International Alliance of Women

International Alliance of Women
Alliance Internationale des Femmes

Formation	Berlin, 3 June 1904
Founder	Carrie Chapman Catt
Type	INGO
Purpose	Political advocacy
Headquarters	Geneva
Membership	Over 50 organizations world-wide
Official language	English and French
President	Joanna Manganara
Secretary-General	Mmabatho Ramagoshi
Affiliations	General Consultative Status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council, Participatory Status with the Council of Europe
Website	womenalliance.org

The International Alliance of Women (IAW; French: Alliance Internationale des Femmes, AIF) is an international non-governmental organization that works to promote women's human rights around the world, focusing particularly on empowerment of women and development issues and more broadly on gender equality. The basic principle of the IAW is that the full and equal enjoyment of human rights is due to all women and girls. It is one of the oldest, largest and most influential organizations in its field. The organization was founded in 1904 in Berlin by Helene Lange, Carrie Chapman Catt, Millicent Fawcett and other leading feminists to campaign for women's suffrage. Originally named the International Woman Suffrage Alliance (IWSA) and headquartered in London, it was the preeminent international women's suffrage organization. Its emphasis has since shifted to a broad human rights focus. Today it represents over 50 organizations world-wide comprising several hundred thousand members, and has its seat in Geneva.l

From 1926, the organization had strong ties to the League of Nations. Since 1947, the IAW has had general consultative status to the United Nations Economic and Social Council, the highest UN status possible for a non-governmental organization, the 4th organization to be granted this status. The IAW also has participatory status with the Council of Europe. It has representatives at the UN headquarters in New York, the UN office in Geneva, the UN office in Vienna, UNESCO in Paris, the Food and Agriculture Organization in Rome and the Council of Europe in Strasbourg. It also has representatives to the Arab League in Cairo and the Gulf Countries Council in Riyadh, and is an influential member of the European Women's Lobby in Brussels. Its President and Chief Representative to the United Nations is Joanna Manganara. Its current main UN representative in New York Soon-Young Yoon is also chair of the NGO Committee on the Status of Women, New York and First Vice-President of the Conference of NGOs. IAW's official working languages are English and French.

History

Co-founder and Vice President, Dame Millicent Fawcett

The decision for the establishment of the organization was taken in Washington in 1902 by suffragists frustrated at the reluctance of the International Council of Women to support women's suffrage.^[1] The Alliance was formally constituted in Berlin in 1904 as the International Woman Suffrage Alliance (IWSA), and was headquartered in London for much of its history.^[2] Amongst subsequent congresses were those held in Copenhagen (1906), Amsterdam (1908), London (1909), Stockholm (June 1911), and Budapest (1913).^[3] The French Union for Women's Suffrage (UFSF), founded in February 1909. was formally recognized by the IWFA congress in London in April 1909 as representing the French suffrage movement.^[4] The IWSA also started its own monthly journal, the Jus Suffragii. The IWSA, influenced by Millicent Fawcett against the militancy of suffragettes in the style of Emmeline Pankhurst, initially refused membership to the WSPU at their 1906 Copenhagen meeting.^[3]

In the late 1920s the organization changed its name to the International Alliance of Women for Suffrage and Equal Citizenship, and in 1946 this was altered to its current name, International Alliance of Women.^[5][6] The first Executive Board included Carrie Chapman Catt (President), Anita Augspurg (1st Vice President), Donovan Bolden (2nd Vice President) and Rachel Foster Avery (Secretary).

The organization's first President Carrie Chapman Catt also founded the League of Women Voters in the United States during her presidency.

The organization's traditional colour, used to symbolize women's rights and women's suffrage, is yellow.^[7]

Conferences

• 1st, Washington, D.C., 1902
• 2nd, Berlin, 1904
• 3rd, Copenhagen, 1906
• 4th, Amsterdam, 1908
• 5th, London, 1909
• 6th, Stockholm, 1911
• 7th, Budapest, 1913
• 8th, Geneva, 1920
• 9th, Rome, 1923
• 19th, Paris, 1926
• 11th, Berlin, 1929
• 12th, Istanbul, 1935
• 13th, Copenhagen, 1939
• 14th, Interlaken, 1946
• 15th, Amsterdam, 1949
• 16th, Naples, 1952
• 17th, Colombo, Ceylon, 1955
• 18th, Athens, 1958
• 19th, Dublin, 1961
• 20th
• 21st, England, 1967
• 22nd, Konigstein, West Germany, 1970
• 23rd, New Delhi, 1973

Organization

The IAW's first President Carrie Chapman Catt

Plate with the symbol and motto of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance (IWSA). Text: "Jus Suffragii" (the right to vote). Lady Justitita holding a balance in her right hand.

An International Congress is held triennially in the home country of a member organization, and elects the Executive Board. The current President and Chief Representative to the United Nations is Joanna Manganara. The Executive Board also includes the Secretary-General, the Treasurer and until 20 other members, including two Executive Vice Presidents as well as Vice Presidents for Europe, the Arab countries, the Arab states of the Persian Gulf, and South Asia.

Presidents

1. Carrie Chapman Catt (USA) 1904–1923
2. Dame Margery Corbett Ashby (UK) 1923–1946
3. Hanna Rydh (Sweden) 1946–1952
4. Ester Graff (Denmark) 1952–1958
5. Ezlynn Deraniyagala (Sri Lanka) 1958–1964
6. Begum Anwar Ahmed (Pakistan) 1964–1970
7. Edith Anrep (Sweden) 1970–1973
8. Irène de Lipkowski (France) 1973–1979
9. Olive Bloomer (UK) 1979–1989
10. Alice Yotopoulos-Marangopoulos (Greece) 1989–1996
11. Patricia Giles (Australia) 1996–2004
12. Rosy Weiss (Austria) 2004–2010
13. Lyda Verstegen (The Netherlands) 2010–2013
14. Joanna Manganara (Greece) 2013–

Current status

The IAW represents more than 50 organizations world-wide and has attracted many individual members. The IAW was granted general consultative status to the United Nations Economic and Social Council, the highest level possible, in 1947,^[8] and has participatory status with the Council of Europe.^[9] The IAW has permanent representatives in New York, Vienna, Geneva, Paris, Rome, Nairobi and Strasbourg and addresses the European Union through its membership in the European Women’s Lobby^[10] in Brussels. The IAW's current representative to the UN headquarters, Soon-Young Yoon, is also chair of the NGO Committee on the Status of Women, New York.

The IAW pays particular attention to the universal ratification and implementation without reservation of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) and its Optional Protocol. The current IAW Commissions deal with the topics: Justice and Human Rights; Democracy; Peace; Elimination of Violence and Health.

Members

Affiliates (full members) Association des femmes de l’Europe Méridionale,  France All India Women's Conference,  India All Pakistan Women's Association,  Pakistan Association Suisse pour les Droits de la Femme,   Switzerland Bangladesh Mahila Samity,  Bangladesh CILAF-LFDF,  France Coterie of Social Workers,  Trinidad and Tobago Country Women’s Association of India,  India Danish Women's Society,  Denmark Deutscher Frauenring,  Germany German Association of Female Citizens,  Germany Fédération des Femmes Burkinabe,  Burkina Faso Frauen Netzwerk für Frieden,  Germany Frederika Bremer Förbundet,  Sweden Hoda Chawari Association,  Egypt Israel Federation of the Women's International Zionist Organization,  Israel Kvenrettindafelag Islands,  Iceland League of Women Voters of Japan,  Japan Ligue Hellénique pour le Droits des Femmes,  Greece Lithuanian Women’s Society,  Lithuania Lucy Stone League,  USA Mauritius Alliance of Women,  Mauritius Nederlandse Vereniging voor Vrouwenbelangen,  The Netherlands Norwegian Association for Women's Rights,  Norway Pancyprian Movement Equal Rights & Equal Responsibilities,  Cyprus Sri Lanka Women’s Conference,  Sri Lanka Union of Kuwaiti Women’s Associations,  Kuwait Unioni Naisasialiito Suomessa Ry,  Finland Women's Electoral Lobby,  Australia Zambia Alliance of Women,  Zambia

Associate members Alliance of Women of Serbia,  Serbia Action Sociale pour le Développement Intégral de la fille et de la femme congolaise,  Democratic Republic of the Congo Association pour le Planning Familial et l’Epanouissement de la Femme,  Mali Autonomes FRAUENzentrum,  Austria Bali Women’s Union of Farming Groups,  Cameroon Croatian Alliance of Women IWAD,  Croatia Egyptian Society for the Development of Local Communities,  Egypt Fédération de Femmes pour la Paix et le Développement,  Democratic Republic of the Congo Femmes rurales contre la violence et les maladies sexuellement transmissibles,  Democratic Republic of the Congo Fund for Women in Asia,  USA Josephine Butler Society,  United Kingdom La Colombe,  Togo League of Women Voters of Victoria,  Australia Metro Manila Council of Women Balikatan,  Philippines Mmabatho Foundation Women’s Development,  South Africa ONG-SAPHTA,  Niger Platform of Women’s Empowerment and Rights,  Bangladesh Promo Femmes/Développement Solidarité,  Burkina Faso Saroj Nalini Dutt Memorial Association,  India Slum Aid Project,  Uganda Sri Lanka Women’s Association UK,  United Kingdom Union of Australian Women (Victoria) Inc.,  Australia Women’s Comfort Corner,  Zimbabwe Women’s Rights Movement of the Philippines,  Philippines

See also

• List of suffragists and suffragettes
• List of women's rights activists
• List of women's rights organizations
• Women's suffrage organizations
• Timeline of women's suffrage
• Timeline of women's rights (other than voting)

References

1. Liddington 1989, p. 37.
2. Liddington 1989, p. 56.
3. Liddington 1989, p. 63.
4. Hause 2002.
5. The International Alliance of Women Records, 1906-2004
6. Boles & Hoeveler 2004, p. 21.
7. Lumsden 1997, p. 162.
8. ECOSOC NGO database
9. CoE List of participatory NGOs
10. EWL member organizations

Sources

• Boles, Janet K.; Hoeveler, Diane Long (2004). Historical Dictionary of Feminism. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0-8108-4946-1.
• Hause, Steven C. (2002). "Union Française Pour Le Suffrage Des Femmes (UFSF)". In Helen Tierney. Women's Studies Encyclopedia. Greenwood Press. Retrieved 2015-03-13.
• Liddington, Jill (1989). The Road to Greenham Common: Feminism and Anti-militarism in Britain Since 1820. Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0-8156-2539-1. Retrieved 2015-03-13.
• Lumsden, Linda J. (1997). "Appendix I". Rampant Women: Suffragists and the Right of Assembly. Univ. of Tennessee Press. ISBN 1572331631.

Further reading

• Rupp, Leila J. (2011), "Transnational Women's Movements", European History Online, Mainz: Institute of European History
• Archives of International Alliance of Women are held at The Women's Library at the Library of the London School of Economics
• International Alliance of Women 1904-2004
• International Alliance of Women Records 1906-2009 Finding Aid, Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College

External links

• Official site
• International Alliance of Women Records, 1906-2009 Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College
• International Woman Suffrage Alliance archives at the John Rylands Library, Manchester.
• Constitution in the Woman's Rights Collection, 1909. Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University.