Orly Airport attack

Orly Airport attack
Location Paris-Orly Airport, Paris, France
Date 15 July 1983
Attack type
 Bombing
Deaths 8
Non-fatal injuries
 55
Perpetrators Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia

The Orly Airport attack was the 15 July 1983 bombing of a Turkish Airlines check-in counter at Orly Airport in Paris, France, by the Armenian militant organization ASALA as part of its campaign for the recognition of and reparations for the Armenian Genocide.[1]

The explosion killed eight people and injured 55.[2]

Attack

The bomb exploded inside a suitcase at the Turkish Airlines check-in desk in the airport's south terminal, sending flames through the crowd of passengers checking in for a flight to Istanbul. The bomb consisted of a half kilo of Semtex explosive connected to three portable gas bottles (which explained the extensive burns on the victims).[3]

Three people were killed immediately in the blast and another five died in hospital. Four of the victims were French, two were Turkish, one was American, and one was Swedish.[4] The death toll made the Orly bombing the bloodiest attack in France since the end of the Algerian War in 1962.[5][6] The dead included a French child, and a man with dual U.S.-Greek citizenship.[7] The dual national was identified as Anthony Peter Schultze, who was studying in Paris and came to the airport to see off his Turkish fiancée. She was out of the check-in area when the bomb exploded, and was uninjured.[8][9]

Dead by country
Country Dead
 France 4
 Turkey 2
 Sweden 1
 United States 1
Total 8

ASALA claimed responsibility for the attack.

French Prime Minister Pierre Mauroy came to the airport and condemned the attack, promising to find and punish the perpetrators. Later he visited the hospital where the most seriously injured were being treated.[10] French President François Mitterrand visited some of the hospitalized victims and condemned the attack, calling it a "crime for crime's sake".[11]

The Orly bombing came only five days before the second Armenian World Congress was due to open at Lausanne.[12]

Investigation

Shortly after the Orly blast, the French police arrested 51 suspected ASALA militants. According to the police, all the arrested came to France within one year and had been under surveillance by intelligence forces. The police confiscated weapons and explosives, including pistols and submachine guns. ASALA threatened with military attacks on the French interests around the world if "the French regime continues its method of terror and terrorism against the Armenian people".[13] A few days after the French arrest of fifty-one Armenians in connection with the Orly bombing, ASALA bombed the Air France office and the French Embassy in Tehran, and threatened more attacks.[12]

French police detained 29-year-old Varoujan Garabedian (Varadjian Garbidjian), a Syrian national of Armenian extraction, who confessed to planting the bomb at the airport. Garabedian claimed he was the head of the French branch of ASALA. At the airport, Garabedian said he had too much luggage and gave a passenger $65 to check the bag for him. The bomb was intended to explode aboard a Turkish Airways plane en route from Paris to Istanbul, but it detonated prematurely on a baggage ramp.[1][14]

Garabedian confessed that the bomb was assembled at the home of an Armenian of Turkish nationality, Ohannes Semerci, in Villiers-le-Bel.[14] In Marseilles, police later arrested another Turkish citizen of Armenian extraction, 22 years old Nayir Soner, an electronics specialist who was suspected of assembling the bomb.[2][15]

French press alleged that the French Socialist government had struck a secret deal with ASALA in January 1982, in which there would be no further attacks on French soil in return for French recognition that the Turks had attempted genocide against the Armenians in 1915. Under the terms of the deal ASALA members supposedly were also granted unrestricted use of French airports, and four ASALA members charged with the takeover of the Turkish consulate in Paris, in which a security guard was killed, were given light sentences (seven years in jail). Garabedian told French investigators that the violation of the secret pact by ASALA was an accident, and that the suitcase bomb was supposed to detonate on board the Turkish airliner, not on French soil. But the Orly airport attack forced the French government to crack down on ASALA.[16][17]

Trial

During an 11-day jury trial in suburban Créteil, Garabedian, defended by Jacques Vergès, denied his earlier confession. However, he was found guilty and on 3 March 1985 he was given a life sentence. Nayir Soner, accused of buying bottles of gas used to make the bomb, was given a 15-year sentence, and Ohannes Semerci, in whose apartment ammunition and dynamite were found, received a 10-year sentence.[18][19] The victims were defended by Gide Loyrette Nouel: principal Jean Loyrette argued for denial of the Armenian Genocide; his collaborators Gilles de Poix and Christian de Thezillat argued on the attack itself, to demonstrate the guilt of the three defendants. Several Turkish scholars — Sina Aksin, Türkkaya Ataöv, Avedis Simon Hacinlyian, Hasan Köni, Mümtaz Soysal — testified for the prosecution during the trial.

In 1995, over 1 million people in Armenia signed a petition to the authorities in France calling for the release of Garabedian from prison.[20]

In 2001, after 17 years in jail, Garabedian was released on the condition he was deported to Armenia.[21] He was greeted by Prime Minister of Armenia Andranik Margaryan, who expressed happiness at Garabedian's release.[22]

In an interview in 2008, Garabedian explained the Orly bombing was a protest against the hanging execution of Levon Ekmekjian in Istanbul in 1982, and he planned to destroy a Turkish Airlines plane, which was to transport high-ranking representatives of the Turkish secret services, as well as Turkish generals and diplomats. Garabedian claims that as a result of the attack 10 Turks were killed and 60 were injured.[23]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 The New York Times. Sympathy Won't Help. July 24, 1983
  2. 1 2 The New York Times, October 9, 1983. French Hold Armenians in Orly Airport Bombing
  3. ↑ Stephen Segaller. Invisible armies: terrorism into the 1990s. Joseph, 1986. ISBN 0-7181-2704-8, 9780718127046, p. 68
  4. ↑ Brian Forst, Jack R. Greene, James P. Lynch. Criminologists on Terrorism and Homeland Security. Cambridge University Press, 2011. ISBN 0-521-89945-1, 9780521899451, p. 431
  5. ↑ The Associated Press. Orly Blast Claims Seventh Victim, New Threats. July 21, 1983. Ocala Star-Banner, July 21, 1983
  6. ↑ The New York Times. Death Toll Rises to 7 After Terror at Orly. July 22, 1983
  7. ↑ The Associated Press. Fear American Among Six Killed at Orly. Ludington Daily News, July 15, 1983
  8. ↑ United Press International. American student killed in bomb explosion. July 16, 1983
  9. ↑ The Associated Press. Armenian Terrorists Warn Turks Of New Surge of Bloody Attacks. Lakeland Ledger, July 17, 1983
  10. ↑ The Associated Press. Terrorists Bomb Airport In Paris; 5 Killed In Blast. The Palm Beach Post, July 16, 1983
  11. ↑ E.J. Dionne Jr. (July 17, 1983). "Death toll climbs to 6 in Orly bombing". The New York Times. Retrieved 30 September 2013.
  12. 1 2 Armenian Terrorism by Paul Wilkinson. The World Today © 1983 Royal Institute of International Affairs
  13. ↑ The Associated Press. Paris. Crackdown Brings Threat From Armenia Terrorists. Ocala Star-Banner, July 20, 1983
  14. 1 2 The New York Times. Paris says suspect confesses attack. July 21, 1983
  15. ↑ The Washington Post, July 24, 1983. Dutch Hold Suspect in Brussels Killing
  16. ↑ Jack Anderson, Dale Van Atta. Lebanese Is Key To Bombings Rocking France. Newsday, October 29, 1986, p. 80.
  17. ↑ Echikson, William (July 19, 1983). "Armenian bombing at Orly ends pact between Socialists and terrorists". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 1 October 2013.
  18. ↑ United Press International. Foreign News Briefs. March 4, 1985.
  19. ↑ Verdict of the trial
  20. ↑ Florence Avakian. "Over a Million in Armenia Plead for Release of Convicted ASALA Man." The Armenian Reporter. 1995. HighBeam Research. (June 12, 2012).
  21. ↑ Agence France Presse, April 24, 2001. Armenian terrorist freed and deported from France.
  22. ↑ "Armenian premier meets with released ASALA member". Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty, Newsline. May 7, 2001.
  23. ↑ "Gevorg Haroutyounyan. "Robbing the others of their glory": Interview with Varoujan Garabedian, Hayots Ashkhar newspaper, 2008.". armworld.am.

Bibliography

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