MTV Unplugged (Mariah Carey EP)

MTV Unplugged
EP by Mariah Carey
Released June 2, 1992 (1992-06-02)
Recorded March 16, 1992
Studio Kaufman Astoria Studios
(New York City, New York)
Genre
Length 28:45
Label Columbia
Producer
Mariah Carey chronology
Emotions
(1991)		 MTV Unplugged
(1992)		 Music Box
(1993)
Mariah Carey video chronology
The First Vision
(1991)		 MTV Unplugged +3
(1992)		 Here Is Mariah Carey
(1993)
Singles from MTV Unplugged
  1. "I'll Be There"
    Released: May 26, 1992
  2. "If It's Over"
    Released: August 28, 1992

MTV Unplugged is a live EP by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey, released in the United States on June 2, 1992 by Columbia Records. Following the success of Carey's previous two albums and the growing critical commentary on her lack of concert tours and unsubstantial televised performances, Sony BMG organised a performance show at the Kaufman Astoria Studios, New York on March 16, 1992. The show, titled MTV Unplugged, originally aired on MTV to help promote Carey's album Emotions, as well as help shun critics who deemed Carey a possible studio artist. However, after its success, the show was released to the public as an EP, with an accompanying VHS titled MTV Unplugged +3.

Upon release, the EP garnered generally positive reviews from music critics, many of whom complimented Carey's vocals. Commercially, the album was a success, peaking at number three on the Billboard 200, and was certified three times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), denoting shipments of three million copies within the United States. Additionally, the EP experienced strong success in several international markets, such as the Netherlands and New Zealand, where it reached number one and was certified double platinum. MTV Unplugged peaked within the top five in the United Kingdom, and in the top ten in Australia and Canada.

"I'll Be There" was chosen as the lead single from the album. Due to its critical success until that point, it was released one month before its parent EP, eventually becoming Carey's sixth chart topper in the United States, and one of the few songs to do so by two different acts. Globally, the song was successful, topping the charts in Canada, the Netherlands and New Zealand, as well as attaining the top five position in Ireland and the United Kingdom. After its success, "If It's Over", a song from Carey's second studio effort Emotions was released, due to its exposure on the show and EP.

Background

After the release of Carey's second studio album, Emotions (1991), critics began wondering whether Carey would finally embark on a worldwide tour, having not toured to promote her self-titled debut album.[1] Although Carey had done several sporadic award show appearances, as well as television program performances, critics began accusing Carey of being a studio artist, not capable of delivering or replicating the same quality vocals live, especially her whistle register.[1] During several televised interviews, Carey addressed the accusations, claiming that she did not tour out of fear of the long travel times and distances, as well as the strain on her voice performing her songs back-to-back. However, in hopes of putting any claims of her being a manufactured artist to rest, Carey and Walter Afanasieff decided to book an appearance on MTV Unplugged, a television program aired by MTV.[1] The show's purpose was to present name artists, and feature them "unplugged" or stripped of studio equipment. While live, the show allowed several musicians and back up vocalists, while recorded in an acoustic setting.[2] The issues Carey faced once the show was booked was the content; she didn't know what material to present at the intimate concert. While Carey felt strongly of her more soulful and powerful songs, it was decided that her most popular content to that point would be included.[2] Days prior to the show's taping, Carey and Afanasieff thought of adding a cover version of an older song, in order to provide something different and unexpected. They chose "I'll Be There", a song made popular by The Jackson 5 in 1970, rehearsing it few times before the night of the show.[2]

Synopsis

"I'll Be There"
A sample from the live performance of the song. It was released as a single, without being re-recorded at a studio. The snippet features Carey's second verse, which was originally sung by the young Michael Jackson in 1970.
Problems playing this file? See media help.

Carey's performance was recorded on March 16, 1992 at Kaufman Astoria Studios in Queens, New York.[3] The show featured a number of musicians, back-up vocalists and just a crew of ten, for filming and recording. Directed by Larry Jordan, who previously worked with Carey on the music video for "Someday".[3] Dana Jon Chapelle was chosen as the sound mixer, having worked with Carey on her previous two studio albums.[3] The show began with the song "Emotions" Carey entered the studio dressed in a black jacket and matching pants and boots.[3] Prior to the song's studio introduction, Carey opened the song with an impromptu gospel and a cappella number, eventually leading to the song's chorus led by David Cole. After the song, Carey introduced the band and staff; to her left was a four-piece string section with Belinda Whitney Barnett, Cecilia Hobbs-Gardner, Wince Garvey and Laura Corcos, while San Shea played the harpsichord and harmonium.[3] The show's rhythm section was led by Gigi Conway on the drums, Randy Jackson on bass, Vernon Black on guitar, and Sammy Figueroa and Ren Klyce, both percussionists. Additionally, Carey had ten background singers on stage, led by Trey Lorenz and Patrique McMillan.[3] The next song on the set-list was "If It's Over", a collaboration with Carole King. Walter Afanasieff replaced Cole on the piano, during which time a set of five male musicians were brought on stage.[4] They were Lew Delgado, baritone saxophone; Lenny Pickett, tenor saxophone; George Young, alto saxophone; Earl Gardner, trumpet; and Steve Turre, trombone.[4] They had been present during Carey's live performance of the song on Saturday Night Live a few months prior. As Carey introduced the song, she said "this next song I wrote with one of my idols, Carole King", beginning the performance shortly after.[4] For "Someday", Cole returned to the stage, replacing Afanasieff on the keyboard.[5] During the song, Carey would often place her index finger over her left ear, especially while using the whistle register.[5] She later explained to the audience that it would help her in hearing herself more precisely, something needed to properly execute a higher ranged note.[5] Once again, as Carey began "Vision of Love", her "first single ever", Afansieff swapped positions with Cole.[6] The performance varied heavily from the studio version, as it was more low key and only used voices in a cappella form, without any heavy instrumentation.[6] Prior to beginning the fifth song on the set-list, "Make It Happen", Afanasieff shared the organ with Cole, playing the bass while the latter handled the treble.[6] After the song began, the back-up began "piling their vocals" over Carey's, according to author Chris Nickson, and allowed the song to attain a more "churchy feel".[6] He felt the song was superior to the studio version, due to its stripped performance and vocals:

"The roughness of this version succeeded in a way the recorded version on 'Emotions' could never manage. In the sterile atmosphere of a studio, where perfection, technology, and overdubbing were the rules, spontaneity had no place. On the stage, it was valued, and this performance had it. Everyone pushed everyone just a little further, to create something wonderful, and judging by the response, the audience realized it, as did Mariah when the song was finished."[6]

Soon after completing "Make It Happen", Carey eagerly presented the final song on the set list, "I'll Be There". The way the song was arranged, Carey took Michael Jackson's lead, while Trey Lorenz sang the second lead, originally sung by Jermaine Jackson.[7] After performing the sung alongside a very simple arrangement and minimal instrumentals, the back-up singers began humming to the tune of "Can't Let Go", leading Carey to present "another final" song for the show.[7] Several days after the concert, Carey sat down with Melinda Newman from Billboard, telling her of the experience recording the show, as well as her view on it from a creative perspective.[7] She said "Unplugged taught me a lot about myself because I tend to nitpick everything I do and make it a bit too perfect because I'm a perfectionist. I'll always go over the raw stuff, and now I've gotten to the point where I understand the raw stuff is usually better."[7]

Release

Originally, MTV planned to air the show several times during April 1992, it was normal for MTV Unplugged sessions to air around six times during the month of release, before being archived.[8] Carey's version was met with critical acclaim and extended popularity, leading to it being shown more often than usual.[8] Fans from around the United States made multiple requests for the show to be aired on television, and by the end of April 1992, Carey's episode of MTV Unplugged had aired over three-times as much as an average episode would. The concert's success tempted Sony officials to use it as some form of an album. However, Carey and Afansieff were already making headway on a new album set tentatively for release in 1993.[8] This being so, Sony decided to release it as an EP, selling for a reduced price due to its shorter length.[8]

Video

After the success of the EP's lead single "I'll Be There", Sony chose to release not only the EP, but a VHS accompaniment package; a video of the actual concert titled MTV Unplugged +3.[8] Aside from featuring the seven song's performed at Kaufman Astoria Studios, it held three music videos; "Can't Let Go", "Make It Happen", and a rare remix version and video of "Emotions".[8] The video peaked atop the Billboard video chart, and was certified platinum by the RIAA, denoting shipments of 100,000 units throughout the United States.[9]

MTV Unplugged +3 garnered generally positive reviews from music critics. Allmusic editor Shawn M. Haney gave the video three out of five stars, praising Carey's vocals as well as her cover of "I'll Be There".[10] Haney wrote "Gradually, the power and esteem of these tales lift to new heights and remain at a peak with the breathtaking, moment-making performance of "I'll Be There," a charming song first cut by The Jackson 5."[10] Writing for the St. Petersburg Times, Sabrina Miller called Carey an "artiste" and wrote "Programs like MTV Unplugged showcase talent like hers with an exclamation point."[11] Journalist and writer from The New York Times Jon Pareles branded the performance "shrewd", and claimed Carey's cover of "I'll Be There" "set off fireworks".[12] A writer for Entertainment Weekly called the show a "vocal Tour de force", and wrote "in addition to her breathtaking pipes, she has developed a commanding stage presence."[13] Additionally, they felt Carey's performance of "I'll Be There" was "killer" and concluded their review with "In the process, this rare public appearance reminded us there was a big-league performer inside that party dress."[13]

Critical reception

Professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
Allmusic[10]
Entertainment Weekly(Favorable)[13]
The New York Times(Favorable)[12]
St. Petersburg Times(Favorable)[11]

MTV Unplugged garnered generally positive reviews from music critics. Allmusic editor Shawn M. Haney gave the album three out of five stars, praising Carey's vocals as well as her cover of "I'll Be There".[10] Haney wrote "Gradually, the power and esteem of these tales lift to new heights and remain at a peak with the breathtaking, moment-making performance of "I'll Be There," a charming song first cut by the Jackson 5."[10] Writing for the St. Petersburg Times, Sabrina Miller called Carey an "artiste" and wrote "Programs like MTV Unplugged showcase talent like hers with an exclamation point."[11] Journalist and writer from The New York Times Jon Pareles branded the performance "shrewd," and claimed Carey's cover of I'll be There" "set off fireworks."[12] A writer for Entertainment Weekly called the show a "vocal Tour de force," and wrote "in addition to her breathtaking pipes, she has developed a commanding stage presence."[13] Additionally, they felt Carey's performance of "I'll Be There" was "killer" and concluded their review with "In the process, this rare public appearance reminded us there was a big-league performer inside that party dress."[13] Carey was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance for the album.[14]

Commercial performance

Carey alongside Lorenz, performing "I'll Be There" live during Michael Jackson's funeral reception in 2009.

MTV Unplugged debuted at number eight on the Billboard 200, during the week of June 20, 1992.[8] In its third week, the album peaked at number three.[15] In total, the album remained in the top-twenty for fourteen weeks, and on the chart for fifty-seven (making one re-entry). MTV Unplugged was certified triple-platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), denoting shipment of three million copies throughout the country.[16] As of April 2013, Nielsen SoundScan estimates actual sales of the album at 2,774,000 in the United States.[17] On June 20, 1992, MTV Unplugged entered the Canadian RPM Singles Chart at number thirty-seven, eventually peaking at number six five weeks later.[18][19] During the week of November 22, 1992, the album spent its last week on the chart, exiting at number eighty-seven after spending twenty-four weeks on the album's chart.[20] To date, the album has been certified platinum by the Canadian Recording Industry Association (CRIA), denoting shipments of 70,000 units throughout the country.[21] In Australia, the album debuted at number thirty-four on the ARIA Charts, during the week ending July 12, 1992.[22] Weeks later, it peaked at number seven, where it remained for four consecutive weeks, and a total of twenty-five weeks in the top 50,[22] and thiry-three weeks in the top 100.[23] The album was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), denoting shipments of 70,000 copies.[23]

Outside the United States, the album experienced success in several European markets. In Austria, MTV Unplugged entered the albums chart at number thirty-nine, eventually peaking number twenty-one and spending a total of ten weeks on the chart.[24] In France, the album peaked at number twenty-two, and was certified double-gold by the Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique (SNEP), with estimated sales of 144,000 copies.[25] In the Netherlands, the EP entered the MegaCharts at number sixty-six during the week of June 20, 1992.[26] It eventually peaked at number one, staying there for three consecutive weeks, and a total of 116 weeks on the chart.[26] The Nederlandse Vereniging van Producenten en Importeurs van beeld- en geluidsdragers (NVPI) certified the album double-platinum, denoting shipments of 200,000 units throughout the country.[27] MTV Unplugged entered the New Zealand Albums Chart at number four during the week of August 2, 1992.[28] After spending three weeks at number one, and a total of nineteen in the chart, the album was certified double-platinum by the Recording Industry Association of New Zealand (RIANZ).[29] On the Swiss Albums Chart dated September 13, 1992, the album reached its peak position of number nineteen.[30] After only five weeks charting within the country, it was certified gold by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI).[31] In the United Kingdom, the album debuted and peaked at number three on the UK Albums Chart, during the week dated July 18, 1992.[32] After spending ten weeks on the chart, the album was certified gold by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI), denoting shipments of 100,000 units.[33]

Singles

After the decision to release the EP was made, Sony decided to release Carey's live version of "I'll Be There" as the only single, due to its critical success.[8] The song debuted at number thirteen on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming Carey's highest debut on the chart at the time.[8] After four weeks, the song topped the chart, becoming Carey's sixth number one in the United States, and spending two weeks there.[15] Its success across the globe was strong, peaking at number one on the singles charts in Canada, the Netherlands, and New Zealand, and reached number two and three in the United Kingdom and Ireland, respectively.[34][35][36][37][38] "I'll Be There" was certified gold by both the Australian Recording Industry Association and Recording Industry Association of New Zealand, denoting shipments of 35,000 and 7,500 units of the song in their respective countries.[23][29] After its success, "If It's Over", a song from Carey's second studio effort Emotions was released, due to its exposure on the show and EP. It was given a very limited release, and only charted in the Netherlands, peaking at number 80.[39]

Track listing

MTV Unplugged – Standard edition
No. TitleWriter(s)Producer(s) Length
1. "Emotions"  
  • Carey
  • Cole
  • Clivillés
 4:00
2. "If It's Over"  
  • Carey
  • King
 3:48
3. "Someday"  
  • Carey
  • Margulies
 3:57
4. "Vision of Love"  
  • Carey
  • Margulies
Carey 3:36
5. "Make It Happen"  
  • Carey
  • Cole
  • Carey
  • Clivillés
 4:16
6. "I'll Be There" (featuring Trey Lorenz)
  • Carey
  • Afanasieff
 4:42
7. "Can't Let Go"  
  • Carey
  • Carey
  • Afanasieff
 4:35

Credits and personnel

Credits for MTV Unplugged adapted from AllMusic.[40]

Charts

Weekly charts

Chart (1992) Peak
position
Australian Albums (ARIA)[41] 7
Austrian Albums (Ö3 Austria)[42] 21
Canadian Albums (RPM)[43] 6
Canadian Albums (The Record)[44] 11
Dutch Albums (MegaCharts)[26] 1
European Albums (Top 100)[45] 8
French Albums (SNEP)[25] 22
German Albums (Offizielle Top 100)[46] 30
Japanese Albums (Oricon)[47] 13
New Zealand Albums (RMNZ)[28] 1
Norwegian Albums (VG-lista)[48] 18
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)[49] 36
Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade)[50] 19
UK Albums (OCC)[51] 3
US Billboard 200[52] 3
US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (Billboard)[53] 16

Year-end charts

Chart (1992) Position
Australian Albums (ARIA)[54] 25
Japanese Albums (Oricon)[55] 96
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[56] 34
US Billboard 200[57] 35
US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (Billboard)[57] 76
Chart (1993) Position
Dutch Albums (MegaCharts)[58] 31
Chart (1994) Position
Dutch Albums (MegaCharts)[59] 26
German Albums (Offizielle Top 100)[60] 80
Chart (1995) Position
Dutch Albums (MegaCharts)[61] 96

Certifications

Region Certification Certified units/Sales
Australia (ARIA)[23] Platinum 70,000^
Canada (Music Canada)[62] Platinum 100,000^
France (SNEP)[63] 2× Gold 144,700[63]
Netherlands (NVPI)[64] 2× Platinum 200,000^
New Zealand (RMNZ)[65] 2× Platinum 30,000^
Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland)[66] Gold 25,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)[67] Gold 100,000^
United States (RIAA)[68] 4× Platinum 2,774,000[17]

^shipments figures based on certification alone

References

  1. 1 2 3 Nickson 1998, p. 70
  2. 1 2 3 Nickson 1998, p. 71
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Nickson 1998, p. 72
  4. 1 2 3 Nickson 1998, p. 73
  5. 1 2 3 Nickson 1998, p. 74
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 Nickson 1998, p. 75
  7. 1 2 3 4 Nickson 1998, p. 76
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Nickson 1998, pp. 78–79
  9. ↑ "American video certifications – Mariah Carey – MTV Unplugged+3". Recording Industry Association of America. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Video Longform, then click SEARCH
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 Haney, Shawn M. "Mariah Carey: MTV Unplugged". Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved 2011-03-30.
  11. 1 2 3 Miller, Sabrina (1992-08-07). "Mariah Carey a hit on MTV production Series". St. Petersburg Times. Times Publishing Company. Retrieved 2011-03-30.
  12. 1 2 3 Pareles, Jon (1993-12-13). "Review/Pop; Venturing Outside the Studio, Mariah Carey Proves Her Mettle". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved 2011-01-26.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 "Carey On". Entertainment Weekly. Time Warner. 1992-12-25. Retrieved 2011-03-30.
  14. ↑ Antczak, John (January 8, 1993). "Clapton leads the pack of Grammy nominees". Deseret News. Deseret News Publishing Company. Retrieved April 24, 2010.
  15. 1 2 "Mariah Carey > Charts & Awards > Billboard Albums". Billboard. Allmusic. Macrovision. Retrieved April 7, 2010.
  16. ↑ "RIAA Gold & Platinum > Mariah Carey". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved January 14, 2011.
  17. 1 2 Trust, Gary (April 2, 2013). "Ask Billboard: Belinda's Back, JT Too, Mariah Carey's Album Sales & More". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved May 11, 2013.
  18. ↑ "Top Albums/CDs – Volume 56, No. 1, June 20, 1992". RPM. June 20, 1992. Retrieved September 25, 2010.
  19. ↑ "Top Albums/CDs – Volume 56, No. 5, August 01 1992". RPM. August 1, 1992. Retrieved September 25, 2010.
  20. ↑ "Top Albums/CDs – Volume 56, No. 22, November 28, 1992". RPM. November 28, 1992. Retrieved September 25, 2010.
  21. ↑ "CRIA Certifications > Mariah Carey". Canadian Recording Industry Association. Retrieved August 21, 2009.
  22. 1 2 "Mariah Carey: MTV Unplugged". ARIA Charts (in German). Hung Medien. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
  23. 1 2 3 4 Ryan, Gavin (2011). Australia's Music Charts 1988–2010. Mt. Martha, VIC, Australia: Moonlight Publishing.
  24. ↑ "Mariah Carey: MTV Unplugged". Austrian Albums Chart (in German). Hung Medien. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
  25. 1 2 "Le Détail des Albums de chaque Artiste" (in French). InfoDisc. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
  26. 1 2 3 "Dutchcharts.nl – Mariah Carey – MTV Unplugged EP" (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
  27. ↑ "Dutch Certifications Database – Mariah Carey" (in Dutch). Nederlandse Vereniging van Producenten en Importeurs van beeld- en geluidsdragers. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  28. 1 2 "Charts.org.nz – Mariah Carey – MTV Unplugged EP". Hung Medien. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
  29. 1 2 Scapolo, Dean (2007). The Complete New Zealand Music Charts 1966–2006. ISBN 978-1-877443-00-8.
  30. ↑ "Mariah Carey: MTV Unplugged". Swiss Music Charts (in German). Hung Medien. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
  31. ↑ "Awards: Mariah Carey". Swiss Music Charts. International Federation of the Phonographic Industry. Hung Medien. Retrieved October 19, 2010.
  32. ↑ "Top 40 Official UK Albums Archive". The Official Charts Company. British Phonographic Industry. July 18, 1992. Retrieved November 28, 2010.
  33. ↑ "Certified Awards Search". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved August 25, 2010.
  34. ↑ "Top Singles – Volume 56, No. 2, July 11, 1992". RPM. July 11, 1992. Retrieved September 13, 2010.
  35. ↑ "Mariah Carey: I'll Be There". Dutch Top 40 (in German). Hung Medien. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
  36. ↑ "Mariah Carey: I'll Be There". New Zealand Singles Chart. Hung Medien. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
  37. ↑ "Search The Charts". The Irish Charts. Irish Recorded Music Association. Retrieved October 23, 2010.
  38. ↑ "UK Charts > Mariah Carey". The Official Charts Company. British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved April 7, 2010.
  39. ↑ "Mariah Carey: If It's Over". Dutch Top 40 (in German). Hung Medien. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
  40. ↑ "Mariah Carey – MTV Unplugged: Credits". Allmusic. All Media Guide. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved March 19, 2011.
  41. ↑ "Australiancharts.com – Mariah Carey – MTV Unplugged EP". Hung Medien. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
  42. ↑ "Austriancharts.at – Mariah Carey – MTV Unplugged EP" (in German). Hung Medien. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
  43. ↑ "RPM 100 Albums". RPM. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
  44. ↑ Nanda Lwin (1999). Top 40 Hits: The Essential Chart Guide. Music Data Canada. ISBN 1-896594-13-1.
  45. ↑ "Hits of the World" (PDF). Billboard. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
  46. ↑ "Mariah Carey - Offizielle Deutsche Charts" (in German). GfK Entertainment. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
  47. ↑ "マライア・キャリーのアルバム売り上げランキング" (in Japanese). Oricon. Archived from the original on October 26, 2014. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
  48. ↑ "Norwegiancharts.com – Mariah Carey – MTV Unplugged EP". Hung Medien. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
  49. ↑ "Swedishcharts.com – Mariah Carey – MTV Unplugged EP". Hung Medien. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
  50. ↑ "Swisscharts.com – Mariah Carey – MTV Unplugged EP". Hung Medien. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
  51. ↑ "Mariah Carey | Artist | Official Charts". UK Albums Chart Retrieved October 12, 2015.
  52. ↑ "Mariah Carey – Chart history" Billboard 200 for Mariah Carey. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
  53. ↑ "Mariah Carey – Chart history" Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums for Mariah Carey. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
  54. ↑ "ARIA Charts - End Of Year Charts - Top 50 Albums 1992". ARIA. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
  55. ↑ "1992年 アルバム年間TOP100" (in Japanese). Oricon. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
  56. ↑ "Top Selling Albums of 1992". RIANZ. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
  57. 1 2 "1992 Year-end Charts" (PDF). Billboard. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
  58. ↑ "Jaaroverzichten - Album 1993" (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
  59. ↑ "Jaaroverzichten - Album 1994" (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
  60. ↑ "Top 100 Album-Jahrescharts 1994" (in German). GfK Entertainment. Retrieved October 13, 2015.
  61. ↑ "Jaaroverzichten - Album 1995" (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
  62. ↑ "Canadian album certifications – Mariah Carey – MTV Unplugged EP". Music Canada. Retrieved 2009. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  63. 1 2 "Les Albums Double Or" (in French). InfoDisc. Retrieved October 26, 2015.
  64. ↑ "Dutch album certifications – Mariah Carey – MTV Unplugged EP" (in Dutch). Nederlandse Vereniging van Producenten en Importeurs van beeld- en geluidsdragers. Retrieved 2010. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  65. ↑ "New Zealand album certifications – Mariah Carey – MTV Unplugged EP". Recorded Music NZ. Retrieved 2010. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  66. ↑ "The Official Swiss Charts and Music Community: Awards (Mariah Carey; 'MTV Unplugged')". IFPI Switzerland. Hung Medien. Retrieved 2010. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  67. ↑ "British album certifications – Mariah Carey – MTV Unplugged EP". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved 2014. Check date values in: |access-date= (help) Enter MTV Unplugged EP in the field Keywords. Select Title in the field Search by. Select album in the field By Format. Select Gold in the field By Award. Click Search
  68. ↑ "American album certifications – Mariah Carey – MTV Unplugged EP". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved January 29, 2016. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Album, then click SEARCH

Works cited

  • Nickson, Chris (1998). Mariah Carey revisited: her story. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0-312-19512-0{{inconsistent citations}} 
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