Mothering Sunday

Not to be confused with Mother's Day.
Mothering Sunday
Date 4th Sunday in Lent
2015 date 15 March
2016 date 6 March
2017 date 26 March
2018 date 11 March
Frequency annual

Mothering Sunday is a holiday celebrated by Catholic and Protestant Christians in some parts of Europe. It falls on the fourth Sunday in Lent, exactly three weeks before Easter. (For Orthodox Christians in Europe and elsewhere, the fourth Sunday in Lent remembers St. John of the Ladder (St. John Climacus).) Once observed as a day on which people would visit their "mother" church, it has become an occasion for honouring the mothers of children and giving them presents.[1] It is increasingly being called Mother's Day, although that has always been a secular event quite different from the original Mothering Sunday.[1] In the UK and the Republic of Ireland, Mothering Sunday is celebrated in the same way as Mother's Day is celebrated elsewhere.

History

During the sixteenth century, people returned to their mother church, the main church or cathedral of the area, for a service to be held on Laetare Sunday.[2] This was either the church where you were baptised, or the local parish church, or more often the nearest cathedral[1] Anyone who did this was commonly said to have gone "a-mothering", although whether this term preceded the observance of Mothering Sunday is unclear. In later times, Mothering Sunday became a day when domestic servants were given a day off to visit their mother church, usually with their own mothers and other family members.[2] It was often the only time that whole families could gather together, since on other days they were prevented by conflicting working hours, and servants were not given free days on other occasions.[3]

Children and young people who were "in service" (as household servants) were given a day off on that date so they could visit their families (or, originally, return to their "mother" church). The children would pick wild flowers along the way to place in the church or give to their mothers. Eventually, the religious tradition evolved into the Mothering Sunday secular tradition of giving gifts to mothers.[1]

By the 1920s the custom of keeping Mothering Sunday had tended to lapse in Ireland and in continental Europe.[4] In 1914, inspired by Anna Jarvis's efforts in the United States, Constance Penswick-Smith created the Mothering Sunday Movement,[5] and in 1921 she wrote a book asking for the revival of the festival; Constance was the daughter of the vicar of Coddington, Nottinghamshire, and there is a memorial in Coddington's church.[6][7] Its widescale revival was through the influence of American and Canadian soldiers serving abroad during World War II; the traditions of Mothering Sunday, still practised by the Church of England and Church of Ireland were merged with the newly imported traditions and celebrated in the wider Catholic and secular society.[4][8][9] UK-based merchants saw the commercial opportunity in the holiday and relentlessly promoted it in the UK; by the 1950s, it was celebrated across all the UK.[8]

People from Ireland and the UK started celebrating Mother's Day on the same day that Mothering Sunday was celebrated, the fourth Sunday in Lent.[4] The two celebrations have now been mixed up, and many people think that they are the same thing.[3]

Mothering Sunday remains in the calendar of some Canadian Anglican churches, particularly those with strong English connections.

Pre-Christian antecedents

Lady Day fell on the vernal equinox. In Roman Times, this was symbolically equated with the mythical resurrection of Attis.

Consequently, the Romans celebrated the feast of Hilaria, at this time of year, dedicated to the mother goddess Cybele. In remembrance of the mythical death of Attis, Hilaria was preceded by approximately two weeks of fasting, like Mothering Sunday (in the form of the first half of Lent).

Names

Gregorian dates for Mothering Sunday
Year Date
2004 21 March
2005 6 March
2006 26 March
2007 18 March
2008 2 March
2009 22 March
2010 14 March
2011 3 April
2012 18 March
2013 10 March
2014 30 March
2015 15 March
2016 6 March
2017 26 March
2018 11 March

The other names attributed to this festival include Refreshment Sunday, Pudding Pie Sunday (in Surrey, England), Mid-Lent Sunday.[10] Simnel Sunday and Rose Sunday. Simnel Sunday is named after the practice of baking simnel cakes to celebrate the reuniting of families during the austerity of Lent. Because there is traditionally a relaxation of Lenten vows on this particular Sunday in celebration of the fellowship of family and church, the name Refreshment Sunday is sometimes used, although rarely today.

Rose Sunday is sometimes used as an alternative title for Laetare Sunday, as is witnessed by the purple robes of Lent being replaced in some churches by rose-coloured ones. The 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia asserts that "the Golden Rose, sent by the Popes to Catholic sovereigns, used to be blessed at this time, and for this reason the day was sometimes called 'Dominica de Rosa'."[11][12]

This Sunday was also once known as the "Sunday of the Five Loaves", from the traditional Gospel reading for the day. Prior to the adoption of the modern "common" lectionaries, the Gospel reading for this Sunday in the Anglican, Roman Catholic, Western-Rite Orthodox, and Old Catholic churches was the story of the feeding of the five thousand (for instance, the Anglican Book of Common Prayer stipulates St John's Gospel 6:5–14).

Other

The Epistle for the fourth Sunday in Lent as set out in the Book of Common Prayer and The 1962 Missal of Roman Catholic Church give a special place to the theme of maternal love: Galatians 4:26 states that "Jerusalem which is above is free; which is Mother of us all."[1]

Another tradition associated with Mothering Sunday is the practice of "clipping the church", whereby the congregation form a ring around their church building and, holding hands, embrace it.

For some Church of England churches, it is the only day in Lent when marriages can be celebrated.

During the church services held many churches give the children in the congregation a little bunch of spring flowers to give to their mothers.[10]

Cakes and buns

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 "Mothering Sunday", BBC, retrieved 4 March 2010
  2. 1 2 Cross F.L. & Livingstone E.A. (1974), "Mothering Sunday", Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, OUP
  3. 1 2 David Self (1993), One hundred readings for assembly, Heinemann Assembly Resources, Heinemann, pp. 27–29, ISBN 9780435800413
  4. 1 2 3 Irish Culture and Customs, Bridget Haggerty
  5. ↑ Archives suisses des traditions populaires (Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Volkskunde), 52, 1956
  6. ↑ Michael Bache, Mothering Sunday. Constance Penswick Smith – (1878–1938), Coddington (Notts) History Group
  7. ↑ The revival of Mothering Sunday,: Being an account of the origin, development, and significance of the beautiful customs which have entwined themselves … true and ancient day in praise of mothers, Macmillan Publishers, 1921, ASIN B00086O8I6
  8. 1 2 Ronald Hutton (2001), The stations of the sun: a history of the ritual year in Britain (illustrated, reprinted ed.), Oxford University Press, pp. 174–177, ISBN 0-19-285448-8
  9. ↑ Owen Spencer-Thomas, How Mothering Sunday became Mother's Day, Diocese of Ely
  10. 1 2 Mandy Barrow (2010), Mothering Sunday. The UK's version of Mother's Day, woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk (original location)
  11. ↑ Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)
  12. ↑ "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Golden Rose".
  13. ↑ "Mothering Sunday". Religion & Ethics. bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 28 May 2006.
  14. ↑ 簡世華 (2005). 寂天文化, ed. Western Holidays and Festivals / Jie qing Ying yu yuan lai ru ci (in Chinese and English). Taibei Shi: Ji tian wen hua shi ye you xian gong si. p. 133. ISBN 9789575856755.
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