Clinical nutrition

Clinical nutrition is nutrition of patients in health care. Clinical in this sense refers to the management of patients, including not only outpatients at clinics, but also (and mainly) inpatients in hospitals. It incorporates primarily the scientific fields of nutrition and dietetics. It aims to keep a healthy energy balance in patients, as well as providing sufficient amounts other nutrients such as protein, vitamins, minerals.

Methods of nutrition

Among the routes of administration, the preferred means of nutrition is, if possible, oral administration. Alternatives include enteral administration (in nasogastric feeding) and intravenous (in parenteral nutrition).

Clinical malnutrition

In the field of clinical nutrition, malnutrition has causes, epidemiology and management distinct from those associated with malnutrition that is mainly related to poverty.

The main causes of clinical malnutrition are:

Clinical malnutrition may also be aggravated by iatrogenic factors, i.e., the inability of a health care entity to appropriately compensate for causes of malnutrition.

There are various definitions of clinical malnutrition. According to one of them, patients are defined as severely undernourished when meeting at least one of the following criteria: BMI < or = 20 kg/m2 and/or > or = 5% unintentional weight loss in the past month and/or > or = 10% unintentional weight loss in the past 6 months. By the same system, the patient is moderately undernourished if they met at least one of the following criteria: BMI 20.1–22 kg/m2 and/or 5-10% unintentional weight loss in the past six months.[1]

See also

Journals

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition is the highest-ranked journal in ISI's nutrition category.[2]

Notes and references

  1. ↑ Kruizenga HM, de Vet HC, Van Marissing CM, et al. (2010). "The SNAQ(RC), an easy traffic light system as a first step in the recognition of undernutrition in residential care". J Nutr Health Aging. 14 (2): 83–9. doi:10.1007/s12603-009-0147-1. PMID 20126953.
  2. ↑ "Advertising in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition". Retrieved June 18, 2009.
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