List of sovereign states in the 8th century BC
The development of states—large-scale, populous, politically centralized, and socially stratified polities/societies governed by powerful rulers—marks one of the major milestones in the evolution of human societies. Archaeologists often distinguish between primary (or pristine) states and secondary states. Primary states evolved independently through largely internal developmental processes rather than through the influence of any other pre-existing state. The earliest known primary states appeared in Mesopatamia ca. 3700 B.C., in Egypt ca. 3300 B.C., in the Indus Valley ca. 2500 B.C., India ca 1700 B. C.,and in China ca. 1600 B.C. As they interacted with their less developed neighbors through trade, warfare, migration, and more generalized ideological influences, the primary states directly or indirectly fostered the emergence of secondary states in surrounding areas, for example, the Hittites in Anatolia, the Minoan and Mycenaean states of the Aegean, or the Nubian kingdoms in the Sudan. According to Professor Gil Stein of the University of Chicago Oriental Institute, "The excavations and archaeological surveys of the last few decades have vastly increased both the quantity and quality of what we know about ancient states and urbanism. Archaeologists have broadened the scope of their research beyond the traditional focus on rulers and urban elites. Current research now aims at understanding the role of urban commoners, craft specialists, and village-based farmers in the overall organization of ancient states and societies. Given the immense geographical scope encompassed by the term 'the Ancient World'".[1] This is a list of sovereign states that existed between 800 BC and 701 BC.
Africa
| State | Existed |
|---|---|
| Assyria (egypt) | 911 - 612 BC |
| Aethiopia | c. 13th - 5th centuries BC |
| Kingdom of Carthage | 814 - 650 BC |
| D'mt | 980 - 400 BC |
| Kingdom of Egypt | 1069 - 525 BC |
| Garamantia | 1000 BC - 700 AD |
| Kingdom of Kush | 1070 BC - 350 AD |
| Libu | 1550 - 146BC |
| Macrobia | c. 8th - 4th centuries BC |
| Nok | 1000 BC - 300 AD |
| Kingdom of Punt | 2400 - 1069 BC |
Americas
| State | Existed |
|---|---|
| Adena culture | 1000 - 200 BC |
| Maya | 2000 BC - 900 AD |
| Olmec | 1400-400 BC |
| Paracas | 800 - 100 BC |
| Pueblo | 12th century BC - 14th century AD |
Europe
North and West
| State | Existed |
|---|---|
South and East
| State | Existed |
|---|---|
| Kingdom of Alba Longa | 1200-753 BC |
| Arcadia | 1000-743 BC |
| Kingdom of Argolis | 1200-379 BC |
| Kingdom of Athens | 1556-1068 BC |
| Republic of Athens | 1068-355 BC |
| Boeotia | 1100-750 BC |
| Kingdom of Epirus | 1183 - 168 BC |
| Kingdom of Etruria | 768 - 264 BC |
| Iapydes | 9th century - 34 BC |
| Illyria | 2000-168 BC |
| Kingdom of Lacedaemon | 1300-950 BC |
| Liburnia | 11th century - 34 BC |
| Locria | 1250-386 BC |
| Lucania | 1000-356 BC[2] |
| Kingdom of Macedonia | 860-146 BC |
| Magna Graecia | 740 - 89 BC |
| Messapia | 8th century - 89 BC |
| Messenia | 1300-724 BC |
| Oenotria | 1000 - 325 BC |
| Oscans | 1000 - 4th centuries BC |
| Padanian Etruria | 9th century - 5th century BC |
| Iapyges | 11th century - 89 BC |
| Kingdom of Rome | 753 - 509 BC |
| Kingdom of Sabinum | c. 760 - 494 BC |
| Sicani | c. 13th century - 300 BC |
| Sicels | c. 11th century - 425 BC |
| Kingdom of Sparta | 950-146 BC |
| Tartessos | 1000-450 BC [3] |
| Thrace | 1200 - 450 BC |
| Tyrrhenia | 1100 - 764 BC |
| Venetia | c. 10th century - 231 BC |
Eurasian Steppe and Central Asia
| name | existed |
|---|---|
| Bactria | 2140 - 550 BC |
| Kingdom of Balhara | 12th century - 7th century BC |
| Chorasmia | 1290-180 BC |
| Kingdom of Colchis | 1300 BC - 2nd century AD |
| Dahae | 700 - 530 BC |
| Magyar | 1100 BC - 895 AD |
| Iberia | 1000 - 302 BC |
| Qiang | 2000 BC- 150 BC |
| Xianyun | 824-209 BC |
East Asia
| name | existed |
|---|---|
| Ba (state) | 13th century - 311 BC |
| Cai (state) | 980 - 447 BC |
| Cao (state) | 1053 - 487 BC |
| Chen (state) | 1046-479 BC |
| Chu (state) | 1030-223 BC |
| Deng (state) | 1200-678 BC |
| Donghu | 1400-150 BC |
| Eastern Guo | 1046-767 BC |
| Gojoseon | 2333-108 BC |
| Guan (state) | 1046 - 1040 BC |
| Gumie | 1046 - 480 BC |
| Western Han | 1046-764 BC |
| Huang (state) | 891-648 BC |
| Jin | 1042-376 BC |
| Kỷ line kingdom | 853-755 BC |
| Lu (state) | 1042-249 BC |
| Pi (state) | 1046-418 BC |
| Qi (Henan) | 1600-445 BC |
| Qi (state) | 1046-221 BC |
| Qin (state) | 858-221 BC |
| Quan (state) | 1250-704 BC |
| Quanrong | 954-301 BC |
| Shěn (state) | 1050-500 BC |
| Shu (state) | 1046-316 BC |
| Song (state) | 1058-286 BC |
| Sui (state) | 771-221 BC |
| Sumpa | 1600 BC - 7th century AD |
| Tan (state) | 1046-684 BC |
| Teng (state) | 1046-414 BC |
| Văn Lang | 2879-258 BC |
| Western Guo | 1046-687 BC |
| Wey (state) | 1046-687 BC |
| Wu (state) | 1046-473 BC |
| Xing (state) | 1046-632 BC |
| Xu (state) | 2000-512 BC |
| Yan (state) | 1046-222 BC |
| Zheng (state) | 806-375 BC |
| Zhou Kingdom | 1046-256 BC |
| Zou (state) | 1012-350 BC |
South Asia
| name | existed |
|---|---|
| Anarta Kingdom | 1100-550 BC |
| Anga Kingdom | 1380-550 BC |
| Asmaka Kingdom | 1150-300 BC |
| Avanti Kingdom | 900-322 BC |
| Chedi Kingdom | 1250-344 BC |
| Chola Kingdom | 2645-110 BC |
| Danda Kingdom | 1100 - 450 BC |
| Dasarna Kingdom | 1150 - 600 BC |
| Drangiana | 950 - 600 BC |
| Gurjara Kingdom | 1000 - 550 BC |
| Haryanka Kingdom | 684 - 413 BC |
| Himalaya Kingdom | 600 - 322 BC |
| Kalinga Kingdom | 1376 - 285 BC |
| Kamboja Kingdom | 1450 - 195 BC |
| Kasmira Kingdom | 1250 - 322 BC |
| Kekeya Kingdom | 1250 - c. 4th century BC |
| Kimpurusha Kingdom | 1000 - 325 BC |
| Kirata Kingdom | 1350 - c. 300 BC |
| Kosala Kingdom | 1300 - 266 BC |
| Kuru Kingdom | 1376 - 285 BC |
| Lanka | 1200 - 543 BC |
| Madra Kingdom | 1350 - 350 BC |
| Magadha Kingdom | 1200-800 BC |
| Republic of Malla | 780 - 323 BC |
| Matsya Kingdom | 1250 -318 BC |
| Nepa Kingdom | 750 - 323 BC |
| Panchala Kingdom | 1200 - 700 BC |
| Pandya Kingdom | 1350 - 460 BC |
| Parvata Kingdom | c. 9th century - 325 BC |
| Pragjyotisha Kingdom | c. 11th century - 350 BC |
| Pundra Kingdom | 1300 BC - 550 AD |
| Saurashtra Kingdom | 950- 355 BC |
| Shakya Republic | 800 - 320 BC |
| Sindhu Kingdom | 1300 - 320 BC |
| Surasena | 1300 - 323 BC |
| Trigarta Kingdom | 1150-322 BC |
| Vanga Kingdom | 1300 BC - 580 AD |
| Vatsa | 1100-323 BC |
| Vidarbha Kingdom | 1200-322 BC |
| Virata Kingdom | 1300-322 BC |
| Vriji | 1250 - 322 BC |
| Yaksha Kingdom | 1200 - 350 BC |
West Asia
See also
- List of Bronze Age states
- List of Classical Age states
- List of Iron Age states
- List of states during Antiquity
References
- ↑ Stein, Gil J (2001). Understanding Ancient State Societies in the Old World. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Press. pp. 353–379.
- ↑ Pritchard, James Cowles. "Kingdoms of Italy: Research into the Physical History of Mankind". 1999-2014. The History Files. Retrieved 18 March 2014. horizontal tab character in
|title=at position 21 (help) - ↑ "Ancient Kingdoms of Iberia, Spain & Portugal". 2014. Regnal Chronologies. Retrieved 21 April 2014.
- ↑ "Kingdoms of Anatolia". 2014. The History Files. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
- ↑ "Middle East Kingdoms Ancient Anatolia". 2014. The History Files. Retrieved 20 April 2014.