Cycling records

This is a list of certified and recognized cycling records as recognised by the Union Cycliste Internationale, International Human Powered Vehicle Association and World Human Powered Vehicle Association, Guinness World Records, International Olympic Committee, the UK Road Records Association or other accepted authorities.

Speed record on a bicycle

The table below shows the records people have attained while riding two-wheeled bicycles.

Name Year Speed Type of record
Fred Rompelberg 1990 268 km/h (167 mph) Flat surface, motor-paced
Bruce Bursford 1996 334.6 km/h (207.9 mph) Pedaling on a bicycle treadmill (rollers) after being "towed" to 100 mph, on a custom made £1,000,000 bicycle[1]
Eric Barone 2000 222 km/h (138 mph) Downhill on snow, on a prototype bicycle[2]
Eric Barone 2002 172 km/h (107 mph) Downhill on a volcano, on a prototype bicycle[3]
Markus Stöckl 2007 210.4 km/h (130.7 mph) Downhill on snow, on a serial production bicycle[4]
Barbara Buatois 2010 121.81 km/h (75.69 mph) Faired Recumbent, Flat surface, unpaced[5]
Markus Stöckl 2011 164.95 km/h (102.50 mph) Downhill on a volcano, on a serial production bicycle.[6]
Todd Reichert 2016 144.17 km/h (89.58 mph) Faired Recumbent, Flat surface, unpaced[7]

History of unpaced records

The International Human Powered Vehicle Association (IHPVA) acts as the sanctioning body for new records in human-powered land, water, and air vehicles. It registers non-motor-paced records (also called unpaced), which means that the bicycle directly faces the wind without any motor-pacing vehicle in front.

On land, the speed record registered by a rider on a 200-meter flying start speed trial was 133.28 km/h (82.82 mph) by the Canadian Sam Whittingham riding the Varna Tempest, a streamliner recumbent bicycle in 2009.[8] at Battle Mountain, Nevada. His record has been surpassed by 0.5 km/h by Sebastiaan Bowier of the Netherlands in 2013 setting the new record of 133.78 km/h (83.13 mph). The record was again surpassed on 19 September 2015 by Todd Reichert by riding the ETA, a streamlined recumbent bicycle at 86.65 mph or 139.45 km/h from the team behind the AeroVelo Atlas human-powered helicopter.[9][10] Todd Reichert broke his own record again on September 17, 2016 to set a speed of 89.58 mph, or 144.17 kph at the 2016 WHPSC. [7]

The female record holder for this same category was Lisa Vetterlein, who reached 107.16 km/h (66.59 mph) in 2005.[11] This record was beaten by Barbara Buatois of France, when she reached 121.44 km/h (75.46 mph) at Battle Mountain in 2009.[8] She subsequently achieved 121.81 km/h (75.69 mph) at the 2010 running of the Battle Mountain event.[5]

History of motor-paced records

Main article: Motor-paced racing

Motor pacing is a type of human-powered record where a pace vehicle is modified by adding a tail fairing to keep the wind off the cyclist who is riding behind it. This type of record was invented by Charles "Mile-a-Minute Murphy" who drafted a train to set a 96 km/h (60 mph) record at end of the 19th century. A mile of plywood sheets was attached to the railroad ties, so Charles would have a smooth surface riding behind the train.[12][13]

In 1928, Leon Vanderstuyft from Belgium reached 122 km/h riding behind a motorbike at a velodrome.[13] Alexis Blanc-Garin from France set the record to 128.20 km/h in October 1933 riding behind a motorbike.[14] Albert Marquet, from France, reached 139.90 km/h riding behind a car in 1937.[15] On 22 October 1938, Alfred Letourneur reached 147 km/h at a velodrome in Montlhéry, France, riding behind a motorbike.[16] On 17 May 1941 Letourneur broke the record again, reaching 175 km/h (108.92 mph) on a Schwinn bicycle riding behind a specially equipped midget racer, on a Los Angeles freeway near Bakersfield, California.[17]

The first to surpass 200 km/h was the Frenchman Jose Meiffret in 1962, when he reached 204 km/h (127 mph) behind a Mercedes-Benz 300SL car on a German motorway.[18]

Allan Abbott, a cycling enthusiast and motorcycle racer, elevated the motor-paced bicycle speed record at the Bonneville Salt Flats, reaching 223 km/h (139 mph) in 1973. John Howard, Olympic cyclist and Ironman triathlon winner, reset the record to 244 km/h (152 mph), also at the Bonneville Salt Flats, on 20 July 1985.

Fred Rompelberg from Maastricht, Netherlands is the current holder of the motor-paced speed world record cycling with 268.831 km/h (166.9 mph) since 1995. He used a special bicycle behind a dragster of the Strasburg Drag Racing Team at the Bonneville Salt Flats.

Denise Mueller claimed a women's bicycle land speed record at 147 mph (237 km/h) at the Bonneville Salt Flats on 10 September 2016. Mueller was coached by former record holder John Howard. It is not clear which authority was supervising the record attempt.[19]

History of downhill records

During the last decade of the 20th century, two Frenchmen, Eric Barone and Christian Taillefer, set the speed record descending on snow several times. On 28 March 2015, Eric Barone reached 223.3 km/h (138.8 mph) at Vars ski resort, France, beting his own record from 2000, using a specially designed prototype bicycle.[20]

If we analyze records using a serial production bicycle, as opposed to prototype bicycles, the record holder is Markus Stöckl from Austria. He set a world speed record in 1999 on snow, descending at 187 km/h (116 mph) at Les Arcs. On 14 September 2007, Stöckl rode an Intense M6 mountainbike down the ski slope of La Parva, Chile, reaching the current record of 210 km/h (130 mph).

The top descending speeds have always been obtained on snow. Apart from that, the ashes of a volcano have been the other surface used. In November 2001, Eric Barone descended on the Cerro Negro volcano in Nicaragua at 130 km/h (81 mph), beating his previous record achieved in Hawaii in 1999. Barone believed he could do more, and returned to the same location on 12 May 2002 when he reached 163 km/h (101 mph) on a serial production bicycle and 172 km/h (107 mph), on a prototype bicycle, a world record.[13] Markus Stöckl did beat the serial production bicycle record in 2011, when he reached 164.95 km/h (102.50 mph) on a volcano in Nicaragua.[6] The prototype bicycle record, on a volcano, still belongs to Barone.

Hour records

Main article: Hour record

The hour record for bicycles is the record for the longest distance cycled in one hour on a bicycle. The most famous type of record is for upright bicycles meeting the requirements of the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI). Hour-record attempts are made in a velodrome, frequently at high elevation for the aerodynamic benefit of thinner air. Between 1997 and 2014 the UCI retrospectively restricted hour record competitors to roughly the same equipment as was used by Eddy Merckx in his 1972 record. In 2014, the UCI changed the hour record rules to permit using any upright bike allowed for endurance track events. However, other retrospective changes to hour record regulations are why the current hour records are not the farthest absolute distance.[21][22]

The current UCI hour records are:

Another type of record registered by the International Human Powered Vehicle Association (IHPVA) is for human-powered machines, typically streamlined recumbent bicycles. These feature a lower frontal area than a UCI bicycle due to their recumbent seating design of the rider. They enclose the rider and machine in aerodynamic shapes made of carbon fiber, Kevlar, or Fiberglass to reduce air resistance.

24 Hours record

Men's Road record

Women's Road record

Men's track record

Women's track record

Long-distance records

Land's End to John O'Groats

Land's End to John O'Groats is the traversal of the whole length of the island of Great Britain between two extremities; in the southwest and northeast. The distance by road using the traditional route is 874 miles (1,407 km) and some of its current records are:

Land's End to John O'Groats to Land's End

Ben Rocket claims to have set a record of 141h 8m 0s [45][46] for an upright bicycle from Land's End to John O'Groats to Land's End, being the return journey of Land's End to John O'Groats. The distance by road using the traditional route is 1,748 miles (2,813 km). The precise route he took is not clear as his website says the distance ridden was 1,880 miles (3,030 km).[45] Its status as a record however is dubious as the Road Record Association does not maintain a record for the return trip [43] and no other authority has recognised or certified the record.

One Thousand miles

On 13 March 1940 Pat Hawkins set the 'World 1,000 mile record' in Perth, having ridden the 1,000 miles (1,600 km) distance in 4 days, 8 hours and 7 minutes, cutting 9 hours 53 minutes off Vera Unthank's record.[47]

Ultra Marathon

Race Across America, an ultra marathon bicycle race across the United States that started in 1982. The fastest average speed records are:

Seven days

On Sunday 17 March 1940 Pat Hawkins, an 18-year-old female from Western Australia, set the 'World Seven Days record' in Perth, having ridden 1,546.8 miles (2,489.3 km) to surpass the previous best (1,438.4 miles (2,314.9 km)) set by Mrs Valda [or Ada Vera] Unthank of Hastings, Victoria. Hawkins also broke the West Australian records for one, two, three, four, five, six and seven days, plus surpassing the Australian professional men's record of Ossie Nicholson.[47] No authority appears to maintain this record, however notable distances ridden in seven days include:

One month

There have been numerous claims about the most distance ridden in one month. There are only 2 authorities currently recognising this record, Guinness World Records and UltraMarathon Cycling Association. Notable distances ridden in one month include:

World Endurance record for distance in a calendar year

Men's record

In 1911 the weekly magazine Cycling began a competition for the highest number of 100 mile rides or "centuries" in a single year.[58] The winner was Marcel Planes with 332 centuries in which he covered 34,366 miles (55,307 km).[58] The inspiration for the competition was said to be the efforts of Harry Long, a commercial traveller who rode a bicycle on his rounds covering every part of England and Scotland and who covered 25,376 miles (40,839 km) in 1910.[58] The world record for distance cycled in a year began in an era when bicycle companies competed to show their machines were the most reliable. The record has been officially established nine times.[59] A tenth claim, by the English rider Ken Webb in 1972, was disallowed.[n 2] Apart from the 1911 competition organised by Cycling, there were no authority that set rules for record attempts nor certified the mileage ridden by the rider.[60] In 1937 the League of Victorian Wheelmen declined a request by Ossie Nicholson for patronage for his attempt on the record and Nicholson's response was to appoint a committee to supervise his attempt.[61] The mileage was traditionally verified by way of a sealed milometer and cards signed by upstanding members of society such as police officers or postmasters.[62]

In November 2014 the UltraMarathon Cycling Association announced that it would recognise a new record category for the highest annual mileage in a year,[63] and set rules for the record.[60] All of the previous record holders from Marcel Planes to Tommy Godwin rode a double-triangle diamond frame bicycle and their ride commenced on 1 January. The UltraMarathon Cycling Association decided however to permit any bike type except for faired recumbents and that an attempt may start on any day of the year and would run for 365 consecutive days. Odometers and cards were replaced by GPS recording and live tracking devices such as the SPOT Satellite Messenger.[60]

In 2015, three cyclists commenced an attempt than the record set by Tommy Godwin. Briton Steve Abraham.[64] started his attempt on 1 January 2015, American Kurt Searvogel,[65] nicknamed Tarzan, started 10 January 2015 and Australian Miles Smith started on 18 June 2015.[66] Abraham was hit by a moped rider on 29 March 2015, breaking his leg above the ankle.[67] After two weeks' recovery, Abraham resumed cycling gradually, using just one leg to pedal a recumbent trike.[68] Abraham rode 63,568 miles (102,303 km) in his calendar year attempt.[54] Having lost so much distance, Abraham launched a concurrent attempt on the record starting on 8 August 2015.[66] however announced on 22 January 2016 that he had ended his concurrent attempt.[69] Smith ceased his attempt on 13 November 2015.[54] Searvogel managed to overcome weather, injury and also married his one-woman support crew Alicia Searvogel, breaking Godwin's mark with five days to spare.[66][56][70][71] Cycling Weekly reported a surprising number of people were less than charitable about Searvogel's amazing feat.[72] Searvogel planned his attempt to hit his final mileage of 76,076 miles exactly, writing "The number is significant in that it took 76 years and 76,076 miles to take the record from the British – The spirit of 76 lives on".[73] This UMCA record is also recognized as a Guinness World Record.[71]

 World Endurance record for a single year
Year Record holder Country Distance Ref
1911 Marcel Planes  France 34,366 miles (55,307 km) [74]
1932 Arthur Humbles  Great Britain 36,007 miles (57,948 km) [74]
1933 Ossie Nicholson  Australia 43,966 miles (70,756 km) [75]
1936 Walter Greaves  Great Britain 45,383 miles (73,037 km) [76]
1937 Bernard Bennett  Great Britain 45,801 miles (73,710 km) [62]
1937 René Menzies  France 61,561 miles (99,073 km) [77]
1937 Ossie Nicholson  Australia 62,657 miles (100,837 km) [78]
1939 Bernard Bennett  Great Britain 65,127 miles (104,812 km)
1939 Tommy Godwin  Great Britain 75,065 miles (120,805 km) [79]
2015 Kurt Searvogel  United States 76,076 miles (122,432. km) [66][71]

Women's record

During 1938 Billie Dovey, the English 'keep fit girl' of the 1930s, achieved a record 29,899.4 miles (48,118.4 km). Contemporary advertising shows that she rode a Rudge-Whitworth bicycle and relied on Cadbury milk chocolate for energy. Dovey combined the attempt with a lecture tour, often finishing her ride and then giving a fitness lecture in the evening.[80][81]

In February 1942 Pat Hawkins, the holder of the 'World Seven Days record', claimed to have ridden 45,402.8 miles (73,068.7 km) in Perth, West Australia, despite having missed seven weeks riding. A few days later the claim was withdrawn due to discrepancies in her logs. The press had reported her campaign in relation to Billie Dovey's record, to wit, after ten weeks she had recorded 7,302.8 miles (11,752.7 km) compared to Mrs Dovey's 5,238 miles (8,430 km). She would have reached Dovey's record after 36 weeks, three days, one hour and 20 minutes. The endeavour was sponsored by Bruce Small Pty Ltd.[81][82][83][84]

Road bicycle racing records

The following is a list of Road bicycle racing achievements and records:

Track cycling records

Wheelie records

Kurt Osburn (nicknamed Wheelie King) from California, United States is the Guinness World Record holder for Longest Bicycle Wheelie, riding on the back wheel of a bicycle.[90]

On 8 August 1998, he rode a wheelie for a record 11 hours at the Anaheim Convention Center, California. In June 2012 David "Pixie" Robilliard failed to break the record.[91]

From 13 April to 25 June 1999, he rode 2,839.6 miles from Hollywood to the Guinness World Records Experience in Orlando on one wheel also for a Guinness World Record, becoming the first person in history to ride a bicycle wheelie coast to coast. During his attempt he rode 50 miles on average per day with winds in excess of 40 miles per hour. Other facts: He cycled on the 110 Highway, had 4 flat tires (on the rear tire of course), over 1.8 million pedal revolutions from start to finish, and was almost daily chased by dogs.[92]

Notes

  1. 1 2 Road.cc has subsequently said they were incorrect and Berkeley does not hold Guinness World Records for the greatest distances cycled in a week and in a month.[56]
  2. ↑ Ken Webb's claim was for 80,647 miles (129,789 km) in 1972. Webb insisted he had completed the distance but others said he hadn't and he was removed from the Guinness Book of Records.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Moyes, Jojo (24 August 1995). "£1m bike breaks record by going nowhere". The Independent. London.
  2. ↑ "(Winter) - Les Arcs - Activities". Sunshine World France. Archived from the original on 29 February 2012. Retrieved 30 July 2012.
  3. ↑ "World Mountain Bike speed record attempt goes wrong". LiveLeak.com. 4 November 2001. Retrieved 30 July 2012.
  4. ↑ "World record shattered! Speed biking on snow at 210 km/h.". Pinkbike. Archived from the original on 17 July 2012. Retrieved 30 July 2012.
  5. 1 2 "World Human Powered Speed Challenge 2010 200 Meter Results". wisil.recumbents.com.
  6. 1 2 "Downhill moutainbiker Markus Stöckl sets new world speed record". www.redbull.com. Archived from the original on 14 July 2011.
  7. 1 2 "New World Records at WHPSC 2016". International Human Powered Vehicle Association. Retrieved 22 September 2016. "2016 200 Meter Results". wisil.recumbents.com. Retrieved 22 September 2016.
  8. 1 2 "2009 200 Meter Results". wisil.recumbents.com. Retrieved 16 September 2016.
  9. ↑ "The Aerovelo Eta is officially the fastest bike ever". Cycling Weekly. 22 September 2015.
  10. ↑ "Canada's AeroVelo breaks human-powered land speed record". www.design-engineering.com. 18 September 2015. Archived from the original on 2 January 2016.
  11. ↑ "2005 200 Meter Results". wisil.recumbents.com. Retrieved 16 September 2016.
  12. ↑ "Gordon McCall Challenge history of the Land Speed Record". teammccallusa.
  13. 1 2 3 "Photos and history of motor paced records" (in Spanish). 26 March 2009.
  14. ↑ "Photo 955 of 1232, European Stayers". Imageevent.com. Retrieved 30 July 2012.
  15. ↑ "a 60 tooth chainring".
  16. ↑ "Mountain Bikes History". raleighbikes.com. Archived from the original on 19 July 2009.
  17. ↑ "Letourner" (PDF).
  18. ↑ "Date with Death". Cycling.ahands.org. 19 July 1962. Retrieved 30 July 2012.
  19. ↑ Kristen Legan. "American woman rides bike 147 mph, a new world record". velonews.com. Retrieved 14 September 2016.
  20. ↑ "Eric Barone Breaks World Speed Record by Bike". www.pinkbike.com. Archived from the original on 7 April 2015.
  21. ↑ "Hour Record rule change — Athlete's hour to be scrapped". Cycling Weekly. 15 May 2014. Retrieved 18 September 2014.
  22. ↑ "UCI changes hour record regulations, allows modern track bikes". VeloNews.com. Retrieved 18 September 2014.
  23. ↑ "Bradley Wiggins sets new UCI World Hour Record". cyclingnews.com. 8 June 2015.
  24. ↑ "Stevens sets new hour record mark, misses Longo's all-time record". Velonews. 27 February 2016.
  25. ↑ "1 Hour Track World Records". Union Cycliste Internationale. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007.
  26. ↑ "New Hour World Record!". Bentrideronline.com. 12 August 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2012.
  27. ↑ "International Human Powered Vehicle Association". IHPVA. Retrieved 30 July 2012.
  28. ↑ "Fastest Human List Records". recumbents.com.
  29. ↑ "New unfaired hour attempt, 16 july". recumbents.com.
  30. ↑ "Le Petit Braquet - Charles Terront" (in French). Archived from the original on 1 April 2012.
  31. 1 2 "Opperman's world record. Tacks On 37¼ Miles To 24 Hours Distance". The Sporting Globe. Melbourne, Vic.: National Library of Australia. 6 December 1939. p. 9 Edition: 2.
  32. ↑ "The Pedal Club Golden Book – Citation for Roy Cromack". The Pedal Club.
  33. ↑ "24-hour world record broken. Frenchman covers 839 kilometres in 24 hours". CyclingNews.com. 18 June 2009.
  34. ↑ "IHPVA Official Speed Records". International Human Powered Vehicle Association. Retrieved 30 July 2012.
  35. ↑ "Land, Men's 24 hour standing start (Single rider)". World Human Powered Vehicle Association. Retrieved 28 October 2014.
  36. ↑ "Result - 2011 Sussex 24 Hour Time Trial, Promoted by East Sussex Cycling Association". 24hourfellowship.org.uk.
  37. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "UltraMarathon Cycling Association Timed Records". UltraCycling.com. Retrieved 25 September 2016.
  38. ↑ Newmann, Kate. "Beatrice Grimshaw". Dictionary of Ulster Biography. the Institute of Irish Studies of the Queens University of Belfast. Retrieved 6 August 2016. She was a keen cyclist, and broke the women's world 24 hour record by five hours.
  39. ↑ Laracy, Hugh (1983). "Grimshaw, Beatrice Ethel (1870–1953)". Australian Dictionary of Biography Vol 9. Australian National University. Retrieved 7 August 2016. She was interested in competitive cycling and showed her tendency to romanticize herself claiming a world record for a 24-hour ride; experts doubt the claim.
  40. ↑ "The Pedal Club Golden Book - Edith Atkins". The Pedal Club. 12 August 1953.
  41. ↑ "Sandy Earl – New 12 & 24 Hr UMCA Record Holder". UltraRaceNews. 7 October 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2012.
  42. ↑ "Hogan Reestablishes Outdoor Track Records. Four records fall and once again are hers". UltraCycling.com.
  43. 1 2 3 4 5 "Records Place to Place". Road Record Association. Retrieved 18 August 2015.
  44. ↑ David Larrington. "Upright Records and Divers Notable Recumbent Performances". Legslarry.beerdrinkers.co.uk. Retrieved 30 July 2012.
  45. 1 2 "LEJOGLE Record". RockettRides. Retrieved 30 July 2012.
  46. ↑ "Rockett speed for a cyclist!". Bath University. 27 August 2010. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
  47. 1 2 "World's record to W.A. girl". The Sporting Globe. Melbourne, Vic.: National Library of Australia. 20 March 1940. p. 9 Edition: 1.
  48. 1 2 "Records Distance". Road Record Association. Archived from the original on 23 January 2016.
  49. 1 2 "RAAM Records". Raceacrossamerica.org. Archived from the original on 14 January 2016.
  50. 1 2 "Tommy Godwin stats July 1939". tommygodwin.com.
  51. 1 2 "Bruce Berkeley rides nearly 10,000km in January to set new Guinness World Record". road.cc. 2 February 2015.
  52. ↑ "Yorkshireman Richard Nutt breaks world seven-day distance record". Cycling Weekly. 9 June 2015.
  53. ↑ https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1J7Vgt7u4KC9bY1Lr4xOyd4VLkzQxi0c8ErqyFqBvnHk/edit#gid=2022488017
  54. 1 2 3 4 "HAM'R Official Results". UltraMarathon Cycling Association. 11 January 2016.
  55. ↑ "Highest Annual Mileage Record". UltraMarathon Cycling Association. Retrieved 12 July 2016.
  56. 1 2 "Kurt Searvogel awarded Guinness World Record for distance cycled in a year". road.cc. 24 January 2016.
  57. ↑ "Farthest distance cycled in one month". Guinness World Records.
  58. 1 2 3 "Year's Road Riding.". The Sydney Morning Herald. National Library of Australia. 7 January 1933. p. 18.
  59. ↑ Cycling, 1972, undated cutting
  60. 1 2 3 "Rules for Highest Annual Mileage". UltraMarathon Cycling Association. 26 November 2014.
  61. ↑ "Nicholson's ride, won't press it, claim for patronage.". The Referee. Sydney, NSW: National Library of Australia. 28 January 1937. p. 20.
  62. 1 2 "Tommy Godwin: 75,065 miles in a year". Cycling Weekly. 27 January 2012.
  63. ↑ "UMCA announces a new record category: highest annual mileage". UltraMarathon Cycling Association. 26 November 2014.
  64. ↑ "Steven Abraham one year time trial".
  65. ↑ "Tarzan Rides HAMR Kurt Searvogel".
  66. 1 2 3 4 "UMCA Highest Annual Mileage Record (HAM'R) Leaderboard". UltraMarathon Cycling Association.
  67. ↑ "Steve Abraham in collision with moped during world mileage record ride". Cycling Weekly. 30 March 2015.
  68. ↑ "Steve Abraham back on the road—pedalling a recumbent with one leg". road.cc. 17 April 2015.
  69. ↑ "Steve Abraham ends Highest Annual Mileage Record attempt". velonews. 22 January 2016.
  70. ↑ "American Kurt Searvogel breaks cycling highest annual mileage record". Cycling Weekly. 5 January 2016.
  71. 1 2 3 "Greatest distance cycled in a year". Guinness World Records.
  72. ↑ "Comment: Why I think Kurt Searvogel's annual cycling record deserves our respect". Cycling Weekly. 6 January 2016.
  73. ↑ "Ultracycling: Highest Annual Mileage Record". ultracycling.com. Retrieved 2 February 2016.
  74. 1 2 "The Golden Book of Cycling – Citation for Arthur Humbles.". Archive maintained by 'The Pedal Club'.
  75. ↑ "Ossie for Aussie". The Referee. Sydney: National Library of Australia. 7 January 1937. p. 20.
  76. ↑ "The Golden Book of Cycling - citation for Walter Greaves". Archive maintained by 'The Pedal Club'.
  77. ↑ "Cycling.". The Sydney Morning Herald. National Library of Australia. 18 January 1938. p. 16.
  78. ↑ "Australia regains world's cycling record". The Referee. Sydney, NSW: National Library of Australia. 6 January 1938. p. 20.
  79. ↑ "The Golden Book of Cycling - Citation for Thomas Edward Godwin". Archive maintained by 'The Pedal Club'.
  80. ↑ "V-CC New England Section".
  81. 1 2 "25 Jan 1941 - Cycle Marathon Planned By Girl - Trove". Trove.
  82. ↑ "02 Feb 1942 - WOMAN CYCLIST'S RECORD - Trove". Trove.
  83. ↑ "The Age - Google News Archive Search".
  84. ↑ "15 Oct 1941 - W.A. Woman Cyclist Sets New World Record - Trove". Trove.
  85. ↑ "Heras makes it four, Petacchi sinks five". Eurosport. Retrieved 16 September 2016.
  86. ↑ "Spanish Supreme Court restores 2005 Vuelta victory to Heras". Cyclingnews. 22 December 2012. Retrieved 16 September 2016.
  87. ↑ "Race director: Heras is the winner of the 2005 Vuelta". Cyclingquotes. 12 November 2013. Retrieved 16 September 2016.
  88. ↑ "Historical Dictionary of Cycling". Scarecrow Press. 16 October 2011. p. 169.
  89. ↑ "Deloor, un belga en el primer párrafo del relato de la Vuelta" (in Spanish). Spoonful. Retrieved 16 September 2016.
  90. ↑ "Wheelie Across America's Kurt Osburn Wheelies Through Louisiana June 1999!Bertaut". Bertaut.
  91. ↑ "Guernsey postman fails in world wheelie record attempt". BBC News.
  92. ↑ FAT BMX Promotions. "Kurt Osburn Wheelie King - 2,839.6 miles - Videos - News". FAT BMX.

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