Constantine I of Kakheti

Constantine I (Georgian: კონსტანტინე I) or Constantine Khan (კონსტანტინე ხანი) (1567 – October 22, 1605), of the Bagrationi Dynasty, was a king of Kakheti in eastern Georgia from March to October 1605.

A son of King Alexander II of Kakheti by his wife Tinatin née Amilakhvari, Constantine was taken in his childhood to Persia where he was converted to Islam, brought up at the court,^[1] and lived for many years. When envoys from his father Alexander II, Simon I of Kartli, and Manuchir II of Samtskhe arrived at the Safavid court between 1596 and 1597 with many gifts, including slave boys and girls, Constantine entertained them.^[1] He served as a darugha (prefect) of the royal city of Qazvin and then of Isfahan (1602–1603). In 1604, Shah Abbas I of Persia appointed him as the governor and commander of Shirvan to fight the Ottoman forces there, and ordered him to secure the Kakhetian participation in the campaign. As Alexander II was reluctant to engage in this conflict, Constantine, accompanied by a sizable Persian entourage, arrived in Kakheti, being honorably met by his father and elder brother George at a camp near the town of Zagem (Bazari).

On March 12, 1605, during the negotiations, Constantine murdered Alexander and George, and declared himself King of Kakheti. However, his subjects refused to recognize a patricide and revolted. The rebellion was led by Ketevan, widow of Constantine’s brother David I, who requested aid from his relative King George X of Kartli. Constantine succeeded in bribing some of the rebel nobles, and, on the shah’s order, led a combined Kakhetian-Qizilbash army against Shirvan. During the protracted siege of Shemakha, the Kakhetian auxiliaries revolted and made Constantine flee. The rebels sent emissaries to Shah Abbas and pledged loyalty provided that Abbas confirmed their candidate, Ketevan’s son Teimuraz, as a Christian king of Kakheti. Meanwhile, the Kartlian forces under Prince Papuna Amilakhvari intervened and inflicted a decisive defeat on Constantine’s army on October 22, 1605. Constantine was killed in battle, and Abbas was forced to acknowledge Teimuraz as a king.^[2][3]

According to the recently discovered chronicle by Fażli Ḵuzāni, a contemporary Persian official and historian, Constantine married, c. 1604, his own niece, a daughter of Mohammed Khan, an influential Qizilbash chieftain, who was married to a daughter of Alexander II. Mohammed Khan's son, Bektash (who was therefore both Constantine's brother-in-law and cousin^[4]), accompanied Constantine to Kakheti and later became the province's ruler until being overthrown in a rebellion led by Davit Jandieri in 1615.

See also

• Iranian Georgians

Ancestry

Ancestors of Constantine I of Kakheti

16. Alexander I of Kakheti               8. George II of Kakheti                       17. Ana Irubakidze-Cholokashvili               4. Levan of Kakheti                             9. Helene Irubakidze-Cholokashvili                       2. Alexander II of Kakheti                                   20. Giorgi I Gurieli               10. Mamia I Gurieli                       5. Tinatin Gurieli                             1. Constantine I                                         24. Mamisa Amilakhvari               12. Taqa Amilakhvari                       25. Gulkan N.               6. Bardzim Amilakhvari                             26. Zaza Panaskerteli-Tsitsishvili               13. Olympia Panaskerteli-Tsitsishvili                       3. Tinatin Amilakhvari

References

1. Floor & Herzig 2012, p. 474.
2. (Russian) Вахушти Багратиони (Vakhushti Bagrationi) (1745). История царства грузинского. Возникновение и жизнь Кахети и Эрети. Ч.1 at the Wayback Machine (archived September 5, 2010). Accessed October 5, 2007.
3. Suny, Ronald Grigor (1994), The Making of the Georgian Nation: 2nd edition, p. 50. Indiana University Press, ISBN 0-253-20915-3
4. Floor & Herzig 2012, p. 478.

Sources

• Floor, Willem; Herzig, Edmund (2012). Iran and the World in the Safavid Age. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-1850439301.
• Nasiri, Ali Naqi; Floor, Willem M. (2008). Titles and Emoluments in Safavid Iran: A Third Manual of Safavid Administration. Mage Publishers. p. 286. ISBN 978-1933823232.