Fed Cup

Fed Cup

Current season, competition or edition: 2016 Fed Cup
Sport	Tennis
Founded	1963
No. of teams	8 (World Group) 99 (total 2016)[1]
Countries	ITF member nations
Most recent champion(s)	Czech Republic (10th title)
Most titles	United States (17 titles)
Official website	fedcup.com

Fed Cup is the premier international team competition in women's tennis, launched in 1963 to celebrate the 50th Anniversary of the International Tennis Federation (ITF). The competition was known as the Federation Cup until 1995. The Fed Cup is the world's largest annual women's international team sports competition, in terms of the number of nations that compete.^[2][3]

The men's equivalent of the Fed Cup is the Davis Cup. Australia, Czech Republic and the United States are the only countries that have held both the Fed Cup and Davis Cup at the same time.

History

Dating back to 1919, Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman came up with the idea for a women's team tennis competition. Although rejected, she went ahead and presented a trophy at the 1923 annual contest between the United States and Great Britain, named the Wightman Cup.

Nell Hopman, wife of the legendary Australian Davis Cup Captain Harry Hopman, later took up Mrs. Wightman's original idea. however it was in 1962, when a British resident of the United States, Mary Hardwick Hare, presented a dossier proving that support for such an event was overwhelming, persuading the ITF that it was a 'good idea' to have a team championship played over one week in a different venue each year. 40 years after Wightman's idea of a women's Davis Cup, it become a reality. In 1963, the ITF launched the Federation Cup to celebrate its 35th anniversary. Open to all nations the competition became a resounding success.

The inaugural event attracted 16 countries. The competition was supported by the top players right from the start. Held at the Queen's Club, in London, the first contest was between Australia and the United States. Grand Slam champions Darlene Hard, Billie Jean King, Margaret Smith and Lesley Turner all proudly representing their country on court. The United States would emerged the champion nation in the opening year, however it was to be Australia in the early years, winning seven of the next eleven championships. Around 1980 the United States was able to establish some significant mark on the competition setting in future years a very high standard for others to compete against.

Petra Kvitová with the trophy for the Fed Cup winners, 2011, Moscow

The first Federation Cup had attracted 16 entry teams, despite no prize money and teams having to meet their own expenses. When sponsorship became available, the number of teams expanded dramatically, first by the Colgate Group in 1976, and, from 1981 to 1994 by the Japanese communications and computer giant NEC. In 1994, there were 73 nations competing, with the host nation of a Federation Cup week was now being required to build a special tennis complex, giving rise to what became known as the Federation Cup "legacy." The additional costs of each event could be offset with the host nations viewing their involvement as providing an opportunity to boost their national game.

Regional qualifying competitions emerged in time for the 1992 and, in 1995, the Federation Cup used a new format and shortened its name to the Fed Cup. The home-and-away format trialled by the Davis Cup, was adopted for the Fed Cup so that women, could play for their country in their own country. There have been a number of smaller changes to the format since 1995, the current format, introduced in 2005, incorporates an eight Nation World Group I and eight nation World Group II both playing home-and-away over three weekends throughout the year. Three regional groups compete and there are promotions and demotions based on results.

Format

Tournament

While many nations enter the Fed Cup each year, only 16 countries qualify for the elite World Group and World Group II each year (eight in World Group and eight in World Group II).^[4]

They reach World Group and World Group II as follows:

(a) World Group - the four nations that win their World Group first round tie remain in the World Group for the following year. First round losers contest the World Group Play-offs against the four winning nations from World Group II to determine relegation/promotion for the following year's competition. (The four nations that win World Group Play-offs will be in the World Group the following year, while the four losers will start the following year in World Group II.)

(b) World Group II - the four nations that win their World Group II ties will compete in the World Group I Play-Offs to determine relegation/promotion for the following year, as described above. Similarly the four nations that lose their World Group II ties will face winning nations from Group I Zonal competitions, in the World Group II Play-offs, to determine relegation/promotion. (The four nations that win their World Group II Play-offs will be in World Group II the following year, while the four losers will begin the next year in Group I Zonal events.)

Once in the World Group or World Group II, four nations will be seeded in each. The decision as to which nations will be seeded is made by the Fed Cup Committee, according to the ITF Fed Cup Nations Ranking.

At the levels below the World Group and World Group II, the Fed Cup nations compete in Zonal Competition events, which are split into three zones: The Americas Zone, the Asia/Oceania Zone and the Europe/Africa Zone. In each zone there are two groups, Group I being the higher and Group II the lower, except for the Europe/Africa Zone, which also has a Group III.

Within the Group zonal regions, teams are split into pools and play against each other in a round robin format. The exact format of each Group event, and promotion and relegation between them, varies according to the number of participating teams. Two teams are always promoted from Europe/Africa Group I to that year's World Group II Play-Offs, while one team each go to the World Group II Play-Offs from Americas Group I and Asia/Oceania Zone Group I.

Current structure

This structure has been implemented since 2016.^[4][5]

Level	Group(s)
1	World Group I 8 countries
	World Group I Playoff 4 countries from World Group I + 4 countries from World Group II
2	World Group II 8 countries
	World Group II Playoff 4 countries from World Group II + 2 countries from Group One Euro/African Zone + 1 country from Group One Americas Zone + 1 country from Group One Asia/Oceania Zone
3	Group One American Zone 8 countries	Group One Euro/African Zone 14 countries	Group One Asia/Oceania Zone 8 countries
4	Group Two American Zone 10 countries	Group Two Euro/African Zone 8 countries	Group Two Asia/Oceania Zone 13 countries
5		Group Three Euro/African Zone 22 countries

Ties

In World Group and World Group II, and World Group and World Group II Play-Off ties, each tie is contested in a best of five matches format, and is played across two days. On the first day there are two singles matches, and then the reverse singles matches take place on the following day. The final match is a doubles.

In Zonal Groups I, II and III, ties are played over the best of three matches (two singles and a doubles).

The First Round Ties in the World Group and World Group II are played on a home and away knock-out basis, and take place over a weekend in the early part of the year.

World Group Semifinals and Final are played over on a home and away knock-out basis, and take place over a weekend in July (Semifinals) and September (Final).

Play-Off ties for World Group and World Group II will also be played on a home and away knock-out basis taking place in July.

The choice of ground for First Round, Semifinals and Play-Off ties is decided by lot or goes automatically to one of the competing nations.

As Groups I, II and III are played in a round robin format in all three zones, each event takes place at a single venue over one week. These are held in the first half of the year (to allow promotion of teams to the World Group II Play-Off ties in second half of the year), and dates and venues are decided by the Fed Cup Committee.

Records and statistics

Performance by team

Country	Years won[6]	Runners-up[6]
United States	1963, 1966, 1967, 1969, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1986, 1989, 1990, 1996, 1999, 2000 (17)	1964, 1965, 1974, 1985, 1987, 1991, 1994, 1995, 2003, 2009, 2010 (11)
Czechoslovakia  Czech Republic	1975, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1988, 2011, 2012, 2014, 2015, 2016 (10)	1986 (1)
Australia	1964, 1965, 1968, 1970, 1971, 1973, 1974 (7)	1963, 1969, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1984, 1993 (10)
Spain	1991, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1998 (5)	1989, 1992, 1996, 2000, 2002, 2008 (6)
Soviet Union  Russia	2004, 2005, 2007, 2008 (4)	1988, 1990, 1999, 2001, 2011, 2013, 2015 (7)
Italy	2006, 2009, 2010, 2013 (4)	2007 (1)
West Germany  Germany	1987, 1992 (2)	1966, 1970, 1982, 1983, 2014 (5)
France	1997, 2003 (2)	2004, 2005, 2016 (3)
South Africa	1972 (1)	1973 (1)
Belgium	2001 (1)	2006 (1)
Slovakia	2002 (1)	(0)
Great Britain	(0)	1967, 1971, 1972, 1981 (4)
Netherlands	(0)	1968, 1997 (2)
Switzerland	(0)	1998 (1)
Serbia	(0)	2012 (1)

Fed Cup Champions

Team records

• Consecutive titles
  • All-time: 7, United States, 1976–1982
• Consecutive finals appearances
  • All-time: 8, Australia, 1973–1980
• Most number of games in a tie
  • All-time: 172, France 4–1 Japan, 1997 World Group first round

• Years present in World Group

1. France 51
2. USA 50
3. Italy 49
4. Germany 46
5. Belgium 42
6. Australia 41
7. Spain 40
8. Czech Republic 39
9. Switzerland 37
10. Japan 34
11. Russia 34
12. Netherlands 34
13. Argentina 33
14. Austria 32
15. Canada 32
16. Great Britain 31
17. Sweden 29
18. Denmark 26
19. New Zealand 23
20. Indonesia 22
21. South Africa 20
22. Brazil 19
23. South Korea 19
24. Israel 19
25. Mexico 18
26. Hungary 18
27. Norway 17
28. Yugoslavia 17
29. Bulgaria 17
30. Greece 16
31. China 16
32. Poland 14
33. Romania 13
34. Ireland 12
35. Luxembourg 10
36. Finland 10
37. Slovakia 10
38. Chinese Taipei 9
39. Chile 9
40. Uruguay 8
41. Croatia 8
42. Philippines 6
43. Portugal 6
44. Hong Kong 5
45. Peru 5
46. Colombia 5
47. Thailand 4
48. Paraguay 3
49. Serbia 3
50. Latvia 2
51. Slovenia 2
52. Ukraine 2
53. Morocco 1
54. Ecuador 1
55. Iran 1
56. Venezuela 1
57. Egypt 1
58. Malta 1
59. Dominican Republic 1
60. Belarus 1

Individual records

• Youngest player
  • Denise Panagopoulou; Greece; 12 years, 360 days¹
• Oldest player
  • Gill Butterfield; Bermuda; 52 years, 162 days
• Most rubbers played
  • 100, Arantxa Sánchez Vicario, Spain
• Most ties played
  • 74, Anne Kremer, Luxembourg
• Most rubbers won
  • Total: 72, Arantxa Sánchez Vicario, Spain
  • Singles: 50, Arantxa Sánchez Vicario, Spain
  • Doubles: 38, Larisa Neiland, Soviet Union/Latvia
• Longest rubber
  • 2016 World Group: Richel Hogenkamp defeated Svetlana Kuznetsova in 4 hours, 7-6^(7-4), 5-7, 10-8.^[7]
• Most successful captain
  • Petr Pála; 5 titles^[8]

¹Players must now be aged 14 and over

Heart Award

It aims to recognise players who have represented their country with distinction, shown exceptional courage on court and demonstrated outstanding commitment to the team during Fed Cup by BNP Paribas.^[9]

Year	Winner
2009	Melanie Oudin

Year	World Group SF	WG / WG II play-offs	WG / WG II R1	Americas ZG I	Asia/Oceania ZG I	Europe/Africa ZG I
2010	Francesca Schiavone	Yanina Wickmayer	Jelena Janković	Maria Fernanda Alves	Kimiko Date-Krumm	Katarina Srebotnik
2011	Petra Kvitová	Andrea Petkovic	Bojana Jovanovski	Bianca Botto	Ayumi Morita	Victoria Azarenka
2012	Jelena Janković		Daniela Hantuchová	Catalina Castaño	Li Na	Sofia Arvidsson
2013	Sara Errani		Daniela Hantuchová	Paula Cristina Gonçalves	Galina Voskoboeva	Agnieszka Radwańska
2014	Andrea Petkovic		Agnieszka Radwańska	Teliana Pereira	Sabina Sharipova	Simona Halep
2015	Lucie Šafářová	Flavia Pennetta	Irina-Camelia Begu	Verónica Cepede Royg	Tamarine Tanasugarn	Çağla Büyükakçay
2016	Caroline Garcia	Hsu Ching-Wen	Aliaksandra Sasnovich	Nadia Podoroska	Hsieh Su-wei	Kateryna Bondarenko

Current rankings

For more information, see ITF Rankings

ITF Fed Cup Nations Ranking, as of 14 November 2016[10]
#	Nation	Points	Move^†
1	Czech Republic	38,575.00
2	France	15,615.00
3	Germany	11,410.00
4	Russia	11,405.00
5	Netherlands	8,362.50	1
6	Italy	8,327.50	1
7	Switzerland	7,955.00
8	Belarus	6,105.00
9	Spain	5,592.50
10	United States	5,475.00
11	Australia	4,215.00
12	Romania	4,110.00
13	Ukraine	3,247.50
14	Belgium	3,115.00
15	Slovakia	2,970.00
16	Chinese Taipei	2,690.00
17	Canada	2,502.50
18	Poland	2,457.50
19	Argentina	2,400.00
20	Paraguay	2,352.50

^†Change since previous ranking update

See also

• List of Fed Cup champions
• International Tennis Federation
• Davis Cup
• Hopman Cup
• Wightman Cup

References

1. "Fed Cup Number of Nations Participating per Year". www.fedcup.com. ITF. Retrieved 15 January 2016.
2. Glenday, Craig, ed. (2008). Guinness World Records 2008. Bantam Books. p. 497. ISBN 9780553589955.
3. "About Fed Cup by BNP Paribas". itftennis.com. ITF. Retrieved 13 January 2016.
4. "Fed Cup Format". www.fedcup.com. ITF. Retrieved 13 January 2016.
5. "Fed Cup Rules & Regulations". www.fedcup.com. ITF. 13 January 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2016.
6. "Fed Cup Champions". www.fedcup.com. ITF. Retrieved 13 January 2016.
7. Erik Gudris (6 February 2016). "Hogenkamp Wins Longest Ever Fed Cup Match Over Kuznetsova". Tennisnow.com. Retrieved 6 February 2016.
8. Strength in Depth the Key for Five-Star Czech Republic, WTA official website, 14 November 2016
9. "Fed Cup Heart Award". www.fedcup.com. ITF. Retrieved 13 January 2016.
10. "Nations Ranking". fedcup.com. International Tennis Federation.

External links

• Official Fed Cup website