List of Governors of New Jersey

Governor of New Jersey
Incumbent Chris Christie since January 19, 2010
Style	The Honorable
Residence	Drumthwacket
Term length	Four years, renewable once consecutively
Inaugural holder	William Livingston
Formation	August 31, 1776
Deputy	Kim Guadagno
Salary	$175,000 (2013)[1]
Website	www.state.nj.us/governor

The Governor of New Jersey is the head of the executive branch of New Jersey's state government and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The governor has a duty to enforce state laws and the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the New Jersey Legislature, to convene the legislature, and to grant pardons, except in cases of treason or impeachment.^[2]

There have been 55 official governors of New Jersey, with several others acting as governor for a time.^{[note 1]} In the official numbering, governors are counted only once each, and traditionally, only elected governors were included. However, legislation signed on January 10, 2006, allowed acting governors who had served at least 180 days to be considered full governors. The law was retroactive to January 1, 2001; it therefore changed the titles of Donald DiFrancesco and Richard Codey, affecting Jim McGreevey's numbering.^[3] The current governor is Chris Christie, who took office on January 19, 2010.

Governors

For the period before independence, see the list of colonial governors of New Jersey.

New Jersey was one of the original thirteen colonies and was admitted as a state on December 18, 1787. Prior to declaring its independence, New Jersey was a colony of the Kingdom of Great Britain.

The first New Jersey State Constitution, ratified in 1776, provided that a governor be elected annually by the state legislature, the members of which were selected by the several counties.^[4] Under this constitution, the governor was president of the upper house of the legislature, then called the Legislative Council.^[4] The 1844 constitution provided for a popular vote to elect the governor,^[5] who no longer presided over the upper house of the legislature, now called the Senate. The 1844 constitution also lengthened the governor's term to three years, set to start on the third Tuesday in January following an election, and barred governors from succeeding themselves.^[6] The 1947 constitution extended terms to four years, and limits governors from being elected to more than two consecutive terms, though they can run again after a third term has passed.^[7]

The 1776 constitution provided that the vice-president of the Legislative Council would act as governor (who was president of the Council) should that office be vacant.^[4] The 1844 constitution placed the president of the Senate first in the line of succession,^[8] as did the subsequent 1947 constitution.^[9] A constitutional amendment in 2006 created the office of lieutenant governor,^[10] to be elected on the same ticket for the same term as the governor,^[11] and if the office of governor is vacant, the lieutenant governor becomes governor.^[12] This office was first filled in 2010.

Parties

  Federalist (4)   Democratic-Republican (3)   Democratic (27)   Whig (4)   Republican (17)
(official numbering, does not include repeat or acting governors)

# [note 2]	Portrait	Governor		Term start	Term end	Party	Lt. Governor [13]		Terms [note 3]
1			William Livingston	August 31, 1776	July 25, 1790	Federalist	None		13 ^1⁄2 [note 4]
—			Elisha Lawrence	July 25, 1790	October 29, 1790	Federalist			^1⁄2 [note 5]
2			William Paterson	October 29, 1790	March 30, 1793	Federalist			2 ^1⁄2 [note 6] [note 7]
—			Thomas Henderson	March 30, 1793	June 3, 1793	Federalist			^1⁄2 [note 5]
3			Richard Howell	June 3, 1793	October 31, 1801	Federalist			8 [note 8]
4			Joseph Bloomfield	October 31, 1801	October 28, 1802	Democratic- Republican			1
—			John Lambert	October 28, 1802	October 29, 1803	Democratic- Republican			1 [note 9]
4			Joseph Bloomfield	October 29, 1803	October 29, 1812	Democratic- Republican			9 [note 10]
5			Aaron Ogden	October 29, 1812	October 29, 1813	Federalist			1
6			William Sanford Pennington	October 29, 1813	June 19, 1815	Democratic- Republican			1 ^1⁄2 [note 11]
—			William Kennedy	June 19, 1815	October 26, 1815	Democratic- Republican			^1⁄2 [note 5] [note 12]
7			Mahlon Dickerson	October 26, 1815	February 1, 1817	Democratic- Republican			1 ^1⁄2 [note 13]
8			Isaac Halstead Williamson	February 6, 1817	October 30, 1829	Federalist			12 ^1⁄2 [note 14] [note 15] [note 16]
—			Garret D. Wall	—	—	Democratic			— [note 17]
9			Peter Dumont Vroom	November 6, 1829	October 26, 1832	Democratic			3
10			Samuel L. Southard	October 26, 1832	February 27, 1833	Whig			^1⁄2 [note 13]
11			Elias P. Seeley	February 27, 1833	October 25, 1833	Whig			^1⁄2 [note 18]
9			Peter Dumont Vroom	October 25, 1833	November 3, 1836	Democratic			3
12			Philemon Dickerson	November 3, 1836	October 27, 1837	Democratic			1
13			William Pennington	October 27, 1837	October 27, 1843	Whig			6
14			Daniel Haines	October 27, 1843	January 21, 1845	Democratic			1 [note 19]
15			Charles C. Stratton	January 21, 1845	January 18, 1848	Whig			1 [note 20]
14			Daniel Haines	January 18, 1848	January 21, 1851	Democratic			1
16			George Franklin Fort	January 21, 1851	January 17, 1854	Democratic			1
17			Rodman M. Price	January 17, 1854	January 20, 1857	Democratic			1
18			William A. Newell	January 20, 1857	January 17, 1860	Republican			1
19			Charles Smith Olden	January 17, 1860	January 20, 1863	Republican			1
20			Joel Parker	January 20, 1863	January 16, 1866	Democratic			1
21			Marcus Lawrence Ward	January 16, 1866	January 19, 1869	Republican			1
22			Theodore Fitz Randolph	January 19, 1869	January 16, 1872	Democratic			1
20			Joel Parker	January 16, 1872	January 19, 1875	Democratic			1
23			Joseph D. Bedle	January 19, 1875	January 15, 1878	Democratic			1
24			George B. McClellan	January 15, 1878	January 18, 1881	Democratic			1
25			George C. Ludlow	January 18, 1881	January 15, 1884	Democratic			1
26			Leon Abbett	January 15, 1884	January 18, 1887	Democratic			1
27			Robert Stockton Green	January 18, 1887	January 21, 1890	Democratic			1
26			Leon Abbett	January 21, 1890	January 17, 1893	Democratic			1
28			George Theodore Werts	January 17, 1893	January 21, 1896	Democratic			1
29			John W. Griggs	January 21, 1896	January 31, 1898	Republican			^1⁄3 [note 21]
—			Foster McGowan Voorhees	January 31, 1898	October 18, 1898	Republican			^1⁄3 [note 22]
—			David Ogden Watkins	October 18, 1898	January 17, 1899	Republican			^1⁄3 [note 23]
30			Foster McGowan Voorhees	January 17, 1899	January 21, 1902	Republican			1 [note 24]
31			Franklin Murphy	January 21, 1902	January 17, 1905	Republican			1 [note 25]
32			Edward C. Stokes	January 17, 1905	January 21, 1908	Republican			1
33			John Franklin Fort	January 21, 1908	January 17, 1911	Republican			1 [note 26]
34			Woodrow Wilson	January 17, 1911	March 1, 1913	Democratic			^1⁄3 [note 27] [note 28]
—			James Fairman Fielder	March 1, 1913	October 28, 1913	Democratic			^1⁄3 [note 29]
—			Leon R. Taylor	October 28, 1913	January 20, 1914	Democratic			^1⁄3 [note 23]
35			James Fairman Fielder	January 20, 1914	January 16, 1917	Democratic			1 [note 30] [note 31]
36			Walter Evans Edge	January 16, 1917	May 16, 1919	Republican			^1⁄3 [note 13] [note 31] [note 32]
—			William Nelson Runyon	May 16, 1919	January 13, 1920	Republican			^1⁄3 [note 33]
—			Clarence E. Case	January 13, 1920	January 20, 1920	Republican			^1⁄3 [note 34]
37			Edward I. Edwards	January 20, 1920	January 15, 1923	Democratic			1
38			George Sebastian Silzer	January 15, 1923	January 19, 1926	Democratic			1
39			A. Harry Moore	January 19, 1926	January 15, 1929	Democratic			1
40			Morgan Foster Larson	January 15, 1929	January 19, 1932	Republican			1
39			A. Harry Moore	January 19, 1932	January 3, 1935	Democratic			^1⁄3 [note 13]
—			Clifford Ross Powell	January 3, 1935	January 8, 1935	Republican			^1⁄3 [note 33]
—			Horace Griggs Prall	January 8, 1935	January 15, 1935	Republican			^1⁄3 [note 34]
41			Harold G. Hoffman	January 15, 1935	January 18, 1938	Republican			1
39			A. Harry Moore	January 18, 1938	January 21, 1941	Democratic			1
42			Charles Edison	January 21, 1941	January 18, 1944	Democratic			1
36			Walter Evans Edge	January 18, 1944	January 21, 1947	Republican			1
43			Alfred E. Driscoll	January 21, 1947	January 19, 1954	Republican			2 [note 35]
44			Robert B. Meyner	January 19, 1954	January 16, 1962	Democratic	2
45			Richard J. Hughes	January 16, 1962	January 20, 1970	Democratic	2
46			William T. Cahill	January 20, 1970	January 15, 1974	Republican	1
47			Brendan Byrne	January 15, 1974	January 19, 1982	Democratic	2
48			Thomas Kean	January 19, 1982	January 16, 1990	Republican	2
49			James Florio	January 16, 1990	January 18, 1994	Democratic	1
50			Christine Todd Whitman	January 18, 1994	January 31, 2001	Republican	1 ^1⁄5 [note 36]
51			Donald DiFrancesco	January 31, 2001	January 8, 2002	Republican	^1⁄5 [note 33] [note 37]
—			John Farmer Jr.	January 8, 2002	January 8, 2002	Republican	^1⁄5 [note 38]
—			John O. Bennett	January 8, 2002	January 12, 2002	Republican	^1⁄5 [note 39]
—			Richard Codey	January 12, 2002	January 15, 2002	Democratic	^1⁄5 [note 39]
52			Jim McGreevey	January 15, 2002	November 15, 2004	Democratic	^1⁄2 [note 40]
53			Richard Codey	November 15, 2004	January 17, 2006	Democratic	^1⁄2 [note 34] [note 37]
54			Jon Corzine	January 17, 2006	January 19, 2010	Democratic	1 [note 41]
55			Chris Christie	January 19, 2010	Incumbent	Republican		Kim Guadagno	2 [46] [note 42]

Acting governor

Prior to 2010, unlike most other states, New Jersey did not have the office of lieutenant governor. Until 2010, when the office of governor was vacant or the governor was unable to fulfill his/her duties through injury, the President of the State Senate served as the acting governor. The Senate President continued in the legislative role during his/her tenure as the state's acting chief executive, thus giving the person control over executive and legislative authority. The acting governor served either until the next general election, until the governor recovered from his/her injuries, or, if the governor died or resigned less than 16 months before end of the term, until the end of the term. Richard Codey served as acting governor of New Jersey until January 2006, following the resignation of Jim McGreevey in late 2004. Following the resignation of Christine Todd Whitman in 2001 to become EPA Administrator, Donald DiFrancesco assumed the acting governor's post. The position of lieutenant governor was created in the 2005 state election effective with the 2009 election.

Following Whitman's resignation and DiFrancesco's departure, John O. Bennett served as acting governor for three and a half days. During that time, he signed a few bills into law, gave a State of the State Address, and held parties at Drumthwacket, the New Jersey governor's mansion. Similarly, Richard J. Codey served as acting governor as well. Because control of the New Jersey State Senate was split, resulting in two Senate co-presidents, Codey and Bennett, each held the office of acting governor for three days. Perhaps this spectacle as much as any other factor led to the voters' decision to amend the state constitution to create the office of Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey.

Other high offices held

This is a table of congressional seats, other federal offices, and other governorships held by governors. All representatives and senators mentioned represented New Jersey. Acting governors are included only when they filled a vacancy in the office of governor, not when they acted for a time when the governor was out of state or unable to serve.

* Denotes an office for which the governor resigned the governorship, in order to assume the noted office.

† Denotes an office that the person resigned, to become governor.

Governor	Gubernatorial term	U.S. Congress		Other offices held	Source
		U.S. House	U.S. Senate
Livingston, WilliamWilliam Livingston	1776–1790	—	—	Continental Delegate (1774–1776)	[47]
Paterson, WilliamWilliam Paterson	1790–1793	—	S†	Continental Delegate, Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court*	[48]
Henderson, ThomasThomas Henderson	1793	H	—	Elected as a Continental Delegate but declined	[49]
Bloomfield, JosephJoseph Bloomfield	1801–1802 1803–1812	H	—		[50]
Lambert, JohnJohn Lambert	1802–1803	—	S		[51]
Ogden, AaronAaron Ogden	1812–1813	—	S		[52]
Dickerson, MahlonMahlon Dickerson	1815–1817	—	S*	U.S. Secretary of the Navy (1834–1838)	[53][54]
Vroom, Peter DumontPeter Dumont Vroom	1829–1832 1833–1836	H	—	Minister to Prussia	[55]
Southard, Samuel L.Samuel L. Southard	1832–1833	—	S*	President pro tempore of the U.S. Senate, U.S. Secretary of the Navy	[56]
Dickerson, PhilemonPhilemon Dickerson	1836–1837	H†	—		[57]
Pennington, WilliamWilliam Pennington	1837–1843	H	—	Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives (Feb. 1, 1860 – Mar. 3, 1861)	[58]
Stratton, Charles C.Charles C. Stratton	1845–1848	H	—		[59]
Price, Rodman M.Rodman M. Price	1854–1857	H	—		[60]
Newell, William A.William A. Newell	1857–1860	H	—	Governor of the Territory of Washington (1880–1884)	[61]
Ward, Marcus LawrenceMarcus Lawrence Ward	1866–1869	H	—		[62]
Randolph, Theodore FitzTheodore Fitz Randolph	1869–1872	—	S		[63]
Green, Robert StocktonRobert Stockton Green	1887–1890	H†	—		[64]
Griggs, John W.John W. Griggs	1896–1898	—	—	U.S. Attorney General*	[65]
Wilson, WoodrowWoodrow Wilson	1911–1913	—	—	President of the United States*	[66]
Edge, Walter EvansWalter Evans Edge	1917–1919 1944–1947	—	S*	Ambassador to France (1929–1933)	[67]
Edwards, Edward I.Edward I. Edwards	1920–1923	—	S		[68]
Moore, A. HarryA. Harry Moore	1926–1929 1932–1935 1938–1941	—	S†*		[69][70]
Hoffman, Harold G.Harold G. Hoffman	1935–1938	H	—		[71]
Edison, CharlesCharles Edison	1941–1944	—	—	U.S. Secretary of the Navy	[72]
Cahill, William T.William T. Cahill	1970–1973	H†	—		[73]
Florio, JamesJames Florio	1990–1994	H†	—		[74]
Whitman, Christine ToddChristine Todd Whitman	1994–2001	—	—	Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency*	[75]
Corzine, JonJon Corzine	2006–2010	—	S†		[76]

• Note: Garret D. Wall, who was elected to be governor in 1829 but declined, served as a U.S. Senator (1835–1841).^[77]
• Note: Gov. William Pennington (1837–1843) was appointed Governor of the Territory of Minnesota by President Millard Fillmore (1850–1853), but declined.

Living former U.S. governors of New Jersey

As of May 2015, there are eight former U.S. governors of New Jersey and two former acting U.S. governors of New Jersey who are currently living at this time, the oldest U.S. governor of New Jersey being Brendan Byrne (served 1974–1982, born 1924). The most recent U.S. governor of New Jersey to die and the most recently serving U.S. governor of New Jersey to have died was William T. Cahill (served 1970–1974, born 1912), on July 1, 1996.

Governor	Gubernatorial term	Date of birth (and age)
Brendan Byrne	1974–1982	April 1, 1924
Thomas Kean	1982–1990	April 21, 1935
James Florio	1990–1994	August 29, 1937
Christine Todd Whitman	1994–2001	September 26, 1946
Donald DiFrancesco	2001–2002	November 20, 1944
John Farmer, Jr.	2002 (acting)	June 24, 1957
John O. Bennett	2002 (acting)	August 6, 1948
Richard Codey	2002 (acting) 2004–2006	November 27, 1946
Jim McGreevey	2002–2004	August 6, 1957
Jon Corzine	2006–2010	January 1, 1947

Notes

1. Only acting governors who filled a vacant office are included in the list. People who acted as governor for a period when the governor was out of state or unable to serve for a period are noted with their governor. It is possible other people acted as governor for short periods but were not recorded.
2. Repeat governors are officially numbered only once; subsequent terms are marked with their original number italicized.
3. The fractional terms of some governors are not to be understood absolutely literally; rather, they are meant to show how many times a governor was elected, and to show single terms during which multiple governors served, due to resignations, deaths and the like.
4. Died in office
5. As vice-president of the Legislative Council, acted as governor for unexpired term
6. Resigned to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
7. The National Governors Association states Paterson took office on October 30; however, older books specify that he took office on October 29.^[14]
8. Howell was in Pennsylvania in command of the New Jersey militia during the Whiskey Rebellion; during his absence, Thomas Henderson, as vice-president of the Legislative Council, acted as governor from September 20 to December 25, 1794.^[15]
9. The 1802 election was deadlocked, with the legislature unable to pick a candidate, giving up on November 25, 1802. Lambert, as vice-president of the Legislative Council, acted as governor until the next election.^[16]
10. Bloomfield was in New York in command of Military District 3 during the War of 1812; during his absence, Charles Clark, as vice-president of the Legislative Council, acted as governor from June 1 to October 29, 1812, when Bloomfield's term ended.^[17]
11. Resigned to be a federal judge in the District of New Jersey.^[18]
12. All official listings omit Kennedy, who acted as governor for four months.^[19]
13. Resigned to take an elected seat in the U.S. Senate.
14. Elected by the legislature to be governor upon Mahlon Dickerson's resignation.^[20] Between Dickerson's resignation and Williamson's election, it is unknown who was acting governor.
15. No source mentions anyone acting as governor between Dickerson's resignation and Williamson's election; the vice-president of the Legislative Council at the time was Jesse Upson, so he likely acted as governor.^[21]
16. Williamson was known to be a Federalist; though the Federalist Party ceased existing around 1820, no sources say Williamson changed his party affiliation, perhaps choosing to remain loyal to the Federalist ideals.^[22] One source describes him as an "ex-Federalist" before he was even elected.^[23] A contemporary source says he remained in office until the "Jackson party" controlled the legislature; as this is a reference to the Democratic-Republican Party, it can be assumed Williamson did not switch to that party.^[24]
17. Wall was elected on October 30, 1829; however, he declined the post, effective November 6, 1829.^[25]
18. Seeley was vice-president of the Legislative Council at the time of Southard's resignation; however, Seeley was elected governor rather than simply acting in the post for the rest of Southard's term.^[26]
19. The 1844 constitution took effect during Haines' first term, setting the end of his term at the third Tuesday in January.^[6]
20. First governor elected under the terms of the 1844 constitution, which increased term lengths from one to three years, and which also made him the first popularly elected governor.^[6]
21. Resigned to be U.S. Attorney General.
22. As president of the Senate, acted as governor until his own resignation. Voorhees was nominated for governor for the 1898 election, but the constitution prohibited governors from succeeding themselves. To get around this, he resigned his Senate seat (and thus ceased being acting governor), so that he could run for governor, winning the race.^[27]
23. As speaker of the house of representatives, acted as governor for unexpired term.
24. Voorhees was out of the country in Europe for several weeks in 1900; William M. Johnson, as president of the Senate, formally acted as governor from May 21 to June 19.^[28][29][30]
25. Murphy was out of the state twice in 1904; Edmund W. Wakelee, as president of the Senate, formally acted as governor twice, and according to page 284 the 1905 Manual of the Legislature, served from April 25 to June 5, when Murphy was in Europe, and from June 14 to June 27, when Murphy was visiting Chicago and St. Louis.^[31] However, page 16 of the same book states that he served from April 25 to June 5, and June 15 to June 27.^[28] He actually took the oaths of office on April 26 and June 14.^[30]
26. Fort was out of the state for some time in 1909; Joseph Sherman Frelinghuysen, Sr., as president of the Senate, acted as governor for an unknown period.^[32]
27. Resigned to be President of the United States.
28. Wilson was out of the state for multiple periods during his administration.^[29] Documented episodes include from May 3 to June 3, 1911, during which time Ernest R. Ackerman, as president of the Senate, acted as governor,^[33][34] though another source states he took the oath on May 4.^[35] Ackerman also acted as governor from October 25, 1911, for about a week, and again for about a week in mid-November, 1911.^[36] John Dyneley Prince became president of the Senate in 1912, and is known to have acted as governor on at least 11 different occasions.^[36]
29. As president of the Senate, acted as governor until his own resignation. As with Voorhees, he had been nominated for governor for the 1913 election, but under the constitution could not succeed himself, so he resigned from the Senate to run, winning the election.^[37]
30. Fielder was out of the state for a time in June 1914; John W. Slocum, as president of the Senate, acted as governor for an unknown period.^[38] Walter Evans Edge later became president of the Senate, and acted as governor for five weeks in 1915.^[39] Later again, George W. F. Gaunt became president of the Senate and acted as governor, though only two days are specifically known: September 19, 1916 and October 9, 1916.^[40]
31. One source states that George W. F. Gaunt, as president of the Senate, acted as governor in 1917, but it is unknown if he was acting in place of James Fairman Fielder or Walter Evans Edge.^[29]
32. Edge was out of the state for a time in 1918; Thomas F. McCran, as president of the Senate, is known to have acted as governor, but for an unknown period.^[29]
33. As president of the Senate, acted as governor until his Senate term ended.
34. As president of the Senate, acted as governor for unexpired term.
35. Driscoll's second term was the first elected under the terms of the 1947 constitution, which increased term lengths to four years.^[7]
36. Resigned to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.
37. Acted as governor for longer than 180 days after January 1, 2001, so is considered a full governor pursuant to a 2006 law^[3]
38. As attorney general, acted as governor for 90 minutes between Senate sessions^[41]
39. In early 2002, the state Senate was evenly split between Republicans and Democrats.^[42] The compromise to pick a senate president – and therefore, an acting governor – was to have John Bennett, a Republican, act as governor from 1:30 p.m. January 8 to 12:01 a.m. January 12, and Democrat Richard Codey would then act from 12:01 a.m. January 12 to noon on January 15, at which point the elected governor Jim McGreevey took office.^[43]
40. Resigned due to a sex scandal involving an aide.
41. Corzine was severely injured in a car accident on April 12, 2007; Richard Codey, as president of the Senate, acted as governor until May 7, 2007.^[44] Corzine also left the country in 2010 for a vacation to Switzerland; Stephen M. Sweeney, as president of the Senate, acted as governor from January 14 to around January 17.^[45]
42. Governor Christie's second term expires January 16, 2018; he is term limited.

References

General

• Biographies of New Jersey Governors, New Jersey State Library
• "Governors of New Jersey". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on January 7, 2010. Retrieved January 12, 2010.
• Lundy, F.L.; et al. (1905). Manual of the Legislature of New Jersey, One Hundred and Twenty-Ninth Session. Trenton, New Jersey: J. L. Murphy Publishing Company. Retrieved January 19, 2010.
• Lundy, F.L.; et al. (1921). Manual of the Legislature of New Jersey, One Hundred and Forty-Fifth Session. Trenton, New Jersey: State Gazette Publishing Company. Retrieved January 19, 2010.
• Lee, Francis Bazley (1902). New Jersey as a Colony and a State. New York City: The Publishing Society of New Jersey. ISBN 1-146-76658-0. Retrieved January 14, 2010.
• Kerney, James (1926). The Political Education of Woodrow Wilson. Retrieved January 19, 2010.
• Report of the Adjutant-General of the State of New Jersey for the year ending October 31st, 1906. Somerville, New Jersey: The Union-Gazette Printing House. 1907. pp. 122–131. Retrieved January 14, 2010.

Constitutions

• "Constitution of the State of New Jersey, as amended". New Jersey Legislature. 1947. Retrieved January 13, 2010.
• "Constitution of the State of New Jersey". New Jersey Department of State. 1947. Retrieved January 14, 2010.
• "Constitution of the State of New Jersey". New Jersey Department of State. 1844. Retrieved January 13, 2010.
• "Constitution of the State of New Jersey". New Jersey Department of State. 1776. Retrieved January 13, 2010.

Specific

1. "Christie is 4th-highest paid governor, survey says". Star-Ledger. June 25, 2013. Retrieved September 16, 2013.
2. NJ Constitution article V
3. New Jersey Legislature. P.L.2005, c. 282.: Provides title of person who serves as Acting Governor for continuous period of at least 180 days will be "Governor of the State of New Jersey" for official and historical purposes. Approved January 9, 2006, retroactive to January 1, 2001. Accessed January 6, 2008.
4. 1776 Constitution article 7
5. 1844 Constitution article V, § 2
6. 1844 Constitution article V, § 3
7. NJ Constitution article V, § 1, cl. 5
8. 1844 Constitution article V , § 12
9. NJ Constitution article V, § 1, cl. 6, original
10. NJ Constitution article XI, § 7
11. NJ Constitution article V, § 1, cl. 4
12. NJ Constitution article V, § 1, cl. 6, as amended
13. The office of lieutenant governor was created in 2006 and was first filled in 2010.
14. Report p. 122
15. Report p. 123
16. Lee pp. 155–156
17. Report p. 124
18. "Pennington, William Sanford". Federal Judicial Center. Archived from the original on May 14, 2009. Retrieved January 14, 2010.
19. Report pp. 125–126
20. Lee pp. 160–161
21. Lundy et al. (1921) p. 127
22. Whitehead, John (1897). The Civil and Judicial History of New Jersey, Volume I. The Boston History Company. p. 361. Retrieved January 15, 2010.
23. Birkner, Michael (1984). Samuel L. Southard: Jeffersonian Whig. p. 39. ISBN 978-0-8386-3160-7. Retrieved January 15, 2010.
24. Elmer, Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus (1872). Collections of the New Jersey Historical Society, Volume VII. p. 175. Retrieved January 15, 2010.
25. Lee pp. 377–378
26. "Elias Pettit Seeley" (PDF). New Jersey State Library. Retrieved January 14, 2010.
27. "Foster McGowan Voorhees" (PDF). New Jersey State Library. Retrieved January 14, 2010.
28. Lundy et al. (1905) p. 16
29. Lundy et al. (1921) p. 22
30. "Governor's Oaths". New Jersey Department of State. Retrieved January 19, 2010.
31. Lundy et al. (1905) p. 284
32. Lundy et al. (1921) p. 252
33. Documents of the One Hundred and Thirty-Sixth Legislature of the State of New Jersey and the Sixty-Eighth Under the New Constitution. I. Trenton, New Jersey: State Gazette Publishing Company. 1912. p. 475. Retrieved January 19, 2010.
34. Lundy et al. (1921) p. 262
35. Kerney p. 140
36. Kerney p. 141
37. "James Fairman Fielder" (PDF). New Jersey State Library. Retrieved January 14, 2010.
38. Lundy et al. (1921) p. 361
39. Congress, United States (1920). Official Congressional Directory, 2nd Edition, February 1920. p. 64. Retrieved January 19, 2010.
40. Jersey, New (1916). Acts of the Legislature of the State of New Jersey. pp. 1009–1010. Retrieved January 19, 2010.
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External links

• Office of the Governor of New Jersey