Kolleru Bird Sanctuary

Kolleru Bird Sanctuary
IUCN category IV (habitat/species management area)
Map showing the location of Kolleru Bird Sanctuary

Kolleru Bird Sanctuary

Location Andhra Pradesh, India
Nearest city Eluru
Coordinates 16°37′N 81°12′E / 16.617°N 81.200°E / 16.617; 81.200Coordinates: 16°37′N 81°12′E / 16.617°N 81.200°E / 16.617; 81.200[1]
Area 673 km2 (166,000 acres)
Established November 1999 (1999-11)
Governing body Andhra Pradesh Forest Department
Designated 19 August 2002[1]

Kolleru Bird Sanctuary is a sanctuary in Andhra Pradesh, India. It covers 673 square kilometers. It was established in November 1999, under the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972. The sanctuary protects part of the Kolleru Lake wetland, which gained Ramsar Convention for International importance in 2002.[1][2]

Geography

Further information: Kolleru Lake

Kolleru Bird Sanctuary covers mainly two districts of Andhra Pradesh they are Krishna and West Godavari districts and between the River Krishna and River Godavari deltas.[3]

Flora

The main flora of the sanctuary is Phargmytis karka,[4] a weed that grows up to 10 feet in height and that offers shelter for some species of birds.The aquatic vegetation includes species such as Nymphaeae nouchali, Nyphoides indicum, Ottelia alismoides, Nechamandra alternifolia, Limnophila indica, Vallisneria spiralis, Blyxa octandra, Ipomaea aquatica, Scirpus articulatus, Paspalidium germinatum, Typha angustata, and Phragmites karka.[5]

Contour dispute

Contours are lines drawn on a map, joining points of equal height above the sea level(Mean Sea Level).In the past, the water level in the lake was between contour 7 and 10 during the monsoon, and it fell to contour 3 during the dry season. The area within contour 3 is 135 square kilometres and the area within contour 10 is 901 square kilometres. These conditions do not prevail any more with fish tanks and roads occupying most of the lake. The local Fisherman community known as Suryavansha Vaddis[6] say that from the times of 13th century during Eastern Ganga Dynasty rule they have had descendant rights on Kolleru Lake; they have appealed to the government to decrease from +5 contour (308 sq km) to +3 contour(135 sq km), asserting that they were protectors of birds from the period of Langula Gajapathi Raju.[7]

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Kolleru Lake". RAMSAR Wetlands. RAMSAR. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
  2. ↑ "Kolleru Bird Sanctuary". www.sanctuariesindia.com.
  3. ↑ Ramsar convention, Wet land. "Kolleru Lake". www.rainwaterharvesting.org.
  4. ↑ Wetlands of the World I: Inventory, Ecology and Management edited by Dennis F. Whigham, D. Dykyjová, S. Hejný (page-382)
  5. ↑ Kolleru Lake, Flora. "C.P.R. Environmental Education Centre". www.cpreec.org.
  6. ↑ Kolleru lake. "Panchayat reigns supreme". www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.
  7. ↑ The imperial gazetter of India, Volume 8 By Sir William Wilson Hunter
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