Jazz in India

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A Lady Playing the Tanpura, ca. 1735 (Rajasthan)
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Jazz music in India originated in the 1920s in Bombay and in Calcutta, where African-American jazz musicians performed.[1] They inspired Goan musicians who then imbibed jazz into the sounds of India’s Hindi film music industry. There has been much interaction between Indian music and jazz music. An active jazz scene exists today in cities like Mumbai, Pune, Delhi, Goa and Kolkata

History

In India, jazz was probably first performed regularly in the metropoles Calcutta and Bombay in the early or middle 1920s.[2][3] The era from the 1930s to the 1950s is often called as the golden age of jazz in India. It began with jazz musicians like Leon Abbey, Crickett Smith, Creighton Thompson, Ken Mac, Roy Butler, Teddy Weatherford (who recorded with Louis Armstrong), and Rudy Jackson who toured India to avoid the racial discrimination they faced in the United States.[4] In the winter of 1935, Leon Abbey, a violinist from Minnesota brought the first 8-piece band to Bombay.[5]

In the 1930s, India’s freedom struggle against the British had reached a crucial stage. Bombay was a rising metropolis. There was also a great sense of political freedom, which was being transmitted into the arts. The ballrooms of five-star hotels and in the nightclubs of major Indian cities were jazz centres. As nationalism swept the country, these venues became the refuge of the European and Indian elite, the aristocrats, the moneyed and the public servants. During this period, musicians such as Chic Chocolate, Frank Fernand, Micky Correa, Rudy Cotton, Hal and Henry Green, Josic Menzie, Pamela McCarthy, and Chris Perry were at the forefront of the burgeoning jazz scene in Bombay, the nerve center of which was at the Taj Mahal hotel ballroom, which became the node of essential transmission of cultural messages between East and West. These musicians often played at five-star hotels, but they were regulars at the second level, at the Ambassador Starlight Roof Gardens, the Bristol Grill, the Dadar Catholic Institute, the Greens Hotel, the Ritz Roof Garden, the West End Hotel Roof Garden and the YMCA. Many of these musicians were Goans, because Goans learnt western music under Portuguese rule. Most of the Goan jazz musicians also worked in the Bollywood film industry and were responsible for the introduction of genres like jazz and swing to Hindi film music. Interestingly, though jazz in India began as an entertainment for the elite, it made its way to the working class and into Hindi films. Frank Fernand and Anthony Gonsalves not only infused the sound of western music into Bollywood, but were also filled with India's new-found nationalism and developed an authentic foundation to link the world of jazz with that of Indian classical music.[6] The jazz fraternity was also a melting pot of people of different communities because there were Goans, Anglo-Indians and people from other communities like Rudy Cotton who was a Parsi.

Present

Today, some the centres of Jazz in India are Mumbai, Pune, Delhi, Kolkata and Goa. There is a following for jazz in Goa[7][8] and a jazz festival was held in Goa in 2012.[9] Annual festivals such as the Jazz Utsav and NCPA Jazz Festival have been bringing European and American jazz musicians to India in recent years. Clubs such as Blue Frog and Downstairs at Zo in New Delhi and Mumbai now frequently feature jazz acts. Congo Square is a Jazz fest held in Kolkata since 2003 bringing international acts in the city, like Herbie Hancock, Wayne Shorter, Mynta, Jonas Hellborg.

Indo jazz

See also: Indo jazz and Sitar in jazz

Jazz and Indian classical music share some similarities, one of them being that they both involve improvisation. Musicians realised this and collaborations between Indian classical musicians and Western jazz musicians which had commenced in the 1940s led to the development of a new genre of music called Indo jazz consisting of jazz, classical and Indian influences. Ravi Shankar, John Coltrane, John Mayer and John McLaughlin were some of the pioneers of the fusion of jazz and Indian music.[10][11] Conversely, Indian classical music has also had a significant impact on a subgenre of jazz music known as free jazz.[12][13]

References

  1. ↑ http://www.kahajaun.com/festival/international-jazz-festival/
  2. ↑ Sahar Adil (2009-08-10). "Jazz Music and India, By Madhav Chari". Mybangalore.com. Retrieved 2012-07-17.
  3. ↑ Shope, Bradley (2016). American Popular Music in Britain's Raj. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press. p. 63. ISBN 9781580465489.
  4. ↑ Taj Mahal Foxtrot: The Story of Bombay's Jazz Age, Naresh Fernandes, 2012, ISBN 9788174367594
  5. ↑ http://www.afropop.org/wp/8489/hip-deep-interview-naresh-fernandes-on-bombays-jazz-age/
  6. ↑ "The Indian jazz age". Frontlineonnet.com. 2012-04-06. Retrieved 2012-07-17.
  7. ↑ "Jazz from Goa, India". Jazzgoa.wordpress.com. Retrieved 2012-07-17.
  8. ↑ "Jazz in Goa / Jazz in India". Heritage Jazz. Retrieved 2012-07-17.
  9. ↑ Sara Pires, TNN Mar 26, 2012, 03.57PM IST (2012-03-26). "Jazz in Goa - Times Of India". Articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 2012-07-17.
  10. ↑ Satyajit Roychaudhury. "Indian Music and Jazz: Reflections of Form" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-07-17.
  11. ↑ Sep 26, 2009, 11.19am IST (2009-09-26). "All about 'Jazz' - Times Of India". Articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 2012-07-17.
  12. ↑ Rossi, Marc (2003-03-29). "The Influence of Indian Music on Jazz | The Current". Rain Computers. Retrieved 2012-07-17.
  13. ↑ "Jazz and the Subcontinent". Rootsworld.com. Retrieved 2012-07-17.

External links

Further reading

Bradley Shope, American Popular Music in Britain's Raj. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press, 2016 ISBN 9781580465489.

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