List of largest European cities in history

Timeline – Neolithic – Bronze – Iron Age. To ancient Greece and Roman Republic 7000 – 100-0 B.C.

City 7000 6500–6000 5000 4000 3800 3000–2500 2000 1600 1300 1000 700 600 500 – 400 300 200 100-0
Athens[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] 10,000 – 15,000 2,500 – 5,000 5,000 – 10,000 70,000 – 100,000 – 130,000 150,000 – 350,000 – 610,000 120,000-200,000-300,000-431,000 100,000-200,000
Argos[3][14][22][23][24][25] 600 – 1,200 5,000 – 10,000 30,000 – 60,000
Aegina[26] 20,000 – 40,000
Akrotiri (Santorini)[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][35] 8,000 – 15,000 – 30,000
Agrigento[36][37][38][39][40] 200,000 – 800,000
Avaricum 40,000[41]
Bibracte 30,000[42]
Cerveteri[43][44][45][46][47] 25,000 – 40,000
Capua[48][49][50][51][52][53] 100,000 300,000 100,000
Choirokoitia[54][55][56][57][58][59][60] 300 – 600 2,000
Corinth[61][62][63] 5,000[64] 50,000-90,000-100,000
Crotone[65] 50,000 – 80,000
Dobrovody[66][67] 10,000-16,000
Dimini[68] 300
Durrington Walls[69][70][71] 4,000
Fedorovka[67] 6,000
Gournia[72][73] 4,000
Heuneburg[74][75][76][77] 10,000
ischia[78][79][80] 5,000 – 10,000
Knossos[3][14][27]

[81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90]

 100 1,000 1,300-2,000 18,000 20,000 – 40,000 – 100,000 30,000 5,000 – 10,000
Mycenae[87][91] 20,000[92] 30,000 – 35,000
Manika (Greece)[90][93][94][95][96][97][98] 6000 – 15,000
Malia[27][88][90] 700-1,000 5,000 – 10,000 – 12.500
Maydanets[66][99][100] 10,000-29,000-46,000
Nea Nikomedeia[101] 500-700
Okoliste[99] 1000-3000
Palaikastro[27][88] 18,000
Populonia[45][46][102][103] 25,000 – 40,000
Lepenski Vir[104][105][106][107][108][109] 150 -1,000
Tarquinia[45][46][102][103] 20,000 – 25,000 – 40,000
Vinča-Belo Brdo[110][111] 2000–2500
Veii[45][46][102][103][112][113][114] 25,000 – 40,000 – 100,000
Volsinii[45][46][102][103] 13,000 – 25,000 – 40,000
Vulci[45][46][102][103] 15,000 – 25,000 – 40,000
Sesklo[115][116][117][118][119] 300 1000–5000
Sparta[2][120] 40,000-50,000
Syracuse, Sicily[40][121][122][122][123][124][125][126][127] 200,000-800,000-1,200,000 200,000-400,000
Sybaris[128][129][130][131][132][133] 100,000-300,000
Solnitsata[134][135] 350
Tiryns[90][136][137][61] 1,200-1,800 10,000 15,000
Nebelivka[67] 17,000
Taranto[53][138][139] 100,000-300,000
Talianki[67][140][141][142] 15,000-30,000
Thebes, Greece[90][143]

[144][145][146][147]

 4,000-6,000 8,000 30,000 – 60,000
Los Millares[148][149][150] 1,000 – 2,300
Pavlopetri[151][152] 500 2,000
Rome[53][153][154][155][156]

[157][158][159][160][161][162][163][164]

 3,145-7,400 24,240-60,600 80,000 130,000 250,000-300,000 350,000 500,000-1,000,000
Rhodes (city)[20][21][165] 100,000-200,000 100,000

Timeline From Roman Empire to Modern Age 0 – 1800 A.D.

City 0-100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800
Athens[166][167] 30,000 110,000 25,000 35,000-50,000 40,000
Aquileia[168][169] 100,000 100,000
Augsburg[170][171][172][173][174][175][176] 25,000-50,000 25,000-50,000 12,000 50,000 30,000-50,000 45,000-50,000-100,000 26,000 28,000-32,000
Amalfi[177] 80,000
Antwerp[178][179][180][181][182] 5,000 20,000 100,000-200,000 46,000-90,000 75,000
Arles[183][184][185] 75,000-100,000
Autun[186][187][188] 40,000-100,000
Amsterdam[181][189][190][191] 30,000 65,000-100,000-175,000 175,000-200,000-210,000 195,000-201,000
Barcelona[191][192][193][194] 50,000 60,000-70,000 100,000
Bruges[195][196] 50,000 125,000-200,000
Bucharest[197] 60,000 50,000
Brussels[180][190][198] 30,000 100,000 100,000 70,000
Bordeaux[199][200][201] 30,000-40,000 50,000 100,000
Berlin[190][202] 6,000 12,000 20,000 172,000
Bologna[203][204][205] 35,000 50,000-70,000
Bolgary[197] 25,000-30,000 50,000
Carnuntum[206][207] 50,000 50,000 50,000
Cádiz[188][208] 100,000 87,000
Corinth[61][209][210][211][212] 100,000 – 200,00 – 700,000 45,000 + in 856 AD.[213]
Constantinople[214][215][216][217][218][219][220][221][222][223] 400,000 400,00- 800,000 100,000- 800,000 100,000- 800,000 100,000- 250,000 500,000- 1,000,000 500,000 300,000 400,000 70,000 400,000-660,000 700,000 300,000-700,000 400,000-570,000
Córdoba[188][204][224] 45,000 450,000 60,000
Cologne[205][225][226][227][228][229] 40,000 40,000 15,000-20,000 21,000 20,000 21,000-50,000 50,000.60,000 50,000-60,000 40,000 45,000 40,000 50,000
Danzig[170][230] 30,000 60,000-80,000
Dublin[231][232][233][234] 1,000-2,000 4,000-5,000 10,000 20,000 75,000 200,000
Edirne (Adrianople)[197] 10,000 28,000 125,000 160,000-183,000 93,000 100,000
Feodosia[197] 40,000 85,000-88,000 50,000 40,000 36,000-44,000
Florence[235][181][205][225][236][237] 15,000 50,000-60,000 80,000-120,000 70,000 70,000
Genoa[235][181][205][238][239][240] 80,000 50,000 100,000 100,000 60,000 70,000 90,000
Ghent[179][195][241][242][243][244][245][246][247] 5,000 10,000 60,000-80,000 70,000-80,000 80,000-150,000-175,000-200,000
Granada[248][249][250] 26,000 150,000 100,000 70,000
Hamburg[170][172][176][230][190][251] 8,000 15,000-20,000 40,000-60,000-100,000 63,000-75,000 117,000-130,000
Kiev[252][253] 45,000 100,000
Lisbon[208][254][255][256] 35,000 50,000-60,000 60,000-70,000-120,000 120,000-140,000 200,000 237,000
London[223][257][258][259][260][261][262][263][264] 30,000 45,000-50,000-60,000 10,000-12,000 20,000-25,000 10,000-20,000 20,000-25,000 50,000-100,000 50,000-100,000-120,000 225,000-410,000 550,00-700,000 861,000-1,000,000
Lugdunum (Lyon)[230][265][205][266][267][268][269][270] 50,000-100,000-200,000 50,000-100,000-200,000 12,000 20,000 40,000-70,000 40,000-70,000 100,000 150,000
Leuven[271] 45,000
Lublin[197] 40,000-70,000
Lübeck[197] 6000 24,000 30,000-37,000 32,000 24,000
Madrid[230][190][251] 60,000 105,000 182,000
Magdeburg[170][229] 30,000 40,000-45,000
Marseilles[230][190][191][251] 80,000-100,000 80,000 83,000-100,000
Mainz[272] 20,000 30,000 25,000 24,000 20,000 20,000-42,000
Messina[189][251][273] 100,000
Milan[50][235][274][188][190][239][251][275][276][277][278] 40,000 40,000 100,000 90,000 200,000 125,000 100,000 180,000 113,000 122,000-250,000
Metz[265][269][279] 40,000 25,000 40,000
Montpellier[265][280] 30,000-40,000 15,000 40,000
Moscow[281][282] 20,000-30,000 30,000-40,000 100,000 200,000 200,000 270,000
Narbonne[186][205] 30,000-50,000 31,000
Naples[235][190][205][283][284][285][286][287][288][289] 30,000 50,000 30,000 30,000 50,000-60,000 200,000 350,000 207,000 500,000
Nimes[265][290][291][292][293] 40,000-60,000 40,000
Nuremberg[172][174][176][251][294][295][296] 10,000 20,000 20,000 20,000-52,000 40,000-50,000-100,000 27,000
Ostia Antica[297][298][299][300][301][302] 20,000-50,000-100,000 50,000-100,000
Ohrid[197] 40,000
Palermo[189][190][303][304] 350,000 150,000 150,000 50,000 100,000 124,000 135,000
Paris[205][223][305][306][307][265][308][309] 80,000 30,000 20,000-30,000 20,000-30,000 20,000 50,000 110,000-160,000 228,000-275,000-300,000 280,000 225,000 245,000-420,000 515,000 546,000-830,000
Padua[203][310] 25,000-40,000 25,000-40,000 25,000-40,000 40,000
Philippi 100,000[311]
Pliska[197] 34,000
Plovdiv[197] 20,000 20,000 30,000
Pozzuoli[50][312][313] 50,000-100,000
Pskov[197] 35,000 52,000-60,000
Preslav[314] 60,000 60,000
Prague[315][190][316] 10,000[317] 22,000 40,000-77,000 95,000-100,000 70,000 100,000 48,000 77,000-100,000
Regensburg[274][269] 25,000 40,000
Reims[186][265] 30,000-50,000 30,000
Rome[153][154][155][156][157][158][159][160][161][181][214][318][319][320][321][318][322][323] 1,650,000 1,000,000 1,200,000 1,100,000 100,000 90,000 40,000 – 50,000 50,000 30,000 20,000 50,000-55,000 90,000-110,000 120,000-150,000 150,000
Ravenna[183] 50,000 50,000
Rouen[190][265][269][270][316][324][325] 10,000 30,000 40,000 70,000 40,000-70,000 40,000-70,000 63,000 80,000-90,000
Saint Petersburg[191][326] 100,000+ 220,000-425,000
Salerno[205][327] 50,000 50,000 30,000 4,000
Smolensk[328][329] 20,000-30,000-40,000 25,000 50,000 64,000 40,000
Sarai[330] 100,00-600,000
Speyer[197] 30,000+ 30,000 20,000
Seville[331][189][190][250] 90,000 150,000 25,000 100,000-300,000 80,000 96,000
Siena[332] 50,000 – 120,000[333] 25,000
Syracuse, Sicily[188] 80,000
Thessaloniki[252][334][335][336][337][338] 200,000 50,000 40,000 150,000 150,000 100,000- 150,000 100,000- 150,000
Trakai[197] 50,000
Trnovo[197] 48,000 35,000
Targoviste[197] 25,000-40,000 50,000-60,000 45,000-60,000
Trier[205][269][339][340][341][342] 70,000-80,000-100,000 70,000-80,000-100,000 15,000 20,000
Toulouse[271][265][343][344][345] 50,000 50,000 30,000 25,000 50,000 30,000
Venice[235][274][237][238][346] 60,000 80,000 110,000-180,000 110,00-150,000 100,000-170,000 200,000 140,000 140,000
Verona[347][348] 20,000-25,000 40,000
Veliky Novgorod[349][350][351][352] 10,000-15,000-18,000 20,000-30,000-40,000 50,000-60,000-400,000 50,000
Vienna[170][176][230][190][296][353][354][355] 15,000-20,000 15,000-20,000 12,000 20,000 24,000 45,000 30,000-50,000-60,000 100,000-113,000 250,000
Worms[197] 28,000-60,000 20,000
Ypres,[205][356][357][358][359][360][361][362] 40,000-80,000-200,000 40,000-80,000-200,000

Data from Hohenberg and Lees (1985)

1400
City Population
Paris 275,000
Bruges 125,000
Milan 125,000
Venice 110,000
Genoa 100,000
Granada 100,000
Prague 95,000
Ghent 70,000
Rouen 70,000
Seville 70,000
1700
City Population
Constantinople 700,000
London 550,000
Paris 500,000
Naples 215,000
Lisbon 188,000
Amsterdam 180,000
Moscow 150,000
Venice 138,000
Rome 130,000
Milan 120,000
Belgrade 100,000
Lyon 100,000
Madrid 100,000
Vienna 100,000
Marseille 100,000
Sarajevo 100,000
Gdańsk 100,000
1800
City Population
London 1,000,000
Paris 600,000
Naples 426,000
Moscow 250,000
Vienna 240,000
St. Petersburg 220,000
Amsterdam 220,000
Dublin 200,000
Lisbon 180,000
Berlin 172,000
Warsaw* 120,000

*Warsaw data from 1792[363]

Data from Chandler (1987)

City Country 430 B.C. 200 B.C. A.D. 100 A.D. 361 A.D. 500 A.D. 622
SevilleSpain37–40,00040,000
LondonUnited Kingdom30,000
SyracuseItaly125,000100,00051–60,00045–50,000
RomeItaly35,000150,000450,000150,000100,00050,000
MilanItaly30,00040,000
AthensGreece155,00075,00075,00050–60,000
CorinthGreece70,00070,00050,000
ConstantinopleTurkey36,000300,000400,000350,000
City Country 800 900 1000 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500 1550 1575 1600 1650
LondonUnited Kingdom15,00025,00040,00045,00050,00060,00050,00074,000112,000187,000410,000
LisbonPortugal15,00015,00015,00035,00045,00055,00060,00055,00062,00085,000100,000170,000
CórdobaSpain160,000200,000450,00060,00060,00060,00040,00036,00030,00032,000
SevilleSpain35,00040,00090,000125,000125,000150,00075,00090,00060,00060,00060,00046,00070,000100,000126,00060,000
GranadaSpain60,00060,00060,00075,00090,00060,00090,000165,00070,00070,00060,00068,000
MadridSpain80,000125,000
ParisFrance25,00020,00030,00050,000110,000160,000228,000215,000280,000150,000185,000210,000220,000245,000455,000
AmsterdamNetherlands48,000165,000
RomeItaly50,00040,00035,00035,00035,00030,00033,00038,00058,00070,000102,000110,000
NaplesItaly30,00025,00030,00030,00035,00040,00040,00040,00075,000114,000209,000215,000224,000265,000
MilanItaly25,00020,00030,00042,00045,00060,00065,00060,00050,00080,00083,00089,00075,00098,000107,000105,000
PalermoItaly35,00075,00090,000125,000150,00075,00035,00025,00039,00060,00070,000105,000132,000
VeniceItaly35,00045,00055,00060,00070,00090,000110,00085,000110,000100,000115,000171,000157,000151,000134,000
PragueCzech Republic15,00022,00040,00050,00095,00070,00070,00070,00070,000110,000
AthensGreece25,00035,00035,00033,000
ConstantinopleTurkey250,000300,000300,000200,000200,000150,000100,000100,00080,00075,00045,000200,000660,000680,000700,000700,000
SaraiRussia80,000100,000120,000
MoscowRussia30,00080,00075,00060,00080,000100,000
City Country 1675 1700 1750 1775 1800 1825 1850 1862 1875 1900 1914 1925 1936 1950 1975
LondonUnited Kingdom485,000550,000676,000710,000861,0001,335,0002,320,0002,803,0004,241,0006,480,0007,419,0007,742,0009,710,0008,860,00010,500,000
LisbonPortugal178,000188,000213,000219,000237,000258,000262,000280,000243,000363,000455,000567,000875,0001,600,000
CórdobaSpain27,00028,00034,00052,000
SevilleSpain80,00068,00096,00083,000117,000148,000212,000383,000685,000
GranadaSpain35,00045,00053,00058,00075,000
MadridSpain115,000105,000110,000132,000182,000201,000216,000303,000373,000539,000623,000791,0001,220,0001,527,0004,150,000
ParisFrance540,000530,000556,000600,000547,000855,0001,314,0001,800,0002,250,0003,330,0004,000,0004,800,0005,950,0005,900,0009,400,000
AmsterdamNetherlands195,000210,000219,000209,000195,000196,000225,000268,000289,000510,000601,000718,000859,0001,800,000
RomeItaly105,000138,000146,000148,000142,000125,000158,000194,000251,000438,000570,000758,0001,155,0001,665,0003,600,000
NaplesItaly170,000207,000310,000355,000430,000350,000413,000447,000450,000563,000691,000852,0001,210,0001,900,000
MilanItaly114,000113,000110,000117,000122,000156,000182,000226,000267,000491,000655,000917,0001,103,0001,400,0003,800,000
PalermoItaly128,000125,000111,000127,000135,000154,000170,000175,000188,000255,000370,000470,000672,000
VeniceItaly138,000143,000158,000151,000146,00099,000141,000171,000226,000354,000
BerlinGermany26,000113,000136,000172,000222,000446,000582,0001,045,0002,707,0003,500,0004,013,0004,226,0003,707,0002,000,000
BudapestHungary--------309,208733,385880,371960,9951,060,4311,629,0002,026,543
PragueCzech Republic48,00058,00077,00098,000117,000474,000670,000745,000951,0001,275,000
AthensGreece30,000181,000571,0001,140,0003,300,000
ConstantinopleTurkey750,000700,000625,000600,000570,000675,000785,000820,000873,000900,0001,125,000817,0001,035,0003,200,000
EdirneTurkey100,00085,00082,00080,00088,00085,000
MoscowRussia105,000114,000146,000177,000248,000257,000373,000346,000600,0001,120,0001,805,0001,764,0004,050,0005,100,00010,700,000
Saint PetersburgRussia74,000164,000220,000438,000502,000565,000764,0001,439,0002,133,0001,430,0002,983,0002,700,0004,280,000

See also

Notes and references

  1. ↑ Thomas, C.G.; Conant, C. (2009). Citadel to City-State: The Transformation of Greece, 1200-700 B.C.E. Indiana University Press. p. 65. ISBN 978-0-253-00325-6.
  2. 1 2 Ian Morris (12 December 2005). "The growth of Greek cities in the first millennium BC" (PDF). Retrieved 2014-09-24.
  3. 1 2 3 Storey, G. (2006). Urbanism in the Preindustrial World: Cross-Cultural Approaches. University of Alabama Press. p. 37. ISBN 978-0-8173-5246-2.
  4. ↑ Beer, J. (2004). Sophocles and the Tragedy of Athenian Democracy. Praeger. p. 4. ISBN 978-0-313-28946-0.
  5. ↑ Schwartz, G.M.; Nichols, J.J. (2010). After Collapse: The Regeneration of Complex Societies. University of Arizona Press. p. 80. ISBN 978-0-8165-2936-0.
  6. ↑ "Urban History of Athens Presentation" (PDF). 9 December 2008. Retrieved 2014-09-24.
  7. ↑ Kellogg, D.L. (2013). Marathon Fighters and Men of Maple: Ancient Acharnai. OUP Oxford. p. 36. ISBN 978-0-19-166386-4.
  8. ↑ Hansen, M.H. (1988). Three Studies in Athenian Demography. Commissioner, Munksgaard. p. 7. ISBN 9788773041895.
  9. ↑ Wilson, N. (2013). Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece. Taylor & Francis. p. 214. ISBN 978-1-136-78800-0.
  10. ↑ O'Sullivan, L. (2009). The Regime of Demetrius of Phalerum in Athens, 317-307 BCE: A Philosopher in Politics. Brill. p. 110. ISBN 9789004178885.
  11. ↑ Robert. "Greece, A History of Ancient Greece, Legacy". history-world.org. Retrieved 2014-09-24.
  12. ↑ "BBC – History – Ancient History in depth: The Democratic Experiment". bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 2014-09-24.
  13. ↑ "The population of Sparta and Athens". ancientgreekbattles.net. Retrieved 2014-09-24.
  14. 1 2 3 Ian Morris (12 December 2005). "The collapse and regeneration of complex society in Greece, 1500-500 BC" (PDF). Retrieved 2014-09-24.
  15. ↑ Rocca, S. (2008). Herod's Judaea: A Mediterranean State in the Classical World. Coronet Books Incorporated. p. 333. ISBN 978-3-16-149717-9.
  16. ↑ Lathrop, D.; Ruma, L. (2010). Open Government: Collaboration, Transparency, and Participation in Practice. O'Reilly Media. p. 169. ISBN 978-1-4493-8880-5.
  17. ↑ Moreno, A. (2007). Feeding the Democracy: The Athenian Grain Supply in the Fifth and Fourth Centuries BC. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-922840-9.
  18. ↑ Van Wees, H. (2013). Ships and Silver, Taxes and Tribute: A Fiscal History of Archaic Athens. I. B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-78076-686-7.
  19. ↑ Kellogg, D.L. (2013). Marathon Fighters and Men of Maple: Ancient Acharnai. OUP Oxford. p. 37. ISBN 978-0-19-964579-4.
  20. 1 2 Keith Roberts (2013). The Origins of Business, Money and Markets. Columbia Business School Pub. ISBN 978-0-231-52685-2.
  21. 1 2 Beck, H. (2013). A Companion to Ancient Greek Government. Wiley. p. 55. ISBN 978-1-118-30318-4.
  22. ↑ Troy Dora P. Crouch Professor Emerita Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, NY (1993). Geology and Settlement : Greco-Roman Patterns: Greco-Roman Patterns. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 124. ISBN 978-0-19-535943-5.
  23. ↑ Diop, C.A.; Salemson, H.J.; De Jager, M. (1991). Civilization or Barbarism:. L.M. Ngemi. p. 160. ISBN 978-1-55652-048-8.
  24. ↑ Blumberg, A. (1995). Great Leaders, Great Tyrants?: Contemporary Views of World Rulers who Made History. Greenwood Press. p. 242. ISBN 978-0-313-28751-0.
  25. ↑ Hall, J.M. (2013). A History of the Archaic Greek World, ca. 1200-479 BCE. Wiley. ISBN 978-1-118-34046-2.
  26. ↑ Hornblower, S.; Spawforth, A.; Eidinow, E. (2012). The Oxford Classical Dictionary. OUP Oxford. p. 16. ISBN 978-0-19-954556-8.
  27. 1 2 3 4 Castleden, R. (2002). Atlantis Destroyed. Taylor & Francis. p. 97. ISBN 978-1-134-70879-6.
  28. ↑ Freeman, C. (2014). Egypt, Greece, and Rome: Civilizations of the Ancient Mediterranean. OUP Oxford. p. 118. ISBN 978-0-19-150970-4.
  29. ↑ Thornton, I.; New, T. (2007). Island Colonization: The Origin and Development of Island Communities. Cambridge University Press. p. 80. ISBN 978-1-139-46231-0.
  30. ↑ Kupp, R.W. (2005). A Nuclear Engineer in the Twentieth Century. Trafford Publishing. p. 311. ISBN 978-1-4120-5003-6.
  31. ↑ New York Magazine. New York Media, LLC. 1990-03-05. p. 73. ISSN 0028-7369.
  32. ↑ "Civilization.ca – Greece: Secrets of the Past – Fast Facts". historymuseum.ca. Retrieved 2014-09-24.
  33. ↑ Francis, P. (1993). Volcanoes: a planetary perspective. Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-854033-5.
  34. ↑ Yahya, H. (2000). The Truth of the Life of this World. Ta-Ha. p. 110. ISBN 978-1-897940-99-0.
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  363. ↑ Hohenberg, Paul M.; Lees, Lynn Hollen (1985). The Making of Urban Europe, 1000–1950. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. p. 11.
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