Long-chain-aldehyde dehydrogenase

ALDH3A2
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
Aliases ALDH3A2, aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A2, ALDH10, FALDH, SLS, aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family member A2
External IDs MGI: 1353452 HomoloGene: 55458 GeneCards: ALDH3A2
Orthologs
Species Human Mouse
Entrez

224

11671

Ensembl

ENSG00000072210

ENSMUSG00000010025

UniProt

P51648

P47740

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_000382
NM_001031806

NM_007437

RefSeq (protein)

NP_000373.1
NP_001026976.1

NP_031463.2

Location (UCSC) Chr 17: 19.65 – 19.68 Mb Chr 11: 61.22 – 61.27 Mb
PubMed search [1] [2]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (or Long-chain-aldehyde dehydrogenase) is an aldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme that in human is encoded in the ALDH3A2 gene on chromosome 17. Aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes function to remove toxic aldehydes that are generated by the metabolism of alcohol and by lipid peroxidation.

Structure

The ALDH3A2 belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase superfamily and is a membrane-associated protein typically containing 485 residues. The mature protein functions as a dimer. The structure was resolved using X-ray crystallography at 2.1 Angstrom resolution. It contains an element in the C-terminal region referred to as a "gatekeeper" helix, which is adjacent to the membrane-anchored transmembrane domain and the catalytic core. The gatekeeper helix appears to control access of molecular substrates to the catalytic core and allows efficient transit between membranes and catalytic sites.[3]

Function

ALDH3A2 catalyzes the oxidation of long-chain aliphatic aldehydes into fatty acids. It is known to act on a variety of both saturated and unsaturated aliphatic aldehydes between 6 and 24 carbons in length, as well as dihydrophytal, a 20-carbon branched chain aldehyde.[4] It requires NAD+ as a co-factor. The encoded enzyme is responsible for conversion of the sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) degradation product hexadecenal to hexadecenoic acid. ALD3H2 is expressed in the human liver and has been found to localize the microsome fraction inside the cell.[5]

At least two alternative splicing isofroms of ALDH3A2 are known to exist. The alternative transcript differs by an additional exon and anchors differently to the endoplasmic reticulum vs. the peroxisome [6]

Clinical significance

Mutations and deletions of in the ALDH3A2 gene have been widely associated with the autosomal recessive Sjögren-Larsson syndrome, an autosomal recessive neurocutaneous disease.[7] Multiple mutations have been found in different families, including those that molecularly disrupts the protein dimerization interface or reduces mRNA stability. Absence or insufficiency of ALDH3A2 protein products in mutant cells are known to cause abnormal metabolism of sphingosine 1-phosphate to ether-linked glycerolipids and the abnormal accumulation of lipid precursors.

References

  1. ↑ "Human PubMed Reference:".
  2. ↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:".
  3. ↑ Keller MA, Zander U, Fuchs JE, Kreutz C, Watschinger K, Mueller T, Golderer G, Liedl KR, Ralser M, Kräutler B, Werner ER, Marquez JA (2014). "A gatekeeper helix determines the substrate specificity of Sjögren-Larsson Syndrome enzyme fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase". Nat Commun. 5: 4439. doi:10.1038/ncomms5439. PMC 4109017Freely accessible. PMID 25047030.
  4. ↑ Kelson TL, Secor McVoy JR, Rizzo WB (1997). "Human liver fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase: microsomal localization, purification, and biochemical characterization". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1335 (1-2): 99–110. doi:10.1016/s0304-4165(96)00126-2. PMID 9133646.
  5. ↑ Kelson TL, Secor McVoy JR, Rizzo WB (1997). "Human liver fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase: microsomal localization, purification, and biochemical characterization". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1335 (1-2): 99–110. doi:10.1016/s0304-4165(96)00126-2. PMID 9133646.
  6. ↑ Rogers GR, Markova NG, De Laurenzi V, Rizzo WB, Compton JG (1997). "Genomic organization and expression of the human fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase gene (FALDH)". Genomics. 39 (2): 127–35. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.4501. PMID 9027499.
  7. ↑ Nakahara K, Ohkuni A, Kitamura T, Abe K, Naganuma T, Ohno Y, Zoeller RA, Kihara A (2012). "The Sjögren-Larsson syndrome gene encodes a hexadecenal dehydrogenase of the sphingosine 1-phosphate degradation pathway". Mol. Cell. 46 (4): 461–71. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2012.04.033. PMID 22633490.

Further reading


This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 11/29/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.