in Guadalajara". U.S. Open Borders. 10 December 2011. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
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  8. ↑ Corcoran, Patrick. "How Arrest of Gang Leader Sparked Chaos in Guadalajara". Insight Crime. Retrieved 13 March 2012.
  9. ↑ "'Chapo' y Cártel de Jalisco, aliados contra Zetas: Stratfor". El Universal (in Spanish). 19 April 2012. Retrieved 22 April 2012.
  10. ↑ "Viernes negro en Nuevo Laredo: 23 muertos". El Informador (in Spanish). 5 May 2012. Retrieved 5 May 2012.
  11. 1 2 De Córdoba, José (29 September 2011). "Mexico Fears Rise of Vigilante Justice". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 9 July 2012.
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  13. 1 2 "Polarization and Sustained Violence in Mexico's Cartel War". InterAmerican Security Watch. 26 January 2012. Retrieved 9 March 2012.
  14. 1 2 "Cayó líder del 'Cártel de Jalisco Nueva Generación'". Univision (in Spanish). 15 July 2011. Retrieved 10 May 2012.
  15. ↑ Cartels unite in the fight against Los Zetas 20 September 2011
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  25. ↑ "Mexico gunmen abandon two trucks with 35 bodies inside". BBC News. 21 September 2011. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
  26. 1 2 3 "Veracruz: tiran a 35 ejecutados en zona turística". El Universal (in Spanish). 21 September 2011. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
  27. 1 2 Castillo, Eduardo (21 September 2011). "Mexico Horror: Suspected Drug Traffickers Dump 35 Bodies On Avenue In Veracruz". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
  28. ↑ "Arrojan 35 cuerpos torturados en una calle de Veracruz". El Mundo (in Spanish). 21 September 2011. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
  29. ↑ "En Veracruz tiran a 40 ejecutados; narcomantas señalan que muertos son de Los Zetas". Blog del Narco (in Spanish). 21 September 2011. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
  30. ↑ Booth, William (21 September 2011). "35 bodies dumped in Mexican city as president begins effort to woo tourists". The Washington Post. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
  31. 1 2 3 4 5 "Comando armado se responsabiliza por cádaveres arrojados en Veracruz". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 27 September 2011. Retrieved 11 March 2012.
  32. ↑ "Se disculpan 'Los Matazetas' por ejecutados en Veracruz". Terra Networks (in Spanish). 26 September 2011. Retrieved 11 March 2012.
  33. 1 2 "Un grupo autodenominado Los Mata Zetas reivindica la matanza de Veracruz". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 28 September 2011. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
  34. 1 2 "Video: Narcocomunicado de Los Mata-Zetas". Blog del Narco (in Spanish). 26 September 2011. Retrieved 11 March 2012.
  35. ↑ "Marina reporta el hallazgo de 32 cuerpos en Veracruz; la Procuraduría, 4". CNN Mexico (in Spanish). 6 October 2011.
  36. 1 2 "Mexico: 32 Bodies Are Found in Veracruz Houses". Los Angeles Times. 7 October 2011. Retrieved 10 May 2012.
  37. ↑ "Son 36 los cadáveres hallados en Veracruz". Televisa (in Spanish). 7 October 2011. Retrieved 10 May 2012.
  38. ↑ "El procurador de Veracruz renuncia a su cargo tras una ola de violencia". CNNMéxico (in Spanish). 7 October 2011. Retrieved 10 May 2012.
  39. ↑ Soberanes, Rodrigo (8 October 2011). "Otros 10 cadáveres son encontrados en el estado de Veracruz". CNNMéxico (in Spanish). Retrieved 21 March 2012.
  40. ↑ "Caen 'Matazetas' ligados a cadáveres en Veracruz". Terra Networks (in Spanish). 7 October 2011. Retrieved 11 March 2012.
  41. ↑ "Suma 100 muertos Veracruz en tan sólo 18 días". Terra Networks (in Spanish). 9 October 2011. Retrieved 21 March 2012.
  42. ↑ "Fortalecer a policías locales, la clave en el nuevo operativo en Veracruz". CNN México (in Spanish). 4 October 2012. Retrieved 7 April 2012.
  43. ↑ "Veracruz, paraíso amenazado por el 'narco'". Grupo SIPSE (in Spanish). 20 October 2011. Retrieved 7 April 2012.
  44. 1 2 3 4 5 "Las 5 claves del operativo Veracruz Seguro". El Universal (in Spanish). 5 October 2011. Retrieved 7 April 2012.
  45. ↑ "Hallan otros siete cuerpos en Veracruz". El Universal (in Spanish). 8 October 2012. Retrieved 7 April 2012.
  46. ↑ "Deja 16 muertos ataque a autobuses en Veracruz". El Informador (in Spanish). 22 December 2011. Retrieved 7 April 2012.
  47. ↑ "3 Texans among those killed in Veracruz attacks". The Houston Chronicle. 24 December 2011. Retrieved 7 April 2012.
  48. ↑ "PGJE indaga ataque a autobuses en Veracruz". El Universal (in Spanish). 22 December 2012. Retrieved 7 April 2012.
  49. ↑ Chapa, Sergio (22 December 2012). "Consulate issues emergency warning after deadly bus attack". KGBT-TV. Retrieved 7 April 2012.
  50. ↑ "Autoridades de Veracruz encuentran 10 cuerpos en el norte del estado". CNNMéxico (in Spanish). 23 December 2011. Retrieved 7 April 2012.
  51. ↑ "Hallan en camino vecinal de Veracruz los cuerpos de otras 10 personas asesinadas". La Jornada (in Spanish). 24 December 2011. Retrieved 7 April 2012.
  52. ↑ "Hallan 10 cuerpos decapitados en Veracruz". Univision (in Spanish). 23 December 2012. Retrieved 7 April 2012.
  53. ↑ "Archivo/Debate Hallan cuerpo de edil Tampico Alto, al norte de Ver. Con Loret de Mola". XEKAM-AM (in Spanish). 3 March 2011. Retrieved 5 May 2012.
  54. 1 2 Chapa, Sergio (25 December 2011). "13 bodies found inside 18-wheeler near Tampico". KGBT-TV. Retrieved 7 April 2012.
  55. ↑ "Provino de Veracruz una nueva matanza". El Universal (in Spanish). 26 December 2011. Retrieved 7 April 2012.
  56. ↑ "Marina: van 15 cadáveres en "narcofosas" de Acayucan". Milenio (in Spanish). 4 February 2012. Retrieved 7 April 2012.
  57. ↑ "Operativo Veracruz Seguro empieza a superar inseguridad: FCH". Excélsior (in Spanish). 18 March 2012. Retrieved 7 April 2012.
  58. ↑ "Asegura Calderón que declinan homicidios dolosos en Veracruz". La Jornada (in Spanish). 19 March 2012. Retrieved 7 April 2012.
  59. ↑ "Policías navales encuentran los cuerpos de tres fotógrafos en Veracruz". CNNMéxico (in Spanish). 3 May 2012. Retrieved 4 May 2012.
  60. ↑ "3 journalists slain in Mexico's Veracruz state". KRGV-TV. 3 May 2012. Retrieved 4 May 2012.
  61. 1 2 "3 Mexico journalists slain, dumped in bags in drug gang-plagued Veracruz". CBS News. 3 May 2012. Retrieved 4 May 2012.
  62. ↑ Zumdio, Ismael (15 August 2012). "Cártel de Jalisco Nueva Generación asesinó a periodistas: PGJ-Veracruz". Milenio (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 15 August 2012. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
  63. ↑ "Las autoridades de Sinaloa localizan 23 cadáveres en tres municipios". CNN Mexico (in Spanish). 23 November 2011. Retrieved 24 November 2011.
  64. 1 2 3 4 "26 muertos en Sinaloa; 16 fueron calcinados". El Universal (in Spanish). 24 November 2011. Retrieved 5 May 2012.
  65. ↑ "Stratfor avizora más violencia". El Economista (in Spanish). 4 December 2011. Retrieved 11 March 2012.
  66. ↑ "Zetas Invade Sinaloa and Jalisco". Borderland Beat. 28 November 2011. Retrieved 11 March 2012.
  67. ↑ "Mexico Security Memo: Los Zetas Strike in Sinaloa Territory". Stratfor. Retrieved 11 March 2012.
  68. ↑ "26 cadáveres son abandonados en camionetas, en una avenida de Guadalajara". CNN Mexico (in Spanish). 24 November 2011. Retrieved 24 November 2011.
  69. ↑ "26 bodies dumped in mass slaying in Guadalajara". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved 24 November 2011.
  70. 1 2 3 "Hallan al menos 20 cadáveres en Guadalajara". El Universal (in Spanish). 24 November 2011. Retrieved 5 May 2012.
  71. ↑ "El Cártel del Milenio y Los Zetas se atribuyen masacre en Guadalajara". Univision (in Spanish). Retrieved 25 November 2011.
  72. ↑ "Las autoridades de Jalisco detienen a tres por la muerte de 26 personas". CNNMéxico (in Spanish). 7 December 2011. Retrieved 10 May 2012.
  73. 1 2 "Seis de las 26 víctimas en Guadalajara tenían antecedentes penales". CNNMéxico (in Spanish). 25 November 2011. Retrieved 10 May 2012.
  74. 1 2 3 "Los familiares identifican a las víctimas en Guadalajara". CNNMéxico (in Spanish). 25 November 2011. Retrieved 10 May 2012.
  75. 1 2 3 "Matanza en Guadalajara: más datos, más sospechas". Proceso (in Spanish). 22 December 2011. Retrieved 10 May 2012.
  76. 1 2 "Hallan 26 cadáveres en tres vehículos en Guadalajara". El Universal (in Spanish). 24 November 2011. Retrieved 11 March 2012.
  77. ↑ "Ligan al cártel del Milenio-Z con hallazgo de 26 cuerpos en Guadalajara". Proceso (in Spanish). 24 November 2011. Retrieved 11 March 2012.
  78. ↑ "Guadalajara: Posible guerra Zetas-cartel Sinaloa deja 26 muertos". Yahoo News (in Spanish). 24 November 2011. Retrieved 11 March 2012.
  79. ↑ "Narcoviolencia vuelve a Jalisco; hallan 18 cuerpos en dos vehículos". Excélsior (in Spanish). 10 May 2012. Retrieved 10 May 2012.
  80. ↑ "At least 15 bodies found near U.S. retiree hamlet in Mexico". Los Angeles Times. 9 May 2012. Retrieved 10 May 2012.
  81. 1 2 "Dejan a 15 ejecutados en una camioneta en Jalisco". Blog del Narco (in Spanish). 9 May 2012. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
  82. ↑ Looft, Christopher (10 May 2012). "With 18 Killed, Zetas Bring Nuevo Laredo War to Jalisco". InSight Crime. Retrieved 11 May 2012.
  83. ↑ "Fifteen decapitated in apparent Mexico revenge attack". Yahoo! News. 9 May 2012. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
  84. ↑ "Mexican police discover at least 15 dismembered bodies near Guadalajara". The Guardian. London. 9 May 2012. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
  85. ↑ "Suman 18 los muertos encontrados en Chapala, Jalisco: Procuraduría". Proceso (in Spanish). 9 May 2012. Retrieved 11 May 2012.
  86. 1 2 "Descuartizados son en respuesta a los de Nuevo Laredo – Procurador". Blog del Narco (in Spanish). 9 May 2012. Retrieved 10 May 2012.
  87. ↑ "15 butchered bodies recovered near U.S. retiree communities on Lake Chapala". The Houston Chronicle. 9 May 2012. Retrieved 10 May 2012.
  88. ↑ "Jalisco: caen 4 ligados al hallazgo de 18 cuerpos". Milenio (in Spanish). 12 May 2012. Retrieved 12 May 2012.
  89. ↑ "Los Zetas planeaban asesinar a 50 el Día de las Madres". Proceso (in Spanish). 11 May 2012. Retrieved 12 May 2012.
  90. ↑ "Narco-Response" to the Knights of Templar from CJNG". Borderland Beat. 21 March 2012. Retrieved 23 March 2012.
  91. 1 2 "Video: Narco-comunicado del Cártel de Jalisco Nueva Generación". Blog del Narco (in Spanish). 21 March 2012. Retrieved 23 March 2012.
  92. 1 2 "Hay guerra CJNG vs los Templarios en Michoacan, 16 ejecuciones se adjudican al CJNG". Blog del Narco (in Spanish). 12 April 2012. Retrieved 16 April 2012.
  93. ↑ "Mexico authorities say bodies of 14 men dumped in Nuevo Laredo". Los Angeles Times. 17 April 2012. Retrieved 18 April 2012.
  94. ↑ "Localizan 14 cadáveres dentro de vehículo abandonado en Nuevo Laredo". Milenio (in Spanish). 17 April 2012. Retrieved 18 April 2012.
  95. ↑ "14 mutilated bodies found in Mexican border city". El Paso Times. 17 April 2012. Retrieved 18 April 2012.
  96. ↑ Mosso, Rubén (18 April 2012). "Nuevo Laredo: hallan 14 cuerpos mutilados". Milenio (in Spanish). Retrieved 18 April 2012.
  97. ↑ "14 cuerpos mutilados fueron hallados en Nuevo Laredo". CNNMéxico (in Spanish). 17 April 2012. Retrieved 18 April 2012.
  98. ↑ "14 bodies found in minivan outside Nuevo Laredo City Hall, according to Tamps. gov't". The Monitor. 17 April 2012. Retrieved 18 April 2012.
  99. ↑ "El Chapo demuestra su poder en Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas". Blog del Narco (in Spanish). 18 April 2012. Retrieved 18 April 2012.
  100. ↑ Schiller, Dane (18 April 2012). "Drug lord "El Chapo" declares war on Zetas". The Houston Chronicle. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
  101. ↑ "Mexican authorities find 14 dead in Nuevo Laredo". Borderland Beat. 17 April 2012. Retrieved 18 April 2012.
  102. ↑ "El Chapo Guzmán comienza limpia de Los Zetas en Tamaulipas". Blog del Narco (in Spanish). 26 March 2012. Retrieved 18 April 2012.
  103. 1 2 Corcoran, Patrick (28 March 2012). "'Narcomantas' Herald Chapo's Incursion into Mexico Border State". InSight Crime. Retrieved 18 April 2012.
  104. ↑ Martinez, Chivis (28 March 2012). "Z40 Answers Chapo by Leaving His Own Butchery and Message". Borderland Beat. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
  105. ↑ Schiller, Dane (18 April 2012). "Is 'El Chapo' back in border city of Nuevo Laredo?". The Houston Chronicle. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
  106. 1 2 3 4 Corcoran, Patrick (23 April 2012). "Bodies, Banner Herald Sinaloa Cartel's Push East". InSight Crime. Retrieved 24 April 2012.
  107. 1 2 "Border Crossing/Entry Data: Quick Search by Rankings". Bureau of Transportation Statistics. Retrieved 24 April 2012.
  108. 1 2 3 http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/news/2012/08/07/federal-police-arrests-cartel-boss-in-western-mexico/
  109. 1 2 "Cae en operativo "el 85", líder del cártel de Jalisco Nueva Generación". Milenio (in Spanish). 9 March 2012. Retrieved 10 March 2012.
  110. ↑ "Erick Valencia, el detenido que causó los bloqueos en Guadalajara". CNNMéxico (in Spanish). 10 March 2011. Retrieved 11 March 2012.
  111. ↑ "Capturan a Erick Valencia Salazar, líder del Cártel de Jalisco". CNN en Español (in Spanish). 9 March 2012. Retrieved 10 March 2012.
  112. ↑ "El presidente felicita al Ejército por captura de un capo en Jalisco". CNNMéxico (in Spanish). 11 March 2012. Retrieved 12 March 2012.
  113. 1 2 "Ofrece CJNG "disculpas" por bloqueos con narcomantas". Terra Networks (in Spanish). 14 March 2012. Retrieved 21 March 2012.
  114. ↑ E. Eduardo Castillo (19 March 2012). "Mexican cartel says no violence during papal visit". Associated Press. Retrieved 5 April 2012.
  115. 1 2 3 4 "Drug Cartel Members Arrested in Eastern Mexico". Latin American Herald Tribune. Retrieved 18 April 2012.
  116. ↑ Mosso, Rubén (30 January 2014). "Cae 'El Menchito', segundo mando del cártel de Jalisco". Milenio (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 30 January 2014. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
  117. ↑ "Mexican army helicopter shot at in drug cartel attack". BBC News. 1 May 2015.
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