Giovanni Amendola

The Honourable Giovanni Amendola
Amendola in 1923.
Minister of the Colonies
In office 26 February 1922 – 30 October 1922
Prime Minister	Luigi Facta
Preceded by	Giuseppe Girardini
Succeeded by	Luigi Federzoni
Member of the Italian Chamber
In office 1 December 1919 – 7 April 1926
Constituency	Salerno
Personal details
Born	15 April 1882 Naples, Italy
Died	7 April 1926 (aged 43) Cannes, France
Nationality	Italian
Political party	Italian Socialist Party (1897–1899) Radical Party (1900–1899) Liberals–Democrats–Radicals (1900–1921) Democractic Liberal Party (1921–1926)
Spouse(s)	Eva Kuhn (m. 1906–26); his death
Children	Giorgio (1907–1980) Adelaide (1910–1980) Antonio (1916–1953) Pietro (1918–2007)
Alma mater	University of Florence
Profession	Journalist, philosopher
Religion	Deism Roman Catholicism (baptized)

Giovanni Amendola (15 April 1882 in Naples – 7 April 1926 in Cannes) was an Italian journalist and politician, noted as an opponent of Fascism.

Biography

Amendola was born in Naples. After he graduated with a degree in philosophy, he collaborated with such newspapers as Il Leonardo of Giovanni Papini and La Voce of Giuseppe Prezzolini. After that, he obtained the chair of theoretical philosophy at the University of Pisa.

Attracted by politics, he was elected three times to the Italian Chamber of Deputies for Salerno. In the 1910s, Amendola supported the Italian liberal movement, but he was completely against the ideology of Giovanni Giolitti. During World War I, he adopted a position of democratic irredentism and, at the end of the war, was nominated minister by Prime Minister Francesco Saverio Nitti.

His critical positions while confronting the right-wing extremism cost him a series of attacks by hired Fascist killers. In 1924 Amendola refused to adhere to the "Listone Mussolini", and attempted to become Prime Minister, at the head of a liberal coalition which ran in the elections. He was defeated, but continued the democratic battle by writing columns for the Il Mondo, a new daily newspaper which he founded together with other intellectuals.

Amendola is probably most famous for his publishing of the Rossi Testimony on 27 December 1924, during the height of the Matteotti Crisis, in one of his newspapers. The document directly implicated Prime Minister Mussolini in the murder of Giacomo Matteotti (leader of the Socialist PSU party) on the 10 June 1924, as well as declaring that he (Mussolini) was behind the reign of terror which led up to the 1924 general elections (held 6 April).

Resented by Benito Mussolini for his prominent activism, Amendola was, together with the United Socialist Party deputy Giacomo Matteotti and the popular priest Don Giovanni Minzoni, one of the régime's earliest victims: he died at Cannes in agony from violence inflicted by Blackshirts.

His son, Giorgio Amendola, was an important communist writer and politician.