Jingzhou

Not to be confused with Jinzhou.
This article is about the modern city. For the ancient administrative division, see Jingzhou (ancient China). For other uses, see Jingzhou (disambiguation).
Jingzhou
荆州市
Prefecture-level city

Jingzhou old city wall.

Location of Jingzhou City jurisdiction in Hubei
Jingzhou

Location in Hubei

Coordinates: 30°20′N 112°13′E / 30.333°N 112.217°E / 30.333; 112.217
Country China
Province Hubei
Area
 • Prefecture-level city 14,068.68 km2 (5,431.95 sq mi)
 • Urban 1,562.2 km2 (603.2 sq mi)
 • Metro 1,562.2 km2 (603.2 sq mi)
Population (2010 census[1])
 • Prefecture-level city 5,691,707
 • Density 400/km2 (1,000/sq mi)
 • Urban 1,154,086
 • Urban density 740/km2 (1,900/sq mi)
 • Metro 1,154,086
 • Metro density 740/km2 (1,900/sq mi)
Time zone China Standard (UTC+8)
Licence plate prefixes 鄂D
Website http://www.jingzhou.gov.cn/
Jingzhou

"Jingzhou", as written in Chinese
Simplified Chinese 荆州
Traditional Chinese 荊州
Postal Kingchow

Jingzhou (Chinese: 荆州) is a prefecture-level city in southern Hubei, China, located on the banks of the Yangtze River. As of the 2010 census, its total population was 5,691,707, 1,154,086 of whom resided in the built-up (or metro) area comprising the two urban districts.

Jingzhou's central urban area has grown out of a city historically known as Shashi; this name is preserved in the name of Shashi District, which includes the city's historical center, as well as in the names of a number of local facilities, such as Shashi Airport and a railway freight station.

Geography and climate

Jingzhou occupies an area of 14,067 square kilometres (5,431 sq mi) with a topography rising from east to west. It is covered by a dense network of waterways, as well as lakes, and is located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River on the Jianghan Plain. Downstream to its east lies Wuhan, the provincial capital and to the west the city of Yichang, the Three Gorges, and finally Chongqing Municipality. Jingmen City, also in Hubei, lies to the north; to its south are Yueyang and Changde, both in Hunan Province.

Jingzhou has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), with hot, humid summers, and damp, chilly, but drier winters. Monthly daily average temperatures range from 4.1 °C (39.4 °F) in January to 28.0 °C (82.4 °F) in July. The area receives 1,800 to 2,000 hours of sunshine per year and has a frost-free period of 242−263 days annually.[2]

Climate data for Jingzhou(1971−2000)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 21.9
(71.4)		 25.0
(77)		 28.0
(82.4)		 33.1
(91.6)		 35.4
(95.7)		 37.2
(99)		 37.9
(100.2)		 38.6
(101.5)		 36.8
(98.2)		 33.2
(91.8)		 29.3
(84.7)		 21.1
(70)		 38.6
(101.5)
Average high °C (°F) 8.1
(46.6)		 10.2
(50.4)		 14.2
(57.6)		 21.1
(70)		 26.1
(79)		 29.3
(84.7)		 32.0
(89.6)		 32.0
(89.6)		 27.5
(81.5)		 22.4
(72.3)		 16.3
(61.3)		 10.8
(51.4)		 20.8
(69.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) 4.1
(39.4)		 6.0
(42.8)		 10.1
(50.2)		 16.7
(62.1)		 21.6
(70.9)		 25.2
(77.4)		 28.0
(82.4)		 27.7
(81.9)		 23.0
(73.4)		 17.6
(63.7)		 11.7
(53.1)		 6.4
(43.5)		 16.5
(61.7)
Average low °C (°F) 0.9
(33.6)		 2.8
(37)		 6.6
(43.9)		 12.9
(55.2)		 17.9
(64.2)		 21.8
(71.2)		 24.7
(76.5)		 24.4
(75.9)		 19.6
(67.3)		 14.0
(57.2)		 8.0
(46.4)		 2.9
(37.2)		 13.0
(55.5)
Record low °C (°F) −14.9
(5.2)		 −9.2
(15.4)		 −1
(30)		 −0.1
(31.8)		 9.8
(49.6)		 13.0
(55.4)		 18.1
(64.6)		 17.5
(63.5)		 10.6
(51.1)		 1.7
(35.1)		 −3
(27)		 −6.3
(20.7)		 −14.9
(5.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 29.6
(1.165)		 44.8
(1.764)		 75.4
(2.969)		 107.6
(4.236)		 140.8
(5.543)		 159.9
(6.295)		 151.2
(5.953)		 119.9
(4.72)		 89.3
(3.516)		 86.8
(3.417)		 55.2
(2.173)		 23.4
(0.921)		 1,083.9
(42.672)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 8.2 9.1 12.9 12.8 13.3 13.0 10.5 9.4 9.2 10.6 8.5 6.8 124.3
Source: Weather China[2]

Demographics

According to the 2010 Census, the prefecture-level city of Jingzhou has 5,691,707 inhabitants and a population density of 405 inhabitants per km².[3]

Administration

The prefecture-level city of Jingzhou has jurisdiction over two districts, three county-level cities and three counties. The information here presented uses the metric system and data from the 2010 Census.

Map
Name Simplified Chinese Hanyu Pinyin Area
（K㎡）		 Population
（2010）		 Density
（/K㎡）
Jingzhou District 荆州区 Jīngzhōu Qū 1,046 553,756 529
Shashi District 沙市区 Shāshì Qū 469 498,526 1,063
Songzi City 松滋市 Sōngzī Shì 2,235 765,911 343
Shishou City 石首市 Shíshǒu Shì 1,427 577,022 404
Honghu City 洪湖市 Hónghú Shì 2,519 819,446 325
Jiangling County 江陵县 Jiānglíng Xiàn 1,032 331,344 321
Gong'an County 公安县 Gōng'ān Xiàn 2,258 881,128 390
Jianli County 监利县 Jiānlì Xiàn 3,118 1,162,770 373

History

A mummy discovered with all part of the body, at the Jingzhou museum

Jingzhou has been a transportation hub and commodity distribution center for 6,000 years.

The ancient city of Jingzhou forms what is now the main urban area of Jiangling County, which is one of the counties within Jingzhou City. Situated in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, this has been a strategic location of military importance since ancient times.

Ying, within the borders of present-day Jingzhou, was the capital of 20 kings over 411 years of the State of Chu during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods of the Zhou Dynasty (1046 BCE - 256 BCE).

The city is said to have been built with earth by Guan Yu in the Three Kingdoms period. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties period, it was the capital of the Western Liang. In the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, it was the capital of the Nanping State.

Sights

Numerous sites have been preserved from the Chu State period, including the ruins of five Chu cities, 73 sites featuring Chu Culture and more than 800 ancient tombs, including those of 18 Chu kings.

There are also historical sites dating to the Three Kingdoms period, such as the Wulin Battlefield (where the Battle of Red Cliffs took place) and the Huarong Path.

Museum

The city walls were rebuilt in 1646 and measure 9 metres (30 ft) high and 10 metres (33 ft) thick. The perimeter of the wall extends for 9.3 kilometres (5.8 mi). The city walls, city gates, watchtowers, and battlements have all been well maintained. Many of the towers on top of the majestic city gates have been damaged or rebuilt, leaving only the Chaozong Tower which was rebuilt in 1838 on the Gongji Gate.

The Jingzhou museum has on display a well-preserved 2,000-year-old male corpse. Also on display are silk and lacquerware from the Warring States period.

Transportation

Sister Cities

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jingzhou.
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Shasi.

References

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 12/2/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.