List of spaceflight records

The first space rendezvous was accomplished by Gemini 6A and Gemini 7 in 1965.

This is a list of spaceflight records. Most of these records relate to human spaceflights, but some unmanned and animal records are included.

First independent sub-orbital and orbital human spaceflight by country

Country	Mission	Crew	Spacecraft	Launch vehicle	Date	Type
USSR[1]	Vostok 1[1]	Yuri Gagarin[1]	Vostok 3KA[1]	Vostok-K[1]	12 April 1961[1]	Orbital[1]
USA[2]	Mercury-Redstone 3 (Freedom 7)[2]	Alan Shepard[2]	Mercury Spacecraft No.7[2]	Mercury-Redstone[2]	5 May 1961[2]	Sub-orbital[2]
USA[3]	Mercury-Atlas 6 (Friendship 7)[3]	John Glenn[3]	Mercury Spacecraft No.13[3]	Atlas LV-3B	20 February 1962[3]	Orbital[3]
China[4]	Shenzhou 5[4]	Yang Liwei[4]	Shenzhou spacecraft[4]	Long March 2F[4]	15 October 2003[4]	Orbital[4]

Most spaceflights

• 7 spaceflights
  • Jerry L. Ross – USA^[5]
  • Franklin Chang-Diaz – Costa Rica/USA*^[5]
• 6 spaceflights
  • John W. Young^[6] – USA
  • Story Musgrave – USA
  • Curtis Brown – USA
  • James Wetherbee – USA
  • Michael Foale – Britain/USA*
  • Sergei Krikalev – Russia^[7]
  • Yuri Malenchenko – Russia

Note: While Young has made six spaceflights, he was launched seven times if his moon ascent on Apollo 16 is counted.

* Dual citizen.

Duration of spaceflight

Most time in space

• Man – Gennady Padalka, who has spent 879 days in space over 5 missions, became the man who spent the most time in space when he surpassed, on 28 June 2015, the record of Sergei Krikalev who spent 803 days, 9 hours and 39 minutes, or 2.2 years in space over the span of six spaceflights on Soyuz, the Space Shuttle, Mir, and the International Space Station. Currently, second is Yuri Malenchenko who spent 828 days in space on six spaceflights.^{[7][8][9][10]}
• Woman – Peggy Whitson has spent 376 days, 17 hours and 22 minutes in space over the span of two spaceflights to the International Space Station (scheduled to fly again in November 2016). Second is Sunita Williams who spent 321 days 17 hours 15 minutes in space.^[11]

Ten longest human space flights

#	Time in space	Crew	Country	Launch date (Launch craft)	Landing date (Landing craft)	Space station or mission type
1	437.7 days[12][13]	Valeri Polyakov[12]	Russia	1994-01-09 (Soyuz TM-18)	1995-03-22 (Soyuz TM-20)	Mir[12]
2	379.6 days[13]	Sergei Avdeyev[13]	Russia	1998-08-13 (Soyuz TM-28)	1999-08-28 (Soyuz TM-29)	Mir[13]
3	365.0 days[13]	Vladimir Titov[13] Musa Manarov[13]	Soviet Union	1987-12-21 (Soyuz TM-4)	1988-12-21 (Soyuz TM-6)	Mir[13]
4	340.4 days	Mikhail Korniyenko Scott Kelly	Russia  United States	2015-03-27 (Soyuz TMA-16M)	2016-03-01 (Soyuz TMA-18M)	International Space Station
5	326.5 days[14]	Yuri Romanenko[14]	Soviet Union	1987-02-05 (Soyuz TM-2)	1987-12-29 (Soyuz TM-3)	Mir[14]
6	311.8 days[15]	Sergei Krikalev[15]	Soviet Union/ Russia	1991-05-18 (Soyuz TM-12)	1992-03-25 (Soyuz TM-13)	Mir[15]
7	240.9 days[16]	Valeri Polyakov[16]	Soviet Union	1988-08-29 (Soyuz TM-6)	1989-04-7 (Soyuz TM-7)	Mir[16]
8	237.0 days[17]	Leonid Kizim[17] Vladimir Solovyov[17] Oleg Atkov[17]	Soviet Union	1984-02-08 (Soyuz T-10)	1984-10-02 (Soyuz T-11)	Salyut 7[17]
9	215.4 days[18]	Mikhail Tyurin[18] Michael López-Alegría[18]	Russia  United States	2006-09-18 (Soyuz TMA-9)	2007-04-21 (Soyuz TMA-9)	International Space Station[18]
10	211.4 days[19]	Anatoli Berezovoy[19] Valentin Lebedev[19]	Soviet Union	1982-05-13 (Soyuz T-5)[19]	1982-12-10 (Soyuz T-7)[19]	Salyut 7[19]

Longest single flight by a woman

• Samantha Cristoforetti, European astronaut of Italian nationality, holds the record for the longest single spaceflight by a woman at 199 days, 16 hours on Expedition 42/Expedition 43 of the International Space Station in 2014-2015.^[20][21] Second is American astronaut Sunita Williams with 195 days^[22][23] on the ISS where she was a member of Expedition 14/Expedition 15 (2006-2007).

Longest continuous occupation of space

• An international partnership consisting of Russia, the United States, Canada, Japan and the member states of the European Space Agency have jointly maintained a continuous human presence in space since 31 October 2000 when Soyuz TM-31 was launched. Two days later it docked with the International Space Station.^[5][24] Since then space has been continuously occupied for 16 years, 35 days.^[5]

Longest continuous occupation of a spacecraft

• The International Space Station has been continuously occupied since 2 November 2000 (16 years, 33 days).^[5][24] It broke the record of 9 years 358 days of the Soviet/Russian Space Station Mir on 23 October 2010.^[24]

Longest solo flight

• Valery Bykovsky flew for 4 days and 23 hours solo in Vostok 5, 14–19 June 1963.^[25] The flight set a space endurance record which was broken in 1965 by the (non-solo) Gemini 5 flight. The Apollo program included long solo spaceflight, and during the Apollo 16 mission, T.K. Mattingly orbited solo around the Moon for more than 3 days and 9 hours.

Longest time on lunar surface

• Eugene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt of the Apollo 17 mission stayed for 74 hours 59 minutes 40 seconds (over 3 days) on the lunar surface after they landed on 11 December 1972.^[26] They performed three EVAs (extra-vehicular activity) totaling 22 hours 3 minutes, 57 seconds (as commanders were always the first one out of the LM and the last to get back in, Cernan's EVA time was slightly longer).^[26]

Longest time in lunar orbit

• Ronald Evans of Apollo 17 mission stayed in lunar orbit for 6 days and 4 hours (148 hours),^[27] however for the solo portion of that flight around the Moon, T.K. Mattingly on Apollo 16 spent 1 hour 38 minutes longer than Evans' solo duration.

Animal records

First animals in space

• Fruit flies launched by the United States in 1947 aboard a V-2 rocket to an altitude of 68 miles (108 km).^[28] Also the first animals to safely return from space.^[28]

First animal in orbit

• Laika was a Soviet female canine launched on 3 November 1957 on Sputnik 2. The technology to deorbit had not yet been developed, so there was no expectation for survival. She died several hours into flight. Belka and Strelka were the first to successfully return to Earth from orbit on 19 August 1960.

Longest canine single flight

• Veterok (Ветерок, "Little Wind") and Ugolyok (Уголёк, "Ember") were launched on 22 February 1966 on board Cosmos 110 and spent 22 days in orbit before landing on 16 March.

First animals beyond low–Earth orbit

• An assortment of animals including a pair of Russian tortoises, as well as wine flies and mealworms launched with a number of other biological specimens including seeds and bacteria on a circumlunar mission aboard the Zond 5 spacecraft.^[28] It was launched by a Proton-K rocket on 15 September 1968.^[28] The capsule came within 2000 km of the moon and returned to Earth, the first spacecraft in history to return safely to Earth from the moon.^[28]

Speed and altitude

Farthest humans from Earth

• Apollo 13 crew; Jim Lovell, Fred Haise, Jack Swigert while passing over the far side of the moon at an altitude of 254 km (158 mi) from the lunar surface, were 400,171 km (248,655 mi) from Earth.^[29] This record breaking distance was reached at 0:21 UTC on 15 April 1970.^[29]

Highest altitude for manned non-lunar mission

• Gemini 11 crew Charles Conrad, Jr and Richard F. Gordon, Jr. fired their Agena Target Vehicle rocket engine on 14 September 1966, at 40 hours 30 minutes after liftoff and achieved a record apogee altitude of 739.2 nautical miles (1,369.0 km).^[30]

Fastest

• The Apollo 10 crew; Thomas Stafford, John W. Young and Eugene Cernan achieved the highest speed relative to Earth ever attained by humans; 39,896 km/h (11.1082222 km/s, 24,790 mph, approximately 32 times the speed of sound and approximately 0.0037 percent of the speed of light).^[5] The record was set 26 May 1969.^[5]

Age records

Earliest-born to reach space (suborbital flight)

• Joe Walker born 20 February 1921, on X-15 Flight 90 on 19 July 1963.

Earliest-born to go into space (orbital flight)

• Man – Georgy Beregovoy born 15 April 1921, on Soyuz 3 on 26 October 1968.
• Woman – Valentina Tereshkova born 6 March 1937, on Vostok 6 on 16–19 June 1963.

Youngest (age during space flight)

• Man – Gherman Titov, aged 25 years, on Vostok 2 on 6 August 1961.^[5]
• Woman – Valentina Tereshkova, aged 26 years on Vostok 6 on 16–19 June 1963.

Oldest (age during space flight)

• Man - John Glenn at age 77, 29 October 1998 on STS-95.^[5]
• Woman - Peggy Whitson at age 56, 17 November 2016 on Soyuz MS-03. Expected to turn 57 while in space.^[31]

• 

Spacewalks

Most spacewalks

• Man – Anatoly Solovyev, 16 spacewalks for total of 77 hours, 41 minutes (which is also the duration record).^[5]
• Woman – Sunita Williams, 7 spacewalks for a total time of 50 hours and 40 minutes.^[32]

Most spacewalks during a single mission

• 7: Anatoly Solovyev, during the 24th Expedition on the Soviet/Russian space station Mir, in 1997-98.
  • Two were internal "spacewalks" inside a depressurized module.
• 6: Leonid Kizim and Vladimir Solovyov, the third crew on the Soviet space station Salyut 7.

Human spaceflight firsts

First	Person(s)	Mission	Country	Date
Person to reach space Person in orbit	Yuri Gagarin	Vostok 1[33]	USSR	12 April 1961
Person to make suborbital flight Person to land (splashdown) in a spacecraft after spaceflight thus achieving the first true complete human spaceflight Person to pilot a craft in space	Alan Shepard	Freedom 7	USA	5 May 1961
Person in space for over 24 hours Multiple orbits spaceflight	Gherman Titov	Vostok 2	USSR	6 August 1961 – 7 August 1961
Person to land (splashdown) in a spacecraft after orbital flight	John Glenn	Friendship 7	USA	20 February 1962
Group flight Adjacent orbits Spacecraft-to-spacecraft communications	Andrian Nikolayev Pavel Popovich	Vostok 3 Vostok 4	USSR	12 August 1962 – 15 August 1962
Woman in space Civilian in space	Valentina Tereshkova	Vostok 6	USSR	16 June 1963 – 19 June 1963
Spaceflight (suborbital) by winged spacecraft	Joe Walker	X-15 Flight 90	USA	19 July 1963
Person to enter space twice (suborbital flights above 100 km)	Joe Walker	X-15 Flights 90 and 91	USA	22 August 1963
Three-person spaceflight, single spacecraft Persons to land in a spacecraft on hard ground Manned flight without pressurized spacesuits	Vladimir Komarov Konstantin Feoktistov Boris Yegorov	Voskhod 1[33]	USSR	12 October 1964 – 13 October 1964
Spacewalk	Alexey Leonov	Voskhod 2[33]	USSR	18 March 1965
Orbital maneuvers (change orbit)	Gus Grissom, John W. Young	Gemini 3[33]	USA	23 March 1965
Person to fly two orbital spaceflights	Gordon Cooper	Faith 7 Gemini 5	USA	15 May 1963 – 16 May 1963; 21 August 1965 – 29 August 1965
Persons to spend one week in space	Gordon Cooper Pete Conrad	Gemini 5	USA	21 August 1965 – 29 August 1965
Space rendezvous (orbital maneuver and station-keeping) Four people in space	Frank Borman, Jim Lovell Walter Schirra, Thomas Stafford	Gemini 7 Gemini 6A[33]	USA	15 December 1965 – 16 December 1965
Space docking	Neil Armstrong David Scott	Gemini 8 and Agena[33]	USA	16 March 1966
Multiple rendezvous	John W. Young Michael Collins	Gemini 10 with Agena 10 and Agena 8	USA	19 July 1966; 20 July 1966
Spaceflight fatality (during landing)	Vladimir Komarov	Soyuz 1	USSR	23 April 1967 – 24 April 1967
Person to complete three spaceflights	Walter Schirra	Apollo 7 (previous flights Mercury-Atlas 8, Gemini 6A)	USA	22 October 1968
Persons to leave Low Earth orbit (LEO) Persons to escape Earth's influence Persons to enter lunar orbit	Frank Borman Jim Lovell Bill Anders	Apollo 8	USA	24 December 1968 – 25 December 1968
Space docking of two manned spacecraft Dual spacewalk Сrew transfer (Khrunov, Yeliseyev)	Vladimir Shatalov Boris Volynov Aleksei Yeliseyev Yevgeny Khrunov	Soyuz 4 Soyuz 5	USSR	16 January 1969
Solo flight around the Moon	John Young	Apollo 10	USA	22 May 1969
Moon landing/ planetary surface EVA	Neil Armstrong Buzz Aldrin	Apollo 11	USA	20 July 1969
Time five people are in space	Georgi Shonin, Valeri Kubasov Anatoly Filipchenko, Vladislav Volkov, Viktor Gorbatko	Soyuz 6 Soyuz 7	USSR	12 October 1969 – 13 October 1969
Triple spaceflight Seven-people in space	Shonin, Kubasov Filipchenko, Volkov, Gorbatko Vladimir Shatalov, Aleksei Yeliseyev	Soyuz 6 Soyuz 7 Soyuz 8	USSR	13 October 1969 – 16 October 1969
Person to complete four spaceflights	James A. Lovell	Apollo 13 (previous flights Gemini 7, Gemini 12, Apollo 8)	USA	17 April 1970
Person to fly two lunar flights Person to complete two flights beyond low–Earth orbit	James A. Lovell	Apollo 13 (previous flight Apollo 8)	USA	11 April 1970 – 17 April 1970
People to spend two weeks in space Night launch	Andrian Nikolayev Vitali Sevastyanov	Soyuz 9	USSR	1 June 1970 – 19 June 1970
People to EVA out of sight of their spacecraft	Alan Shepard Edgar Mitchell	Apollo 14	USA	6 February 1971
Docking with space station Night landing	Vladimir Shatalov Aleksei Yeliseyev Nikolai Rukavishnikov	Soyuz 10 docked with Salyut 1 (soft dock)	USSR	22 April 1971 – 24 April 1971
Manned space station	Georgi Dobrovolski Viktor Patsayev Vladislav Volkov	Soyuz 11 docked with Salyut 1	USSR	7 June 1971 – 29 June 1971
In-space fatalities	Georgi Dobrovolski Viktor Patsayev Vladislav Volkov	Soyuz 11	USSR	29 June 1971
People to travel in a wheeled vehicle on a planetary body other than Earth.	Dave Scott Jim Irwin	Apollo 15	USA	31 July 1971– 2 August 1971
EVA in outer space outside Low Earth orbit (trans-Earth trajectory)	Al Worden	Apollo 15	USA	5 August 1971
Person twice in lunar orbit (during separate lunar expeditions)	John W. Young	Apollo 16 (previous flight Apollo 10)	USA	16 April 1972 – 27 April 1972
People in orbit for four weeks	Pete Conrad Joseph Kerwin Paul Weitz	Skylab 2	USA	25 May 1973 – 22 June 1973
People in orbit for eight weeks	Alan Bean Jack Lousma Owen Garriott	Skylab 3	USA	28 July 1973 – 25 September 1973
People in orbit for 12 weeks	Gerald Carr William Pogue Edward Gibson	Skylab 4	USA	16 November 1973 – 8 February 1974
Spaceflight aborted during liftoff (at 145 kilometers (90 mi) altitude) Re-entry (emergency) with 20g acceleration	Vasily Lazarev, Oleg Makarov	Soyuz 18a	USSR	5 April 1975
Crew to visit occupied space station	Vladimir Dzhanibekov, Oleg Makarov	Soyuz 27 visits Salyut 6 EO-1 crew	USSR	10 January 1978 – 16 January 1978
People in orbit 19 weeks (4 months)	Vladimir Kovalyonok, Aleksandr Ivanchenkov	Salyut 6 EO-2, Soyuz 29-Soyuz 31	USSR	15 June 1978 – 2 November 1978
People in orbit 26 weeks (6 months)	Leonid Popov, Valery Ryumin	Salyut 6 EO-4, Soyuz 35-Soyuz 37	USSR	9 April 1980 – 11 October 1980
Spaceflight (orbital) by winged spacecraft	John W. Young Robert L. Crippen	STS-1	USA	12 April 1981
Person to fly four different types of spacecraft	John W. Young	STS-1 (previous flights in Gemini, Apollo, and Lunar Module)	USA	12 April 1981
Person to complete five spaceflights	John W. Young	STS-1 (previous flights Gemini 3, Gemini 10, Apollo 10, Apollo 16)	USA	14 April 1981
Four-person spaceflight, single spacecraft	Vance Brand, Robert F. Overmyer Joseph P. Allen, William B. Lenoir	STS-5	USA	11 November 1982 – 16 November 1982
Five-person spaceflight, single spacecraft	Robert L. Crippen, Frederick H. Hauck John M. Fabian, Sally K. Ride, Norman E. Thagard	STS-7	USA	18 June 1983 – 24 June 1983
Six-person spaceflight, single spacecraft	John W. Young, Brewster H. Shaw, Owen K. Garriott, Robert A. Parker, Byron K. Lichtenberg – USA Ulf Merbold – Germany (European Space Agency)	STS-9	USA  West Germany	28 November 1983 – 8 December 1983
Person to complete six spaceflights	John W. Young	STS-9 (previous flights Gemini 3, Gemini 10, Apollo 10, Apollo 16, STS-1)	USA	8 December 1983
Untethered spacewalk	Bruce McCandless II	STS-41-B	USA	7 February 1984
Time eight people in space, no docking	Oleg Atkov, Leonid Kizim, Vladimir Solovyov – USSR Vance D. Brand, Robert L. Gibson, Bruce McCandless II, Ronald McNair, Robert L. Stewart – USA	Salyut 7 EO-3, Soyuz T-10, STS-41-B	USSR USA	8 February 1984 – 11 February 1984
Time 11 people in space, no docking	Oleg Atkov, Leonid D. Kizim, Yury Malyshev, Vladimir Solovyov, Gennady Strekalov – USSR Robert L. Crippen, Terry J. Hart, George Nelson, Francis Scobee, James van Hoften – USA Rakesh Sharma – India	STS-41-C, Salyut 7 EO-3, Soyuz T-10-Soyuz T-11	USSR USA India	6 April 1984 – 11 April 1984
People to complete four spacewalks during the same mission	Leonid Kizim, Vladimir Solovyov	Salyut 7	USSR	26 April – 18 May 1984
Spacewalk by woman	Svetlana Savitskaya	Soyuz T-12	USSR	25 July 1984
People in orbit 33 weeks (7 months)	Leonid Kizim, Vladimir Solovyov, Oleg Atkov	Salyut 7 EO-3, Soyuz T-10-Soyuz T-11	USSR	8 February 1984 – 2 October 1984
Seven person spaceflight, single spacecraft	Robert L. Crippen, Jon A. McBride, Kathryn D. Sullivan, Sally K. Ride, David C. Leestma, Paul D. Scully-Power – USA Marc Garneau – Canada	STS-41-G	USA Canada	5 October 1984 – 13 October 1984
Time two women in space	Kathryn D. Sullivan, Sally K. Ride	STS-41-G	USA	5 October 1984 – 13 October 1984
Partial crew exchange at a space station	Alexander Volkov, Vladimir Vasyutin replace Vladimir Dzhanibekov	Soyuz T-14, Salyut 7	USSR	17 September 1985 – 26 September 1985
Eight person spaceflight, single spacecraft	Henry W. Hartsfield, Steven R. Nagel, Bonnie J. Dunbar, James F. Buchli, Guion S. Bluford – USA Reinhard Furrer, Ernst Messerschmid – West Germany Wubbo Ockels – Netherlands (European Space Agency)	STS-61-A	USA  West Germany  Netherlands	30 October 1985 – 6 November 1985
Fatalities during launch	Francis "Dick" Scobee Michael J. Smith Ellison Onizuka Judith Resnik Ronald McNair Sharon Christa McAuliffe Gregory Jarvis	STS-51-L	USA	28 January 1986
Space station to space station flight/ Space station to space station return flight/ Expedition on two space stations	Leonid Kizim Vladimir Solovyov	Soyuz T-15 from Mir to Salyut 7 back to Mir[17]	USSR	15 March 1986 – 16 July 1986
Complete crew exchange at a space station	Vladimir Titov, Musa Manarov replace Yuri Romanenko, Alexander Alexandrov	Soyuz TM-4-Soyuz TM-2, Soyuz TM-3, at Mir	USSR	21 December 1987 – 29 December 1987
People in orbit 52 weeks (one year)	Vladimir Titov, Musa Manarov	Mir EO-3, Soyuz TM-4-Soyuz TM-6	USSR	21 December 1987 – 21 December 1988
Time 12 people in space; no docking	Shuttle: Vance Brand, Samuel Durrance, Guy S. Gardner, Jeffrey A. Hoffman, John M. Lounge, Ronald Parise, Robert A. Parker – USA Mir: Gennady Manakov, Gennady Strekalov – Russia Soyuz and Soyuz/Mir: Musa Manarov, Viktor Afanasyev – Russia Toyohiro Akiyama – Japan	STS-35, Mir EO-7, Soyuz TM-10-Soyuz TM-11	USSR USA Japan	2 December 1990 – 10 December 1990
Time three women in space	Millie Hughes-Fulford, Tamara E. Jernigan, M. Rhea Seddon	STS-40	USA	5 June 1991 – 14 June 1991
Three-person spacewalk	Pierre J. Thuot, Richard J. Hieb Thomas D. Akers	STS-49	USA	13 May 1992
Time 13 people in space; no docking	Shuttle: Steve Oswald, William Gregory, John Grunsfeld, Wendy Lawrence, Tammy Jernigan, Sam Durrance, Ron Parise – USA Mir: Aleksandr Viktorenko, Yelena Kondakova, Valeriy Polyakov – Russia Soyuz/Mir: Vladimir Dezhurov, Gennady Strekalov – Russia Norman E. Thagard – USA	STS-67, Mir, Soyuz TM-20, Soyuz TM-21	USA Russia	14 March 1995 – 18 March 1995
Time ten people in one spacecraft; docking	Robert L. Gibson, Charles J. Precourt, Ellen S. Baker, Bonnie J. Dunbar, Gregory J. Harbaugh Norman E. Thagard – USA Anatoly Solovyev, Nikolai Budarin, Vladimir Dezhurov, Gennady Strekalov – Russia	STS-71, Mir, Soyuz TM-21	USA Russia	29 June 1995 – 4 July 1995
Space tourist	Dennis Tito	Soyuz TM-32/31, ISS EP-1	USA Russia	April 28, 2001 – May 6, 2001
Person to complete seven trips to space	Jerry L. Ross	STS-110 (previous flights STS-61B, STS-27, STS-37, STS-55, STS-74, STS-88)	USA	19 April 2002
Privately funded human space flight (suborbital)	Mike Melvill	SpaceShipOne flight 15P	USA	21 June 2004
Time 13 people in one spacecraft; docking[5]	Michael Barratt, Mark L. Polansky, Douglas G. Hurley, Christopher J. Cassidy, Thomas H. Marshburn, David Wolf, Timothy Kopra – USA Gennady Padalka, Roman Romanenko – Russia Robert Thirsk, Julie Payette – Canada Frank De Winne – Belgium (European Space Agency) Koichi Wakata – Japan	ISS, Soyuz TMA-14, Soyuz TMA-15, STS-127	USA Russia Canada Belgium Japan	17 July 2009
Four women in space at once	Shuttle: Dorothy Metcalf-Lindenburger, Stephanie Wilson – USA Naoko Yamazaki – Japan ISS: Tracy Caldwell Dyson – USA	STS-131 ISS Expedition 23	USA Japan	5 April 2010 – 20 April 2010

Total time in space

The following is a list of the 50 space travelers with the most total time in space, as of 1 November 2016.^[34] Travelers currently in space are ranked by total time in space of their completed missions only.

Color-key:

•   Currently in space
•   Active
•   Retired
•   Deceased

Rank	Person	Days	Flights	Status	Nationality
1	Gennady Padalka	878.480	5	Active	Russia
2	Yuri Malenchenko	827.389	6	Retired	Russia
3	Sergei Krikalev	803.371	6	Retired	Soviet Union /  Russia
4	Alexandr Kaleri	769.276	5	Active	Russia
5	Sergei Avdeyev	747.593	3	Retired	Soviet Union /  Russia
6	Valeriy Polyakov	678.690	2	Retired	Soviet Union /  Russia
7	Anatoly Solovyev	651.117	5	Retired	Soviet Union /  Russia
8	Viktor Afanasyev	555.772	4	Retired	Soviet Union /  Russia
9	Yury Usachev	552.773	4	Retired	Russia
10	Sergey Volkov	547.931	3	Active	Russia
11	Pavel Vinogradov	546.939	3	Active	Russia
12	Musa Manarov	541.021	2	Retired	Soviet Union ( Azerbaijan)
13	Fyodor Yurchikhin	537.106	4	Active	Russia
14	Jeffrey Williams	534.116	4	Active	United States
15	Oleg Kononenko	533.000	3	Active	Russia
16	Mikhail Tyurin	532.118	4	Active	Russia
17	Oleg Kotov	526.211	3	Retired	Russia
18	Scott Kelly	520.440	4	Retired[35]	United States
19	Mikhail Borisovich Korniyenko	516.417	2	Active	Russia
20	Alexander Viktorenko	489.066	4	Retired	Soviet Union /  Russia
21	Nikolai Budarin	444.060	3	Retired	Russia
22	Yuri Romanenko	430.765	3	Retired	Soviet Union
23	Alexander Volkov	391.495	3	Retired	Soviet Union /  Russia
24	Yuri I. Onufrienko	389.282	2	Retired	Russia
25	Vladimir G. Titov	387.036	4	Retired	Soviet Union /  Russia
26	Vasili Tsibliyev	381.662	2	Retired	Russia
27	Valery G. Korzun	381.653	2	Retired	Russia
28	Michael Fincke	381.633	3	Active	United States
29	Peggy A. Whitson	376.738	2	Active	United States
30	Leonid Kizim	374.749	3	Deceased	Soviet Union
31	Michael Foale	373.763	6	Retired	United States /  United Kingdom[36]
32	Aleksandr Serebrov	372.954	4	Deceased	Soviet Union /  Russia
33	Valeri Ryumin	371.725	4	Retired	Soviet Union /  Russia
34	Donald Pettit	369.696	3	Active	United States
35	Anton Shkaplerov	365.001	2	Active	Russia
36	Vladimir Solovyov	361.952	2	Retired	Soviet Union
37	Thomas Reiter	350.239	2	Retired	Germany
38	Koichi Wakata	347.356	4	Active	Japan
39	Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Skvortsov	345.267	2	Active	Russia
40	Talgat Musabayev	341.408	3	Retired	Russia
41	Maksim Surayev	334.508	2	Retired	Russia
42	Roman Romanenko	333.459	2	Retired	Russia
43	Vladimir Lyakhov	333.324	3	Retired	Soviet Union
44	Oleg Skripochka	331.521	2	Active	Russia
45	Aleksandr Samokutyayev	331.474	2	Active	Russia
46	Yuri P. Gidzenko	329.950	3	Retired	Russia
47	Sunita Williams	321.719	2	Active	United States
48	Gennadi Manakov	309.889	2	Retired	Soviet Union /  Russia
49	Aleksandr P. Aleksandrov	309.758	2	Retired	Soviet Union
50	Anatoli Ivanishin	280.412	2	Active	Russia

Total human spaceflight time by country

Total Human Spaceflight statistics by nation ^{[37] [38]}

Nation	Total persons	Total person flights	Total in orbit (@ update)^*	Total person days^*^+	% of Total person days
TOTAL	549	1239	6	49140.94	-
Russia  Soviet Union	122	263	3	26162.94
United States	336	843	2	18485.66
ESA  Austria  Belgium  Czech Republic  Denmark  Finland  France  Germany  Greece  Ireland  Italy  Luxembourg  Netherlands  Norway  Portugal  Spain  Sweden   Switzerland  United Kingdom	39	62	1	2453.46
Japan	11	19	-	1186.54
Germany	11	15	-	658.97
Italy	7	11	-	627.21
Canada	9	17	-	506.14
France	10	18	1	449.34
Netherlands	2	3	-	210.69
Belgium	2	3	-	207.65
United Kingdom	2	2	-	193.81
China	11	14	-	165.35
Switzerland	1	4	-	42.50
Sweden	1	2	-	26.73
Spain	1	2	-	18.78
Israel	1	1	-	15.93
Ukraine	1	1	-	15.69
Bulgaria	2	2	-	11.80
South Korea	1	1	-	10.88
Malaysia	1	1	-	10.88
South Africa	1	1	-	9.89
Brazil	1	1	-	9.89
Kazakhstan	1	1	-	9.84
Denmark	1	1	-	9.84
Afghanistan	1	1	-	8.85
Syria	1	1	-	7.96
Czechoslovakia	1	1	-	7.93
Austria	1	1	-	7.93
Poland	1	1	-	7.92
Slovakia	1	1	-	7.91
India	1	1	-	7.90
Hungary	1	1	-	7.86
Cuba	1	1	-	7.86
Mongolia	1	1	-	7.86
Vietnam	1	1	-	7.86
Romania	1	1	-	7.86
Saudi Arabia	1	1	-	7.07
Mexico	1	1	-	6.88
Astronauts currently in space: Thomas Gautier Pesquet Oleg Viktorovich Novitsky Andrei Ivanovich Borisenko Peggy Annette Whitson Robert Shane Kimbrough Sergei Nikolaevich Ryzhikov			Crew Vehicles currently in space: Soyuz MS-03 Soyuz MS-02
Table data accurate as of 2016-12-05 00:01 UTC
* includes those in orbit at time table was updated +TOTAL person days in orbit will not match the sum of the totals for individual nations as some individuals are dual citizens (based solely on those identified as such by spacefacts.de - see table references).

Notable unmanned spaceflights

In reference to:	Spacecraft	Event	Origin	Date
Earth	MW 18014 (A-4(V-2))	First rocket to reach space (suborbital flight).	Germany	20 June 1944
Earth	V-2 No. 20	First living organisms (fruit flies) in space (suborbital flight) successfully recovered.	USA	20 February 1947
Earth	R-1V[39]	First mammals (dogs) in space (suborbital flight) successfully recovered.	USSR	22 July 1951
Earth	Sputnik 1	First satellite in orbit.[33]	USSR	4 October 1957
Earth	Sputnik 2	First animal in orbit, Laika the dog.	USSR	3 November 1957
Earth	Vanguard 1	Oldest satellite still in orbit— expected to stay in orbit 240 years. Ceased transmission in May 1964.	USA	17 March 1958
Earth	Pioneer 1	Failed to reach the moon as intended, but reached a record–setting distance of 113,800 km from Earth.	USA	11 October 1958
Earth	Jupiter AM-13	First monkey in space.	USA	13 December 1958
Earth	Luna 1	First spacecraft to reach Earth's escape velocity.	USSR	4 January 1959
Moon	Luna 1	First flyby, dist. of 5,995 km.	USSR	4 January 1959
Sun	Luna 1	First spacecraft in heliocentric orbit.	USSR	4 January 1959
Moon	Luna 2	First impact.[33]	USSR	14 September 1959
Moon	Luna 3	First image of lunar far-side.[33]	USSR	7 October 1959
Earth	Discoverer 13	First satellite recovered from orbit.[33]	USA	11 August 1960
Earth	Korabl-Sputnik 2	First living beings recovered from orbit.[40]	USSR	19 August 1960
Venus	Venera 1	First flyby, dist. of 100,000 km (lost communication contact before).[33]	USSR	19 May 1961
Venus	Mariner 2	First planetary flyby, dist. of 34,762 km (with communication contact).	USA	14 December 1962
Earth	Lincoln Calibration Sphere 1	Oldest spacecraft still in use, 50 yrs as of 2015	USA	6 May 1965
Mars	Mariner 4	First Mars flyby, first planetary imaging, dist. of 9,846 km.	USA	14 July 1965
Earth	Astérix	First satellite launched independently by a nation other than the US or USSR (other nations had previously flown satellites launched on American rockets).	France	26 November 1965
Moon	Luna 9	First soft landing, first pictures from lunar surface.[33]	USSR	3 February 1966
Venus	Venera 3	First impact.[33]	USSR	1 March 1966
Moon	Luna 10	First orbiter.[33]	USSR	3 April 1966
Docking	Cosmos 186, Cosmos 188	First automated docking of unmanned spacecraft.	USSR	30 October 1967
Moon	Zond 5	First to circle the Moon and return to land on Earth. First animals to circle the Moon.	USSR	15 September 1968
Moon	Luna 16	First automated sample return.	USSR	24 September 1970
Moon	Luna 17	First automated roving vehicle – Lunokhod 1.	USSR	17 November 1970
Venus	Venera 7	First soft landing.	USSR	15 December 1970
Mars	Mariner 9	First orbiter.	USA	14 November 1971
Mars	Mars 2	First impact.	USSR	27 November 1971
Mars	Mars 3	First soft landing, telemetry signal for 20 seconds before transmissions ceased.	USSR	2 December 1971
Sun	Pioneer 10	First spacecraft to reach Sun's escape velocity.	USA	3 March 1972
Jupiter	Pioneer 10	First flyby, dist. of 132,000 km.	USA	4 December 1973
Mercury	Mariner 10	First flyby, dist. of 703 km.	USA	29 March 1974
Venus	Venera 9	First orbiter. First surface-level imaging of another planet.	USSR	22 October 1975
Sun	Helios 2	Highest velocity of a spacecraft relative to the sun, 252,792 km/h. Closest ever approach to the sun at a record distance of 0.29 AU (43 million km), slightly inside the orbit of Mercury. Record still unbeaten as of November 2009 but to be beaten by the future Solar Orbiter probe (0.23 AU / 33 million km).	West Germany USA	17 April 1976
Mars	Viking 1	First surface-level imaging of Mars.	USA	20 July 1976
Saturn	Pioneer 11	First flyby, dist. of 21,000 km.	USA	1 September 1979
Venus	Venera 13	First sound record on another planet.	USSR	1 March 1982
Trans-Neptunian region	Pioneer 10	First spacecraft to travel past the orbit of Neptune, the furthest major planet from the sun.	USA	13 June 1983
Venus	Vega 1	First helium balloon atmospheric probe.	USSR	11 June 1985
Comet Giacobini-Zinner	International Cometary Explorer (ICE)	First flyby through comet tail, dist. of 7,800 km, no pictures.	USA	11 September 1985
Uranus	Voyager 2	First flyby, dist. of 81,500 km.	USA	24 January 1986
Comet Halley	Vega 1	First comet flyby with pictures returned, dist. of 8,890 km.	USSR	6 March 1986
Orbital Spaceplane	Buran	First fully automated orbital flight of a spaceplane (with airstrip landing).	USSR	15 November 1988
Phobos	Phobos 2	First flyby, dist. of 860 km.	USSR	21 February 1989
Neptune	Voyager 2	First flyby, dist. of 40,000 km.	USA	25 August 1989
951 Gaspra	Galileo	First asteroid flyby, dist. of 1,600 km.	USA	29 October 1991
Jupiter	Galileo probe	First impact.	USA	7 December 1995
Jupiter	Galileo	First orbiter.	USA	8 December 1995
Mars	Mars Pathfinder	First automated roving vehicle – Sojourner.	USA	4 July 1997
433 Eros	NEAR Shoemaker	First asteroid orbiter.	USA	14 February 2000
433 Eros	NEAR Shoemaker	First asteroid soft landing.	USA	12 February 2001
Saturn	Cassini orbiter	First orbiter.	ESA USA	1 July 2004
Solar wind	Genesis	First sample return from farther than the Moon.	USA	8 September 2004
Titan	Huygens probe	First soft landing.	ESA USA	14 January 2005
Comet Tempel 1	Deep Impact	First comet impact.	USA	4 July 2005
25143 Itokawa	Hayabusa	First asteroid ascent. First interplanetary escape without undercarriage cutoff.	Japan	19 November 2005
81P/Wild	Stardust	First sample return from comet.	USA	15 January 2006
Farthest distance from Earth	Voyager 1	At greatest distance from Sun, 20.479 billion km.	USA	As of November 2016[41]
Longest time in operation	Voyager 2	Longest operating space probe, since August 1977	USA	As of 2015
Earth to Venus trajectory	IKAROS	First interplanetary solar sail.	Japan	set sail on 10 June 2010
25143 Itokawa	Hayabusa	First sample return from asteroid.	Japan	13 June 2010
Mercury	MESSENGER	First orbiter.	USA	17 March 2011
Earth–Sun L2 Lagrangian point	Chang'e 2	First object to reach the L2 Lagrangian point directly from lunar orbit.[42]	China	25 August 2011
International Space Station	SpaceX Dragon	First commercial spacecraft to berth with the International Space Station.	SpaceX	25 May 2012
Interstellar Medium	Voyager 1	First spacecraft to cross the Heliopause, exiting the Heliosphere and entering interstellar space.	USA	25 August 2012
4179 Toutatis	Chang'e 2	First object to reach asteroid directly from Sun-Earth Langrangian point. First probe to explore both Moon and asteroid.[43]	China	13 December 2012
67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko	Rosetta	First comet orbiter.[44]	ESA	6 August 2014
67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko	Philae	First comet soft landing.[45]	ESA	12 November 2014
Ceres	Dawn	First dwarf planet orbiter.[46]	USA	6 March 2015
Mars	Opportunity	Longest distance traveled on surface of another world - 26.219 miles (42.195 km) (marathon-length)[47]	USA	23 March 2015 (ongoing)
Mercury	MESSENGER	First impact.[48]	USA	30 April 2015
Pluto	New Horizons	First flyby of Pluto, Charon, Nix, Hydra, Kerberos, and Styx, first up-close images of Pluto system, first images of Pluto and Charon's surfaces, first spacecraft to explore the Kuiper belt.	USA	14 July 2015
All 9 planets in the pre-IAU 2006 redefinition version of the Solar System	All United States spacecrafts including New Horizons	With the New Horizons flyby of Pluto, the United States is the first nation to have its space probes to explore all 9 planets in the pre-2006 IAU redefinition version of the Solar System.	USA	14 July 2015
Earth	Juno	Fastest man-made object relative to Earth, ca. 265,000 km/h.[49]	USA	4 July 2016

See also

• List of cumulative spacewalk records
• List of International Space Station spacewalks
• List of Mir spacewalks
• List of spacewalkers
• List of spacewalks 2000—2014
• List of spacewalks and moonwalks 1965–1999
• List of spacewalks since 2015
• Manned Maneuvering Unit
• Omega Speedmaster
• Simplified Aid For EVA Rescue
• Space suit
• Suitport

References

1. Gebhardt, Chris (12 April 2011). "Anniversaries: 50 years of human spaceflight – 30 years for Shuttle". NASASpaceFlight (not affiliated with NASA). Retrieved 22 June 2015.
2. "Mercury-Redstone 3 (Freedom 7)". NASA. 1 November 2011. Retrieved 22 June 2015.
3. "Mercury-Atlas 6 (Friendship 7)". NASA. 20 November 2006. Retrieved 22 June 2015.
4. "Making History: China's First Human Spaceflight". Space.com. 28 September 2005. Retrieved 22 June 2015.
5. Wall, Mike (11 March 2015). "The Most Extreme Human Spaceflight Records". Space.com. Retrieved 26 June 2015.
6. "Astronaut Biography". NASA.
7. NASA (2005). "Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev Biography". NASA. Retrieved 2007-10-04.
8. NASA (2005). "Krikalev Sets Time-in-Space Record". NASA. Retrieved 2007-10-04.
9. Thompson, Curtiss (29 June 2015). "Russian Cosmonaut Sets Record For Most Time Spent In Space". Penny4NASA. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
10. Russian astronaut record-breaker Padalka returns to Earth, BBC News, 12 September 2015
11. NASA. "Peggy A. Whitson (Ph.D.)". Biographical Data. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Retrieved 2008-05-13.
12. Schwirtz, Michael (2009-03-30). "Staying Put on Earth, Taking a Step to Mars". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-04-15.
13. Pearlman, Robert (26 March 2015). "One Year in Space: A History of Ultra-Long Missions Off Planet Earth". Space.com. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
14. Carroll, Michael (2015). Living Among Giants: Exploring and Settling the Outer Solar System. Springer. p. 195. ISBN 3319106732.
15. Leary, Warren (4 Feb 1994). "Man in the News: Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev; Symbol of New Cooperation". Cape Canaveral: New York Times. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
16. Dunn, Marcia (28 Dec 1997). "Mischief a Specialty for Mir's Doctor in Residence". Associated Press. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
17. Pearlman, Robert (17 June 2010). "Cosmonaut Leonid Kizim, Who Visited 2 Space Stations in 1 Mission, Dies". Space.com. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
18. Wenz, John (27 March 2015). "5 Things You Must Know About Scott Kelly's Year in Space". Popular Mechanics. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
19. "Soviet-era cosmonaut Anatoly Berezovoy, commanded Salyut space station, dies". collectSpace. 20 Sep 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
20. 3 space station astronauts safely return to Earth, Associated Press, IVAN SEKRETAREVS
21. Italian Astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti Sets Record for Women in Space, Robert Z. Pearlman, NBC News, Jun 9 2015
22. Tariq Malik (2007). "Orbital Champ: ISS Astronaut Sets New U.S. Spacewalk Record". Space.com.
23. "Astronaut Bio: Sunita Williams (5/2008)". NASA Logo National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Retrieved 2009-05-07.
24. "10 Years and Counting". NASA. 28 October 2010. Retrieved 22 June 2015.
25. "Astronautic World Records: Spacecraft with one astronaut - General category". Fédération Aéronautique Internationale. This only counts the duration of solo flight within a mission, so a longer mission with solo flight, such as Apollo 17 at 12d+13h duration is surpassed because the solo undocked duration was only 3d+7h.)
26. "Mission Report: Apollo 17 - The Most Productive Lunar Expedition" (PDF). NASA. Retrieved 21 June 2015.
27. "Ronal Evans Biographical Data". NASA. April 1990. Retrieved 21 June 2015. longest time in lunar orbit, 147 hours, 48 minutes
28. Tate, Karl. "Cosmic Menagerie: A History of Animals in Space (Infographic)" (infographic). Space.com. Retrieved June 28, 2014.
29. "Apollo 13 The Seventh Mission: The Third Lunar Landing Attempt 11 April–17 April 1970". NASA. Retrieved 7 November 2015.
30. Dumoulin, Jim (August 25, 2000), NASA Project Gemini-XI, retrieved April 12, 2010
31. http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/wireStory/nasa-astronaut-verge-oldest-woman-space-43579578
32. "most spacewalk".
33. "MAJOR SPACE "FIRSTS'-AN AMERICAN ASSESSMENT" (PDF). Flight. 91 (3028): 459. 1967-03-23. Retrieved 2009-04-15.
34. "Astronauts and Cosmonauts (sorted by "Time in Space")". spacefacts.de. The current missions are listed but not included in day count.
35. Northon, Karen (2016-03-11). "Astronaut Scott Kelly to Retire from NASA in April". NASA. Retrieved 2016-06-01.
36. Michael Foale holds dual U.S./British citizenship.
37. "Astronauts and Cosmonauts flown in space (in alphabetical order)". spacefacts.de. The alphabetical list of astronauts provides the "Total Persons" "Total Person Flights" as well as the "Total person days", excepting the time of astronauts currently in orbit
38. "Manned spaceflights". spacefacts.de. The flight list allows is searched to determine which flight is in orbit, and when it reached orbit. This allows determination of "Total in orbit (@ update) and update the "Total person days" accordingly.
39. "R-1V". Retrieved 30 September 2014.
40. Asif A. Siddiqi. "Challenge to Apollo" (PDF). NASA.; see page. 253
41. "Where are the Voyagers?". Retrieved 2016-11-27. Because Earth moves around the sun faster than Voyager 1 is traveling from Earth, the distance between Earth and the spacecraft actually decreases at certain times of the year.
42. "Ching'e 2 to reaches liberation point 2". 2011-08-27.
43. "China's space probe flies by asteroid Toutatis". Chinadaily.com.cn.16 December 2012.
47. NASA's Opportunity rover celebrates Mars marathon milestone
49. http://www.space.com/33336-nasa-juno-probe-jupiter-orbit-tonight.html

External links

• Russia's unmanned moon missions