Leiomyoma

Leiomyoma
Synonyms leiomyomas, leiomyomata
Uterine lipoleiomyoma, a type of leiomyoma. H&E stain.
Classification and external resources
Specialty oncology
ICD-10 D21, D25 (ILDS D21.M40)
ICD-9-CM 218
ICD-O M8890/0-8894
MedlinePlus dostinex
MeSH D007889

A leiomyoma, also known as fibroids, is a benign smooth muscle tumor that very rarely becomes cancer (0.1%). They can occur in any organ, but the most common forms occur in the uterus, small bowel, and the esophagus. Polycythemia may occur due to increased erythropoietin production as part of a paraneoplastic syndrome.

The word is from leio- + myo- + -oma, "smooth-muscle tumor".

Uterus

Main article: Uterine fibroids
Leiomyoma enucleated from a uterus. External surface on left; cut surface on right

Uterine fibroids are leiomyomata of the uterine smooth muscle. As other leiomyomata, they are benign, but may lead to excessive menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia), often cause anemia and may lead to infertility.

A rare form of these tumors is uterine lipoleiomyoma - benign tumors consisting of a mixture of adipocytes and smooth muscle cells. Uterine lipoleiomyomata have been observed together with ovarian and other pathologies and some of them may develop into liposarcoma.[1][2][3] These tumors are monoclonal, and non-random chromosomal abnormalities have been seen in 40% of the tumors.

Gallbladder

Mesenchymal neoplasms of the gallbladder are rare and in particular leiomyomas of the gallbladder have been rarely reported, all of them in patients with immune system disorders. Although, recently, a case was reported in absence of associated immunodeficiency at Monash Hospital in Melbourne Australia in a healthy 39-year-old woman with no symptoms.[4]

Skin

Leiomyomas of the skin are generally (1) acquired, and (2) divided into several categories:[5][6]

Small intestines

Leiomyoma is the most common benign tumor of small bowel. Approximately 50% of cases are found in the jejunum, followed by the ileum in 31% of cases. Almost one half of all lesions are less than 5 centimeters.[7]

Other locations, metastatic leiomyoma

Familial leiomyoma

See also

References

  1. ↑ Pedeutour, F.; Quade, B. J.; Sornberger, K.; Tallini, G.; Ligon, A. H.; Weremowicz, S.; Morton, C. C. (2000). "Dysregulation ofHMGIC in a uterine lipoleiomyoma with a complex rearrangement including chromosomes 7, 12, and 14". Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer. 27 (2): 209–215. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-2264(200002)27:2<209::AID-GCC14>3.0.CO;2-U. PMID 10612811.
  2. ↑ McDonald, A. G.; Cin, P. D.; Ganguly, A.; Campbell, S.; Imai, Y.; Rosenberg, A. E.; Oliva, E. (2011). "Liposarcoma Arising in Uterine Lipoleiomyoma". The American Journal of Surgical Pathology. 35 (2): 221–227. doi:10.1097/PAS.0b013e31820414f7. PMID 21263242.
  3. ↑ Walid MS, Heaton RL. "Case report of a cervical lipoleiomyoma with an incidentally discovered ovarian granulosa cell tumor – imaging and minimal-invasive surgical procedure". GMS Ger Med Sci. 8 (26).
  4. ↑ Segura-Sampedro, J. J.; Alamo-Martínez, J. M.; Cañete-Gómez, J.; Suárez-Artacho, G.; González-Cantón, J. R.; Gómez-Bravo, M. Á.; Padillo-Ruiz, F. J. (2012). "Gallbladder leiomyoma in absence of immune system disorders: An unusual diagn". Revista espanola de enfermedades digestivas : organo oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Patologia Digestiva. 104 (7): 382–384. doi:10.4321/S1130-01082012000700009. PMID 22849501.
  5. ↑ Freedberg, Irwin M.; Fitzpatrick, Thomas B. (2003). Fitzpatrick's dermatology in general medicine (6th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill, Medical Pub. Division. p. 1033. ISBN 0-07-138076-0.
  6. ↑ Odom, Richard B.; Davidsohn, Israel; James, William D.; Henry, John Bernard; Berger, Timothy G.; Dirk M. Elston (2006). Andrews' diseases of the skin: clinical dermatology (10th ed.). Saunders Elsevier. p. 627. ISBN 0-7216-2921-0.
  7. ↑ Michael P. Buetow, M.D. "Leiomyoma of Jejunum". Applied Radiology Online. Retrieved 2007-03-21.
  8. ↑ Patton, K.; Cheng, L.; Papavero, V.; Blum, M.; Yeldandi, A.; Adley, B.; Luan, C.; Diaz, L.; Hui, P.; Yang, X. J. (2006). "Benign metastasizing leiomyoma: clonality, telomere length and clinicopathologic analysis". Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc. 19 (1): 130–140. doi:10.1038/modpathol.3800504. PMID 16357844.
  9. ↑ Beck, M. M.; Biswas, B.; d'Souza, A.; Kumar, R. (2012). "Benign metastasising leiomyoma after hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy". Hong Kong medical [Xianggang yi xue za zhi / Hong Kong Academy of Medicine]. 18 (2): 153–155. PMID 22477740.
  10. ↑ Rivera, J. A.; Christopoulos, S.; Small, D.; Trifiro, M. (2004). "Hormonal Manipulation of Benign Metastasizing Leiomyomas: Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature". Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 89 (7): 3183–3188. doi:10.1210/jc.2003-032021. PMID 15240591.
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