Terrorism in Europe

The acts of terrorism that have either failed, been foiled or been successfully executed within the European Union (EU) have in large part been categorised by the European Police Office (Europol) as either pertaining to religious issues, right wing, left wing or separatist movements. The field is subject to considerable cooperation among national authorities.

On land and in aviation, the bombings of the Madrid train system in 2004 (l.; makeshift shrine) and Pan Am Flight 103 in 1988 (r.; wreckage) constitute the deadliest attacks carried out in the European Union, killing 191 and 270 people, respectively.

Prevention

The seat of the European Police Office (Europol) in The Hague.

European cooperation in the field of counter-terrorism include Europol, an EU agency, and Interpol. TREVI was an early example of EU cooperation in this field. In July 2014 the Government of France introduced legislation to combat terrorism by toughening surveillance, making it lawful to detain individuals linked to radical so called "Islamist" groups, and to block Internet sites that incite anti-Semitism, terrorism and hatred. The country's Interior Minister Bernard Cazeneuve revealed 600 French nationals were in Syria at the time or planned to go there. The bill includes a ban on foreign travel for up to six months for those believed to hold terrorist sympathies, provides for the confiscation and invalidation of passports, and prohibits airlines from allowing such individuals to fly.^[1]

From 2005, the United Kingdom government introduced the CONTEST strategy, which seeks to improve co-operation between security services, and other public and private organisations.^[2] This includes four strands, namely Pursue, (seeking to apprehend potential terrorists), Prevent, (seeking to reduce risks of 'radicalisation', deter potential terrorists and share information), Protect, (seeking to ensure the security of potential targets and organisations is optimised), and Prepare, (seeking to ensure an effective response in the immediate aftermath of any attack). Similar strategies have been adopted by other countries across the European Union, and there have been increases in co-operation between nations and security forces.

History

Trend

Terrorism within the European Communities since 1951 has often been linked to separatist movements, notably the Irish Republican Army within the United Kingdom, and Euskadi Ta Askatasuna within Spain. Other perpetrators have been linked to far-right and far-left extremism, environmental extremism and anarchism. Since 2001, there has been an increase in attacks linked to extremist Islamist groups, particularly in France. The internationally co-ordinated element has seen increasing attempts by governments to seek to weaken extremist ideology, particularly Islamist extremism.

It remains the case that the majority of deaths from terrorism do not occur in the "West". When the Al Qaeda attacks against the United States in 2001 are excluded, only 0.5% of all deaths from terrorism have occurred in Western countries – European nations, United States, Canada and Australia – in the past fifteen years.^[3] However, there have been recent increases in the number of high-fatality attacks. There had been a decrease in the number of overall fatalities from terrorist attacks between 1990 and 2015, compared to those between 1970 and 1990.^[4] Prior to 1990, on average 150 people died each year from terrorist attacks; this figure would be even higher if the large number of people who died in 1988 from the Pan Am 2013 bombing were included. From 1990, an average of a little under 50 people died each year. However, this figure has begun to increase again from 2011, with the attacks by far-right extremist Anders Breivik, and Islamist extremist attacks in France in 2015 and 2016.

Europol has published an annual trend report on terrorist attacks (including failed, foiled, and completed attacks) and terrorist related arrests in the EU since 2006.^[5] The reports identify that perpetrators' known or suspected affiliations have been disparate in nature. Europol break these down into five categories: jihadist terrorism (previously termed "religiously-inspired terrorism"); ethno-nationalist and separatist terrorism; left-wing and anarchist terrorism; right-wing terrorism; and single-issue terrorism. Europol's reports do not provide a breakdown of the proportion of attacks that have been completed or the type of damage inflicted. According to these data the vast majority of terrorist attacks in the EU between 2006 and 2013 are affiliated with Ethno-national or separatist motives, followed by left-wing attacks and those that are registered as 'unspecified'. A significant number of terror attacks are motivated religiously or associated with right-wing groups. However, among those arrested on terror-related crimes most are religiously motivated and form the largest group, followed by separatist related terror suspects.

In 2015, a total of 211 completed, failed, or foiled terrorist attacks were reported by EU states, resulting in 151 fatalities (of which 148 were in France) and over 360 people injured. As in previous years, separatist attacks accounted for the largest proportion (65), followed by jihadist attacks (17). The latter, however, caused the largest number of fatalities (150) and injuries (250). The United Kingdom reported the largest number of attacks (103), but did not provide statistics on suspected affiliation.^[6] Tackling jihadist terrorism threats has become an over-riding priority for security services, although many commentators express concerns that the risk of far-right terrorism is currently being under-estimated.^[7]

• Statistics from 2006 to 2013 by affiliation
• 

  Attacks

• 

  Arrests

List of incidents

This section shows incomplete lists of attacks carried out on land and in aviation, respectively, within the European Union and its preceding communities.

Key: Motivation

  Islamic   Left-wing   Right-wing   Separatist/nationalist   Mafia-related

Terrestrial

Date	Location	Country	Dead	Injured	Means	Perpetrator
15 September 1958	Paris	France	1	3	Small arms fire	'FLN (Algerian nationalists)'	Government institutions: Several gunmen fire into the car of the French Minister of Information, Jacques Soustelle. The minister survives unharmed, however four bystanders are struck and one is killed.[8]
12 December 1969	Milan	Italy	17	88	Improvised explosive device	Ordine Nuovo	Private citizens & property: A bomb detonates at 16:37 outside the National Agrarian Bank in Piazza Fontana, about 200 metres from the Duomo di Milano in Milan, killing 17 people and wounding 88. The same afternoon, three more bombs were detonated in Rome and Milan, and another was found undetonated.[9][10]
22 July 1970	Gioia Tauro	Italy	6	72	Improvised explosive device	Ordine Nuovo	Transport: A bomb detonates on the Freccia del Sud train between Rome and Messina, killing six and injuring 72 others. The explosion happened as the train left the station at Gioia Tauro.[11]
31 May 1972	Sagrado	Italy	3	2	Improvised explosive device	'Vincenzo Vinciguerra & Charles Cicuttini' Ordine Nuovo, and Italian Military Secret Service (SID)	Government institutions attempting to frame the Red Brigades:[12][13] A police patrol discovers a suspicious white Fiat 500 parked in the village of Peteano. The policemen attempt to open the hood of the vehicle, causing the explosives inside to detonate. Three police—identified as Antonio Ferrero, Franco-Donato Poveromo and Dongiovanni—are killed, while two others are seriously injured.[13]
5 September 1972 - 6 September 1972	Munich	Germany	17	-	Hostage taking	Black September	Munich massacre: Hostage taking at 1972 Munich Olympics
17 May 1973	Milan	Italy	4	45	Improvised explosive device	'Gianfranco Bertoli' (alleged Gladio agent)	Government institutions: Gianfranco Bertoli throws a bomb into the courtyard of the police station in Milan in Via Fatebenefratelli during the unveiling of a plaque in memory of the commissioner Luigi Calabresi, killing four passers-by and injuring 45 others.[14]
14 December 1973	Marseille	France	4	20	Improvised Explosive Device	Charles Martel Group	Diplomatic (Algeria): A man exits a car and throws a bomb into the compound of the Algerian Consulate; the subsequent explosion kills 4 and injures 20 more, 4 seriously.[15]
17 December 1973	Rome	Italy	31	21	Grenade & Small arms fire	-	Airports & airlines: Five terrorists pull weapons from their luggage in the terminal lounge at the Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino Airport, killing two persons within the terminal. The terrorists then attack Pan Am Flight 110, a Boeing 707 bound for Beirut and Tehran, destroying it with incendiary grenades and killing 29 persons, including 4 senior Moroccan officials and 14 American employees of ARAMCO.[16]
28 May 1974	Brescia	Italy	8	103	Improvised explosive device	-	Political: A bomb, placed inside a rubbish bin at the east end of the Piazza della Loggia, explodes during an anti-fascist protest, killing eight people and wounding over 100.[17]
4 August 1974	San Benedetto Val di Sambro	Italy	12	48	Improvised explosive device	Ordine Nero	Transport: A bomb explodes on a train travelling from Rome to Munich on the Bologna–Florence railway line. The bomb had been placed in the 5th passenger car of the train and exploded at 1:23, killing 12 people and injuring 48.[18][19]
15 September 1974	Paris	France	2	34	Improvised Explosive Device	PFLP (Palestinian nationalists)	Private Citizens & Property: A bomb explodes at the Drugstore Saint Germain, part of the fashionable circuit of restaurants and bars on Paris's Left Bank, killing two and injuring 34.[20]
20 November 1974	Savona	Italy	1	13	Improvised explosive device	-	Private citizens & property: A bomb explodes in the lobby of a building on via Giacchero, causing the internal collapse of the structure and wounding 13. An elderly woman is hospitalized in serious condition after falling from the first floor and dies the next day in hospital.[21]
24 October 1975	Paris	France	2	-	Grenade & Small arms fire	'ASALA (Armenian nationalists)'	Diplomatic (Turkish): As İsmail Erez is returning from a reception—and as his vehicle approached the building of the Turkish Embassy in Paris—a group of 3–4 armed Armenians ambush the automobile, killing him and his driver Talip Yener.[22][23]
2 December 1975	Wijster	Netherlands	3	-	Hostage taking (12 days)	South Moluccan nationalists	Transport: Seven South Moluccan terrorists seize a train with about 50 passengers on board in open countryside near the village of Wijster, halfway between Hoogeveen and Beilen. The hijacking lasted for 12 days and three hostages were killed. The dead hostages were identified as the driver Hans Braam, and passengers Bert Bierling and Leo Bulter.[24][25][26]
4 December 1975	Amsterdam	Netherlands	1	-	Hostage taking (16 days)	South Moluccan nationalists	Diplomatic (Indonesian): Seven gunmen enter the consulate of the Republic of Indonesia and take 41 hostages, including 16 children from a school within the same building. One hostage attempts to flee the captors and falls several stories, suffering serious injuries from which he died 5 days later. The school children were quickly freed, and the remaining 25 adult hostages were released peacefully on 19 December.[27]
16 December 1976	Brescia	Italy	1	11	Improvised explosive device	-	Private citizens & property: A bomb explodes at approximately 19:00 CET in the central area of the city, Piazzale Arnaldo, injuring 11 people and killing the German teacher Gritti Daller. The device was composed of a pressure cooker, padded with 800 grams of blasting explosive and ammonium nitrate, which could cause injuries up to 50 meters away.[28]
23 May 1977	Glimmen	Netherlands	8	6	Hostage taking (20 days)	South Moluccan nationalists	Transport: Nine armed Moluccans pull the emergency brake on a train at around 9:00 and take about 50 passengers hostage. The hijacking lasted for 482 hours (20 days) before marines of the special anti-terrorist unit Bijzondere Bijstands Eenheid (BBE) started shooting at the train; an estimated 15000 bullets were shot at the train. One of the hostages and six hijackers were killed in the raid.[26][29]
9 June 1977	Rome	Italy	1		Small arms fire	'JCAG (Armenian nationalists)'	Diplomatic (Turkish): Taha Carım, Turkish diplomat and ambassador to Vatican City, is shot by two unidentified gunmen from the front and rear as he is returning to his residence. He is taken to hospital, but died from his wounds 6 hours after the shooting.[30]
13 March 1978	Assen	Netherlands	2	1	Hostage taking (2 days)	South Moluccan nationalists	Government institution: Three terrorists take 69 hostage at a Provincial Hall in Assen. One hostage, Ko de Groot, was executed during the situation and another, J. Trip, perished during a raid to free the captives.[31][32]
16 March 1978	Rome	Italy	6	-	Grenade & Small arms fire -- Hostage taking (55 days)	'Red Brigades'	Political: The car of Aldo Moro, former prime minister and then president of Christian Democracy (Italian: Democrazia Cristiana), is assaulted by a group of up to 8 members of Red Brigades (Italian: Brigate Rosse, or BR) terrorists in Via Fani in Rome. Firing automatic weapons, the terrorists killed Moro's bodyguards (two Carabinieri in the car which presumably housed the politician and three policemen in the following car) and kidnapped him. On 9 May 1978 Moro's corpse is found in the trunk of a Renault 4 in Via Caetani after 55 days of imprisonment, during which the Italian government was asked for an exchange of prisoners.
20 May 1978	Paris	France	4	3	Grenade & Small arms fire	'PFLP (Palestinian nationalists)'	Airports & airlines: Three terrorists open fire on El Al passengers in the departure lounge. All three terrorists are killed, along with one policeman, and three French tourists are also injured.[33]
5 October 1978	Marseille	France	9	12	Small arms fire		Private citizens & property: At about 21:00 (UTC+1), three hooded men armed with sub machine guns enter a quiet neighborhood bar and shoot 21 patrons, killing nine. The attack at Le Telephone bar was likely related to organized crime, although none of the attackers were identified.[34]
23 March 1979	The Hague	Netherlands	2	-	Small arms fire	'PIRA (Irish republicans)'	Diplomatic (British): Richard Sykes, then British Ambassador to the Netherlands, and his Dutch valet, Krel Straub, were killed in a gun attack in Den Haag, Netherlands.[35]
3 May 1979	Rome	Italy	2	1	Grenade & Small arms fire	'Red Brigades'	Political: During the initial phase of the campaign for the general elections, a group at least 13 men of the Red Brigades attacked the headquarters of the Lazio Regional Committee for the Christian Democracy (Italian: Democrazia Cristiana) in Piazza Nicosia. Brigadier Antonio Mea, died at the scene, while Agent of the State Police, Ollanu Peter, died on 10 May as a result of his injuries.[36]
12 October 1979	The Hague	Netherlands	1	-	Small arms fire	'JCAG (Armenian nationalists)'	Diplomatic (Turkish): Ahmet Benler, the son of then Turkish ambassador to the Netherlands, Özdemir Benler, is driving when a gunman—who had been standing at a trolley stop—walks up and fires between four and six shots through the vehicle's closed window. Benler dies at the scene.[37]
23 December 1979	Paris	France	1	-	Grenade & Small arms fire	'ASALA (Armenian nationalists)'	Diplomatic (Turkish): A gunman fires an automatic weapon amid crowds of Christmas shoppers, killing the director of the Turkish National Tourist Office, Yilmaz Colton, in Paris. The director was struck by three bullets while walking along the Champs-Élysées.[38]
10 March 1980	Rome	Italy	2	12	Improvised explosive device	'ASALA (Armenian nationalists)'	Private citizens & property: Twin bombs detonate at a Turkish Airlines office in Rome's Piazza della Repubblica, killing two and injuring 12. The second bomb was calculated to kill or wound the curious who came to watch after the first bomb.[39][40]
28 January 1980	Paris	France	1	8	Improvised Explosive Device		Diplomatic (Syrian): A bomb blast destroys the ground floor of the Syrian Embassy, killing one and injuring 8 others. Three of those injured were in a serious condition, including a pregnant woman. The attack happened 2 hours before the arrival of then Foreign Minister of Syria, Abdel Halim Khaddam, in France.[41]
17 July 1980	Paris	France	2	4	Small arms fire	'Guards of Islam (Iranian agents)'	Government institutions (Shah of Iran): Former Iranian Prime Minister Shahpour Bakhtiar escapes an assassination attempt in which a French policeman and a woman neighbor are killed. Four other officers were wounded, one seriously. Allegedly posing as reporters, a trio of gunmen attempted to enter the exiled leader's apartment in Neuilly, a suburb of Paris. A police guard at an armored door to the residence resisted and a gunfight took place.[42][43]
27 July 1980	Antwerp	Belgium	1	20	Grenade	'Abu Nidal Organization'	Religious extremism and violence: A Palestinian threw a hand grenade at a party of Jewish schoolchildren leaving for a vacation, killing one and wounding 20 others. The attacker, Said Al Nasr, was later arrested and sentenced to prison. In 1991, Nasr was 'traded' for the release of a Belgian-French family kidnapped in Libya—a demand of the Abu Nidal Organization.[44][45][46]
29 July 1980	Lyon	France	2	11	Small arms fire	'ASALA (Armenian nationalists)'	Diplomatic (Turkish): Two gunmen storm the Turkish Consulate General in Lyon. The gunmen are unable to locate the Turkish consul general and open fire on the waiting area, killing two people and wounding eleven others, two seriously.[47]
2 August 1980	Bologna	Italy	85	200+	Improvised explosive device	Nuclei Armati Rivoluzionari	Private citizens & property: At 10:25, a time-bomb contained in an unattended suitcase detonated inside a waiting room, which was full of people. The explosion destroyed most of the main building and hit the Ancona–Chiasso train that was waiting at the first platform. The roof of the waiting room collapsed onto the passengers, which greatly increased the total number killed in the attack.[48]
3 October 1980	Paris	France	4	40	Improvised Explosive Device	-	PFLP (Palestinian nationalists): A bomb went off outside the Union Libérale Israélite de France synagogue on Rue Copernic. The bomb had been hidden in the saddlebags of a motorcycle parked outside the synagogue on the eve of Simchat Torah. The explosion happened shortly before the end of services, however one of those killed were members of the congregation. French police initially suspected that the attack had been carried out by neo-Nazis, but later attributed it to the PFLP or one of its offshoots.[49][50][51][52]
25 November 1980	Paris	France	2	1	Small arms fire	-	Private citizens & property: An unknown gunman murders the Jewish owners of a Paris travel agency that specialized in tours to Israel. The assailant walked into the office of IT-Tours and fired from an automatic pistol, fatally wounding Edwin Douek, the proprietor. His wife, Michele, was killed instantly and a clerk was slightly wounded. Edwin Douek died of his wounds later in a hospital.[53]
4 March 1981	Paris	France	2	1	Small arms fire	'ASALA (Armenian nationalists)'	Diplomatic (Turkish): Two gunmen open fire on Turkish Labour Attache, Resat Morali, and the Religious Affairs Officer in the Turkish Embassy, Tecelli Ari. Both are killed.[39]
21 July 1981	Athens	Greece	2	-	Small arms fire		Private citizens & property: Two gunmen open fire on the offices of the Angeli Koussis Shipping and Tourism Co., killing two employees of the firm.[54]
24 September 1981	Paris	France	1	2	Small arms fire -- Hostage taking (2 days)	'ASALA (Armenian nationalists)'	Diplomatic (Turkish): At about 11:30 CET, four members of Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia took over the consulate killing a Turkish guard, wounding the Turkish Consul and taking 56 people hostage, including 8 women and a 3-year-old child. Shortly after midnight, the militants' leader started the negotiations that led to the end of the ordeal at about 2 a.m. He was promised by French authorities that the four militants would receive political asylum. The next day, however, the French Government issued a statement saying that the men would have to stand trial on charges growing out of the assault, including the death of a Turkish guard.[55]
20 October 1981	Antwerp	Belgium	3	106	Truck bomb	-	Religious extremism and violence: A truck bomb exploded outside a Portuguese Jewish synagogue in the centre of Antwerp. Three people were killed and 106 wounded. The attack took place on a Tuesday morning in the diamond district of Antwerp, shortly before Simchat Torah religious services were to begin.[46][49][56]
29 March 1982	Ambazac	France	5	27	Improvised Explosive Device	'Carlos the Jackal'	Transport: A explosion on a Paris-Toulouse express train kills five passengers and injures 27 near Ambazac. The blast in the baggage compartment of the Capitole Express was caused by several pounds of extremely powerful explosives, intentionally planted. In 2011 Carlos the Jackal was tried for involvement in the attack and was subsequently convicted and sentenced to life in prison.[57][58]
22 April 1982	Paris	France	1	47	Car bomb	'Carlos the Jackal'	Political: A powerful car bomb detonates in a crowded street in central Paris during the morning rush hour, killing a young woman and injuring 46 people. The apparent target are the offices of the Libyan newspaper Al-Watan al-Arabi. In 2011 Carlos the Jackal is tried for involvement in the attacks and is subsequently convicted and sentenced to life in prison.[58][59]
9 August 1982	Paris	France	6	22	Grenade & Small arms fire	'Abu Nidal Organization'	Private Citizens & Property: Two assailants throw grenades into the dining room of the Chez Jo Goldenberg restaurant and fire machine guns at the patrons. Six people die, including two American tourists, and 22 others are wounded in the attack on the Jewish restaurant in Paris's Marais district.[60][61]
21 August 1982	Paris	France	1	2	Improvised Explosive Device	-	Diplomatic (United States): A bomb, that police said was intended to target a United States diplomat, explodes on a luxurious residential street on the Left Bank near the Eiffel Tower, killing a bomb disposal expert and wounding two others. The bomb had been planted under the vehicle of Roderick Grant, commercial counselor at the United States Embassy in Paris.[62]
9 October 1982	Rome	Italy	1	37	Grenade & Small arms fire	'Abu Nidal Organization'	Separatist/nationalist: As the families of the local Jewish community began leaving the Great Synagogue of Rome, five Palestinian attackers walked to the rear the synagogue and threw at least three hand grenades at the crowd, and afterwards sprayed the crowd with submachine fire. A 2-year-old toddler, Stefano Gaj Taché, was killed in the attack after being hit by shrapnel.[63][64]
28 February 1983	Paris	France	1	4	Improvised Explosive Device	'ASALA (Armenian nationalists)'	Private Citizens & Property: A bomb detonates at the Turkish-owned Marmara Voyages tourism agency in central Paris, killing one female employee and injuring four others. The blast reportedly caused the roof of the offices to collapse.[65][66]
15 July 1983	Paris	France	8	55	Improvised Explosive Device	'ASALA (Armenian nationalists)'	Airports & airlines: A bomb explodes inside a suitcase at the Turkish Airlines check-in desk in the south terminal of the Orly airport, sending flames through the crowd of passengers checking in for a flight to Istanbul. The bomb consisted of a half kilo of Semtex explosive connected to three portable gas bottles, which caused extensive burns on the victims. Three people were killed immediately in the blast and another five died in hospital. Four of the victims were French, two were Turkish, one was American, and one was Swedish.[67][68][69]
27 July 1983	Lisbon	Portugal	7	2	Small arms fire, Hostage taking & Improvised explosive device	'Armenian Revolutionary Army'
5 August 1983	Avignon	France	7	-	Small arms fire		Private citizens & property: At approximately 4:00 (UTC+1), two gunmen shoot to death seven people at a Sofitel Hotel in a popular holiday town. The victims include the French consul-general for Saarbrücken in West Germany, Lucien Andre. Three other hotel guests and three employees of Sofitel were also killed after apparently being rounded up and ushered into a hotel room.[70]
1 October 1983	Marseille	France	1	26	Improvised Explosive Device	'ASALA (Armenian nationalists)'	Private Citizens & Property: One man is killed and 26 people injured when multiple bombs destroyed the American, Soviet and Algerian pavilions at an international trade fair in Marseille. An Armenian guerrilla group took responsibility for the attack in a telephone call to the police. However then Interior Minister, Gaston Defferre, later stated that the far rightist Charles Martel Group had also taken responsibility for the blast.[71]
7 November 1983	Athens	Greece	1	1	Small arms fire	'Abu Nidal Organization'	Diplomatic (Jordanian): A gunman shoots two security guards in front of the Jordanian Embassy, in a tour alley near the Acropolis. One of the victims dies of his injuries.[72]
15 November 1983	Athens	Greece	2	-	Small arms fire	'17N (Marxist guerrillas)'	Diplomatic (United States): George Tsantes, deputy chief of the U.S. military assistance mission (JUSMAGG), along with his driver Nick Veloutsos, were shot dead by two young people riding a motorcycle, using a .45 caliber pistol.[73]
31 December 1983	Marseille	France	5	58+	Improvised Explosive Device	'Carlos the Jackal'	Transport: A bomb explodes in the two first-class cars of an AGV locomotive as it heads north toward Paris, from the Gare de Marseille-Saint-Charles. Although the train was traveling at about 100 miles an hour, it does not derail. Rescue workers find 2 passengers dead and 20 wounded, 5 of them seriously. Half an hour later a second bomb explodes in the baggage checkroom of the main hall at the Gare de Marseille-Saint-Charles, killing 2 people and wounding at least 38. In 2011 Carlos the Jackal is tried for involvement in the attacks and is subsequently convicted and sentenced to life in prison.[58][74][75]
7 February 1984	Paris	France	2	1	Small arms fire	'Hezbollah & Islamist Jihad'	Government institutions (Shah of Iran): Gholam Ali Oveisi, a four-star general under Iran's late shah, and his brother, an ex-colonel, are killed by gunmen in downtown Paris. Their driver is also wounded.[76][77]
8 February 1984	Paris	France	1	-	Small arms fire	'Abu Nidal Organization'	Diplomatic (Emirati): A lone gunman shoots and kills the United Arab Emirates' ambassador to France outside the diplomat's Paris home. Khalifa Ahmed Abdel Aziz al-Mubarak is killed in a district of Paris near the Eiffel tower.[78]
28 March 1984	Athens	Greece	2	-	Small arms fire	'Abu Nidal Organization'	Diplomatic (British): British Cultural Attache and British Council representative Kenneth Whitty is killed in his car on an Athens street by a single gunman. His passenger, fellow British council employee Artemis Economidou, is seriously wounded and later succumbs to her injuries.[79][80]
25 January 1985	Paris	France	1	-	Small arms fire	'Action Directe'	Government institutions: General René Audran, a senior official of the French Ministry of Defence, is shot to death in front of his residence at La Celle-Saint-Cloud.[81]
21 February 1985	Athens	Greece	2	-	Small arms fire	'17N (Marxist guerrillas)'	Business: Major Greek center-right press publisher and banker, Nikolaos Momferatos, is shot and killed by a gunman. His driver, Panagiotis Rousetis, also dies in the attack in the Athens suburb of Kolonaki.[82]
23 February 1985	Paris	France	1	15	Improvised Explosive Device	-	Private Citizens & Property: A bomb explodes at an entrance to the Paris branch of the British-owned department store Marks & Spencer as it opened for business, killing a man and wounding 15 other people. Telephone calls claiming responsibility were received from the Caribbean Revolutionary Alliance, an outlawed group seeking the independence of France's Caribbean territories; and from Direct Action, a left-wing extremist group that had announced its fusion with the Red Army Faction terrorists of Germany.[83]
3 March 1985	Paris	France	4	-	Small arms fire	-	Government institutions (Foreign: Khmer Rouge): Try Meng Huot—a doctor in chemistry who had been a lecturer at the University of Paris before he became a Khmer Rouge leader—is killed in his Parisian apartment alongside his wife and another unidentified couple.[84]
12 April 1985	Madrid	Spain	18	82	Improvised Explosive Device	Islamist Jihad	1985 El Descanso bombing
26 November 1985	Athens	Greece	1	14	Car bomb	'17N (Marxist guerrillas)'	Government institutions: A car-bomb explosion next to a Greek riot police bus in Kaisariani, Athens, kills police officer Ioannis Georgakopoulos and injures 14 more. The 17N proclamation states that the attack was made to avenge the death of 15-year-old Michalis Kaltezas during clashes at the day of the rally commemorating the public uprising that led to the fall of the Greek military junta.[85][86]
20 March 1986	Paris	France	2	28	Improvised Explosive Device	'CSPPA (Lebanese faction)'	Private Citizens & Property: A bomb explodes in a packed mall of luxury boutiques on the Champs-Élysées, killing 2 people and wounding 28. A second bomb, found on a subway train, was defused by police demolition experts before it could explode. A terrorist organization calling itself the Committee of Solidarity With Arab and Middle Eastern Political Prisoners asserted responsibility for the attack in a handwritten letter sent to the Beirut office of a Western news agency.[87][88]
5 April 1986	Berlin	West Berlin	3	229	Improvised explosive device	Libyan agents	1986 Berlin discotheque bombing
25 April 1986	Lyon	France	1	-	Small arms fire	-	Business: Kenneth Marston, director of a French subsidiary of Black & Decker, is shot to death outside his home.[89]
9 September 1986	Paris	France	1	18	Improvised Explosive Device	'CSPPA (Lebanese faction)'	Government institutions: A bomb explodes inside the post office of the Hôtel de Ville, killing one person and wounding 18 others. The dead woman is identified as Marguerite Thuault, an employee of the post office.[90][91]
15 September 1986	Paris	France	1	51	Improvised Explosive Device	'CSPPA (Lebanese faction)'	Government institutions: A bomb explodes inside the Parisian police headquarters, killing one person and wounding 51 others, two seriously.[90]
17 September 1986	Paris	France	5	50+	Improvised Explosive Device	'CSPPA (Lebanese faction)'	Private Citizens & Property: A bomb thrown from a passing car explodes in front of a Tati department store on the Left Bank, killing at least 5 people and wounding about 50. The blast, which occurred about 17:30, destroyed the entire front of the seven-story building on the rue de Rennes.[92]
18 October 1986	Toulon	France	4	-	Car bomb	-	A car explodes in the seafront market place at Toulon, killing the four occupants and setting fire to a nearby building. The police said it may have been carrying explosives in preparation for a bomb attack.[93]
17 November 1986	Paris	France	1	-	Small arms fire	'Action Directe'	Business: A man and woman firing from a motorcycle kill the head of the French auto-maker Renault. Georges Besse is struck down by gunfire as he exited from his car, unaccompanied by bodyguards. He had been appointed chairman of the company in January 1985.[94]
13 July 1983	Brussels	Belgium	1	-	Small arms fire	-	Diplomatic (Turkish): Dursun Aksoy, a communications attaché with the Turkish Embassy, was shot to death by an unidentified gunman in his car.[95]
29 July 1983	Palermo	Italy	4	-	Car bomb	'Corleonesi mafia clan'	Government institutions: Rocco Chinnici, then Palermo's most important antimafia judge, is killed by a car bomb alongside his two bodyguards and the concierge of his apartment block.[96]
17 September 1983	Nivelles	Belgium	3	1	Small arms fire	Brabant massacres ^†	Private citizens & property: Three heavily armed men committed an armed robbery of a Colruyt supermarket, killing three shoppers and injuring one.[97]
1 December 1983	Anderlues	Belgium	2	-	Small arms fire	Brabant massacres ^†	Private citizens & property: Three heavily armed men committed an armed robbery of a jewelry store, killing two.[97]
1 May 1985	Brussels	Belgium	2	13	Car bomb	'Communist Combatant Cells'	Government institution: Two firemen were killed in the explosion of a car bomb at the headquarters of the Belgian Employers Federation.[98][99]
27 September 1985	Overijse, Braine-l'Alleud	Belgium	8	2	Small arms fire	Brabant massacres ^†	Private citizens & property: Three heavily armed men entered Delhaize supermarkets in two Brabant towns and killed eight shoppers.[100]
9 November 1985	Aalst	Belgium	8	15	Small arms fire	Brabant massacres ^†	Private citizens & property: Three heavily armed men entered a Delhaize supermarket, demanded money from the check-out clerk and shot at point-blank range a number of shoppers. The dead included two school girls and six adults. The attackers made off with only $3,700.[100][101][102]
6 December 1985	Liège	Belgium	1	2	Improvised Explosive Device		Government institution: A bomb explosion at a Belgian court building killed a man and wounded two other people. Officials reported other bombings at NATO fuel installations in Belgium and France on the same day.[103]
22 July 1985	Copenhagen	Denmark	1	27	Improvised Explosive Device	Palestinian nationalists	Private citizens & property: A bomb detonates at the offices of Northwest Orient Airlines, a United States carrier.[104]
23 December 1984	San Benedetto Val di Sambro	Italy	17	267	Improvised explosive device	Mafia, Camorra, neo-fascists	Transport: A bomb rips through a train packed with vacationers who were headed for ski resorts in the north, inside one of Europe's longest railway tunnels, killing an estimated 17 people and wounding more than 100. Two cars of the 14-car Naples-Milan express train, packed with at least 700 people, were blown up as it passed through the Apennine Tunnel 31 miles north of Florence in central Italy. Dozens of passengers fled on foot as firemen battled small fires set off by a short circuit near the site of the explosions.[105][106]
13 January 1985	Rome	Italy	1	-	Small arms fire	'-'	Diplomatic (Libyan): An assassin shoots the gun out of the hands of a Libyan diplomat and then kills him in a gunfight. The Libyan, ambushed outside his home, was identified as Farag Omar Makhyoun an employee of the Embassy press office.[107]
2 April 1985	Pizzolungo	Italy	3	8	Improvised explosive device	'Corleonesi mafia clan'	Government institutions: A bomb explodes at 8:50 CET as Judge Carlo Palermo's drives by. The bombing kills Barbara Rizzo Asta and her 8-year-old twin sons, Salvatore and Giuseppe, who were driving to school in a car that was apparently between the bomb and Judge Palermo's car. Judge Palermo, his driver and two other people in his car are wounded, as are four people traveling in the police car behind them. Two of the policemen were seriously wounded. The explosion also damaged houses nearby and shattered windows for blocks.[108]
25 September 1985	Rome	Italy	1	14	Improvised explosive device	'Abu Nidal Organization'	Private citizens & property: A bomb detonates at a British Airways office on Via Bissolati nearby the Piazza Barberini, killing one and wounding 14 others. Four of the victims were Italian employees of the airline, while the rest were customers.[109][110]
27 December 1985	Rome	Italy	19	99	Grenade & Small arms fire	'Abu Nidal Organization'	Airports & airlines: At 08:15 GMT, four gunmen walk to the shared ticket counter for Israel's El Al Airlines and Trans World Airlines at Leonardo da Vinci-Fiumicino Airport outside Rome, and fire assault rifles and threw grenades at the crowds waiting to check in. They killed 16 and wounded 99 before three of the attackers were killed, while the remaining one, Mohammed Sharam, was wounded and captured by the Italian police.[111][112]
19 June 1987	Barcelona	Spain	21	45	Car bomb	'ETA'	1987 Hipercor bombing
14 April 1988	Naples	Italy	5	15	Improvised explosive device	'Japanese Red Army'	Government institutions: Five people are killed, including an American sailor, and 15 others, including several American sailors, are wounded by abomb blast in front of a United Service Organizations recreational club for American troops in Naples. Four of those killed had been standing on the street or sidewalk and appeared to have died instantly. The explosion took place at 20:00, when the street was crowded with pedestrians.[113]
1 May 1988	Roermond & Nieuw-Bergen	Netherlands	3	3	Improvised Explosive Device -- Small arms fire	'PIRA (Irish republicans)'	Government institutions (United Kingdom): Three British soldiers, all members of the Royal Air Force, were killed and four others were wounded when the IRA launched separate attacks in the Netherlands. In the first attack an IRA unit opened fire on a car carrying British soldiers near Roermond, killing one and injuring three. In the second attack, two British soldiers were killed when they triggered a booby trap bomb attached to their car in Nieuw-Bergen.[114]
28 June 1988	Athens	Greece	1	-	Car bomb	'17N (Marxist guerrillas)'	Diplomatic (United States): A car bomb, detonated by remote control, kills the US naval attache in Athens. Capt. William Nordeen was killed instantly by the blast that originated in a vehicle parked by his house.[115]
11 July 1988	Athens	Greece	11	98	Car bomb -- Grenade & Small arms fire	'Abu Nidal Organization'	Private citizens & property: Three gunmen board the ship, City of Poros, as part of its normal intake of passengers at Aegina, and wait until the ship had left the port and is three miles into its journey before they attack, at approximately 20:30 (UTC+02:00). Using concealed automatic weapons and hand grenades, they opened fire on their fellow passengers, who scattered in panic, many jumping overboard, which inadvertently caused many casualties among people who became caught in the ship's propellers. Nine tourists are killed and up to 100 others are wounded. On the day of the attack, there were 471 people on board the ship. Earlier on the day of the attack, the pier that the City of Poros usually berthed at in Piraeus was rocked by the detonation of a large car bomb. The only fatalities were the two occupants of the vehicle.[116][117][118]
19 December 1988	Cagnes sur Mer	France	1	12	Improvised Explosive Device		Private Citizens & Property: At 3:00 (UTC+1), two homemade bombs explode at a crowded hostel for mostly North African immigrant workers, killing a Romanian national and wounding at least 12 others. The first blast destroyed a number of vehicles on the street, and following this a second blast, under the main stairwell of the building, destroyed the corridor into which many residents had come to check the first blast.[119][120]
27 September 1989	Athens	Greece	1	-	Small arms fire	'17N (Marxist guerrillas)'	Government institutions: Pavlos Bakoyannis, the spokesman of the leading political party at the time -- New Democracy—is shot and killed in the hallway of his office in downtown Athens.[121]
4 January 1991	San Lazzaro di Savena	Italy	3	2	Small arms fire		Government institutions: Armed members of a criminal group attack a Carabinieri patrol in Bologna, killing three officers.[122][123]
19 April 1991	Patras	Greece	7	7	Improvised Explosive Device	Palestinian nationalists	Private citizens & property: A parcel bomb explodes in the offices of a courier service, killing seven people and wounding seven others in the western port city of Patras. Six of the dead were employees and the other a customer. The bombed building also housed offices of an American concern, United Parcel International, and is near the British Consulate.[124][125][126]
29 May 1991	Vic	Spain	9	44	Car bomb	ETA	-- Political:  1991 Vic bombing
16 March 1992	Copenhagen	Denmark	1	-	Improvised Explosive Device	Neo-nazism	-- Political: A bomb goes off in the office of Internationale Socialister (International Socialists) in Nørrebro, Copenhagen, killing party member Henrik Christensen. The case remains unsolved, but the act has been attributed to Neo-Nazi movements.[127][128]
23 May 1992	Capaci	Italy	5	-	Car bomb	'Corleonesi mafia clan'	Government institutions: A half-ton of explosives is placed in a culvert under the motorway between Palermo International Airport and the city of Palermo. The device is detonated as the car of magistrate Giovanni Falcone is passing over the section of motorway, killing Falcone, his wife and 3 members of a police escort.[129]
14 July 1992	Athens	Greece	1	5	Rocket propelled grenade fire	'17N (Marxist guerrillas)'	: The Greek Minister of Finance, Ioannis Paleokrassas, narrowly escapes assassination when terrorists launch a 3.5 inch RPG round at his armored limousine in broad daylight. The attack, near the center of Athens, kills a bystander and injures 5 other people, including Minister Paleokrassas. The Minister had been driving out of his office accompanied by his wife and daughter.[130]
19 July 1992	Palermo	Italy	6	10	Car bomb	-	Government institutions: Paolo Borsellino, the chief prosecutor in the Sicilian capital, is walking with his bodyguards to his mother's apartment house when a remote-controlled bomb explodes, killing the prosecutor and 5 police escorts.[131][132][133]
27 May 1993	Florence	Italy	6	26	Improvised explosive device	'Corleonesi mafia clan'	Private citizens & property: A Fiat Fiorino full of explosives, parked near the Torre dei Pulci on a street behind the Uffizi gallery, explodes killing 6 people and wounding 26, and destroying or damaging dozens of works in the gallery's art collection. Three works—one by the 17th-century Dutch painter Gerrit van Honthorst and two by the Italian Bartolomeo Manfredi—were destroyed. Thirty others, including "The Death of Adonis," by Sebastiano del Piombo, were badly damaged.[134]
28 July 1993	Milan	Italy	5	6+	Improvised explosive device	'Corleonesi mafia clan'	Government institutions: A bomb explodes at about 23:15 CET, as firefighters arrived to put out a fire in a car near Piazza Cavour. Investigators said the fire apparently had been set to draw the firefighters to the explosion. Three firefighters, a traffic policeman and a passer-by are killed.[135][136]
24 January 1994	Athens	Greece	1	-	Small arms fire	'17N (Marxist guerrillas)'	Government institutions: The former chairman of Greece's largest state-owned bank, Michalis Vranopoulos, is shot to death on an Athens street. He had been testifying in a judicial investigation into the bank's potentially fraudulent sale of a majority stake in a cement company.[137]
5 October 1994	Paris	France	4	6	Small arms fire -- Hostage taking	-	Government institutions: Three police officers and a taxi driver are killed, and six other people—including two more officers—are wounded in separate shoot outs with two masked gunmen in Paris. The pair broke into a Paris police station to steal fire arms, then took a taxi driver hostage and forced him to drive them to the Bois de Vincennes park on the outskirts of Paris, where the final shoot out took place.[138]
2 February 1995	Oberwart	Austria	4	-	Improvised explosive device	'Bavarian Liberation Army' (Neo-nazism)	Private citizens & property: A pipe bomb concealed in a placard reading "Gypsies go back to India" killed four people at a Gypsy settlement. A neo-Nazi group calling itself the Bavarian Liberation Army took responsibility for the attack.[139]
25 July 1995	Paris	France	8	150	Improvised explosive device	'GIA'	Transport: Eight people are killed and 150 wounded in an explosion of a gas canister packed with nails and bolts on a Paris regional train at the Gare de Saint-Michel-Notre-Dame rail station. The bombing was claimed by the Armed Islamic Group as reprisals for French support for Algeria's army-backed government.[140][141]
3 December 1996	Paris	France	3	85	Improvised explosive device	'GIA'	Transport: A blast at 18:03 CET rips open the doors of a train on the southbound track of the Port Royal station of the regional express network on the Left Bank, scattering the wounded—totaling over 85—over the platform. Three people succumb to injuries caused by the bomb made from a 28-pound camping gas canister filled with nails.[142][143]
28 May 1997	Athens	Greece	1	-	Small arms fire	'17N (Marxist guerrillas)'	Business: Greek shipping tycoon, Constantine Peratikos, is shot to death in broad daylight on an Athens street. The group issued a manifesto claiming that Peratikos was targeted because he allegedly misused a large government bailout and threatened to close down his shipyard, which would have forced the layoff of 2,000 employees.[144]
20 May 1999	Rome	Italy	1	-	Small arms fire	New Red Brigades	The New Red Brigades (or Red Brigades-Fighting Communist Party) in 1999 murdered Massimo D'Antona, an advisor to the cabinet of Prime Minister Massimo D'Alema.[145]
28 May 1999	Malexander	Sweden	2	1	Small arms fire	Neo-nazism	Malexander murders Neo-Nazis Tony Olsson, Jackie Arklöv and Adreas Axelsson robbed a bank "to finance the Neo-nazi revolution" and encountered police officers Olov Burén and Robert Karlström on a small road outside the village Malexander. The two police officers were injuered in the ensuing firefight and were executed point blank by Jackie Arklöv.
28 June 1999	Stockholm	Sweden	-	2	Car Bomb	Neo-nazism	A journalist examining the connections about funding of right wing extremism by white power music-labels for Swedish tabloid Aftonbladet had a bomb placed under his car which detonated when him and his son had entered the car. The son was lightly injured and the journalist was handicapped for life.
17 November 1999	Athens	Greece	1	-	Improvised Explosive Device	'Revolutionary Nuclei'	Private citizens & property: A Greek bystander is killed when a bomb explodes near the Intercontinental Hotel, where then United States President Bill Clinton was due to stay on a state visit to Greece.[146]
19 April 2000	Plévin	France	1	-	Improvised explosive device	-	Private Citizens & Property: A bomb explodes beside a McDonald's in a small town in Brittany, killing a restaurant worker. The explosion, in the Dinan area, happens at about 10:00 CET, near the restaurant's drive-through window.[147]
8 June 2000	Athens	Greece	1	-	Small arms fire	'17N (Marxist guerrillas)'	Diplomatic (British): At approximately 7:48 (UTC+2) two gunmen on a motorcycle shoot Brig. Stephen Saunders, the military attache at the British Embassy in Athens, while he was driving alone on a busy suburban street to work at the British Embassy. The gunmen escaped in traffic. Brigadier Saunders died at a hospital.[148][149][150]
19 March 2002	Bologna	Italy	1	-	Small arms fire	New Red Brigades	On 19 March 2002, professor Marco Biagi, an economic advisor to Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi, was killed.[145] The Red Brigades-PCC claimed responsibility
11 October 2002	Vantaa	Finland	7	166	Suicide bombing	Petri Gerdt	Private citizens & property: A 19-year-old chemistry student detonates a bomb in the Myyrmanni shopping center. The bombing, which took place in Vantaa late on a Friday afternoon, is caused by a homemade explosive composed of metal shards, shotgun pellets and ammonium nitrate.[151]
3 March 2003	Castiglion Fiorentino	Italy	2	-	Small arms fire	New Red Brigades	Two Red Brigades followers, Mario Galesi and Nadia Desdemona Lioce, started a firefight with a police patrol on a train at Castiglion Fiorentino station, near Arezzo. Galesi and Emanuele Petri (one of the policemen) were killed, Lioce was arrested.
11 March 2004	Madrid	Spain	191	2050	Improvised Explosive Device	'Abu Hafs al-Masri Brigade part of Al-Qaida'	Transport: Madrid. 191 people were killed and over 600 others were wounded when ten bombs detonated in Madrid on the train line. At least one of these bombs detonated at El Pozo, a small commuter station in Madrid. It is impossible to disaggregate the casualties from any of the blast sites because of poor reporting. The bombs were detonated by cell phones and were left in backpacks. At first the Spanish government blamed the separatist group, the Basque Fatherland and Freedom (ETA) for the attacks, but later the Abu Hafs al-Masri Brigade claimed responsibility on behalf of Al Qaeda. By the end of March 2004, authorities had arrested over twenty people in connection with the attack. The suspects hailed from Morocco, Pakistan, Syria and Spain. In their claim of responsibility, the Abu Hafs al-Masri Brigade says that Spain was targeted because of their cooperation with the US in the war in Iraq. In response to the attacks, the ruling Spanish party was defeated in elections mainly because they lied about those attacks (which took place four days after the incident) and the new Prime Minister vowed to remove Spanish troops from combat in Iraq. On April 3, as the police were closing in on four suspects, including Serjame ben Abdelmajid Fakhet, who they believe was the ringleader in this incident, the suspects blew themselves up in their apartment in Madrid. This blast also killed a police officer. One suspect managed to escape the apartment explosion, as he was taking out the trash at the time of the raid. Abdelmajid Bouchar escaped to Serbia, where he hid out until he was captured in August 2005.[152][153]
8 October 2004	Paris	France	-	10	Improvised Explosive Device	Armed French Islamic Front	Bomb attack against the Indonesian Embassy in Paris by Algerian Islamist militants.[154]
7 July 2005	London	United Kingdom	56	700	Suicide bombing	'Al-Qaeda'	Transport: London bombings – Suicide bombers attack one double-decker bus and three London Underground trains, killing 52 people and injuring over 700, occurring on the first day of the 31st G8 Conference. The attacks are the first suicide bombings in Western Europe.
6 December 2007	Paris	France	1	4	Improvised explosive device		Private Citizens & Property: A parcel bomb explodes at a legal office in central Paris killing a secretary and seriously injuring a lawyer. Several other people were lightly hurt in the unclaimed blast shortly before 13:00 CET on the fourth floor of a building in the capital's fashionable eighth arrondissement or district.[155]
30 April 2009	Apeldoorn	Netherlands	7	12	Vehicle	'Karst Tates'	Government institutions: A man aims his car into a crowd of civilians attending a festival for the royal family; seven people are killed—including the driver—and 12 people are injured. The target of the attack is a bus carrying the Queen and her family, but the car is stopped several metres from the bus. The driver is identified as Karst Tates, 38, and is said to have acted alone. The motive for the attack is unknown.[156]
17 June 2009	Athens	Greece	1	-	Small arms fire	'Sect of Revolutionaries'	Government institutions: Several gunmen shoot a 41-year-old anti-terrorism officer several times at close range. The officer died in his car as the assailants fled on motorcycles in the densely populated Patissia area of Athens.[157]
28 March 2010	Athens	Greece	1	2	Improvised Explosive Device		Private citizens & property: A bomb explodes outside an institute for training public officials in the Patissia area of the Greek capital Athens, killing a 15-year-old boy. The boy's 10-year-old sister was seriously injured and their mother, 45, was slightly hurt. Police said the family, all Afghans, were apparently just walking past the building when the bomb, contained in a bag, exploded.[158]
24 June 2010	Athens	Greece	1	-	Improvised Explosive Device		Government institutions: A powerful bomb sent in a package to the minister of public order explodes near his office, killing his 52-year-old assistant, who opened the package. The minister, Michalis Chrysochoidis, who is in charge of the police and counter-terrorism, was not in his office at the time.[159]
19 July 2010	Athens	Greece	1	-	Small arms fire	'Sect of Revolutionaries'	Journalists & Media: At 5:25 (UTC+2), in the Llioupoli area of Athens unidentified gunmen armed with nine millimeter pistols shot and killed an investigative journalist, Sokratis Giolias, outside his residence. He was shot 15 times by three gunmen dressed as security personnel reporting someone had stolen his car. The authorities said the 37-year-old Giolias was killed by at least three assailants firing a pair of nine-millimetre handguns—the same weapons which the Revolutionary Sect group had used to kill an anti-terrorist officer in 2009.[160]
11 December 2010	Stockholm	Sweden	1	2	Suicide bombing	Taimour Abdulwahab al-Abdaly	Private citizens & property: At around 17:00 (CET), a suicide bomber detonated an improvised explosive device in one of two related attacks in the Drottningatan area of Stockholm. The resulting blast killed the bomber and wounds two civilians. Shortly before, a car bomb exploded with no casualties.
2 March 2011	Frankfurt	Germany	2	2	Small arms fire	Arid Uka	The 2011 Frankfurt Airport shooting occurred on 2 March 2011 at Frankfurt Airport in Germany. The shooter, Arid Uka, was arrested and charged with killing two United States airmen and seriously wounding two others. He was sentenced to life in prison on 10 February 2012.[161]
22 July 2011	Oslo Utøya	Norway	77	319	Explosives, Small arms fire	Anders Behring Breivik	Private citizens & property: The 2011 Norway Attacks involved two lone wolf terrorist attacks by Anders Behring Breivik against the government, the civilian population, and a Workers' Youth League (AUF)-run summer camp. The attacks claimed a total of 77 lives.[162]
15 March 2012	Montauban	France	2	1	Small arms fire	Mohammed Merah	Government institutions: At around 14:00 CET, two uniformed soldiers were killed and a third was seriously injured outside a shopping centre in Montauban, while withdrawing money from a cash machine. They were all from the 17th Parachute Engineer Regiment (17^e Régiment du génie parachutiste), whose barracks are close to the town. Corporal Abel Chennouf, 24, and Private Mohamed Legouad, 23, both of North African origin, were killed. Corporal Loïc Liber, 28, from Guadeloupe, was left in a coma.[163][164]
19 March 2012	Toulouse	France	4	1	Small arms fire	Mohammed Merah	Religious extremism and violence: At about 8:00 CET, a man drove up to the Ozar Hatorah school on a motorcycle. He dismounted, and immediately opened fire toward the schoolyard. Four people died: 30-year-old Rabbi Jonathan (Yonatan) Sandler; his two oldest (out of three) children Aryeh, aged 6, and Gabriel, aged 3; and the head teacher's daughter, eight-year-old Miriam Monsonego, the girl shot in the head. Bryan Bijaoui, a 17-year-old Jewish boy, was gravely injured.[165][166][167]
19 May 2012	Brindisi	Italy	1	5	Improvised explosive device	Giovanni Vantaggiato	Government institutions: Three gas cylinder bombs hidden in a large rubbish bin explode in front of the Morvillo Falcone High School, killing one 16-year-old female student and injuring five others - one seriously.[168]
18 July 2012	Burgas	Bulgaria	7	30	Suicide bombing	Hezbollah, Jihadism	Transport: A suicide bomber detonates an explosive device on a bus carrying 42 Israeli tourists nearby Burgas Airport. The explosion killed the Bulgarian bus driver and five Israelis. Investigators found forged documents, used by the perpetrators of the attack, that had been obtained by a man with ties to Hezbollah.[169][170][171]
22 May 2013	London	United Kingdom	1	-	Small arms fire		A British soldier, Lee Rigby, was murdered in an attack in Woolwich by Michael Adebolajo and Michael Adebowale, two Islamist extremists armed with a handgun and a number of bladed implements. Both men were sentenced to life imprisonment, with Adebolajo given a whole life order and Adebowale ordered to serve at least 45 years.
24 May 2014	Brussels	Belgium	4	-	Small arms fire	Islamic State	Religious extremism and violence: On 24 May 2014, a gunman opened fire at the Jewish Museum of Belgium in Brussels, Belgium, killing four people. Three died at the scene; a fourth was taken to hospital and died on 6 June.[172] The attack is being investigated as terrorism by Belgian authorities.[173]
20 December 2014	Tours	France	-	3	Stabbing	Bertrand Nzohabonayo	A man yelling "Allahu Akbar" attacked a police office in Joué-lès-Tours with a knife. He was killed and 3 police officers were injured.
7 January 2015	Paris	France	20 (3 perps.)	22	Small arms fire	Al-Qaeda in Yemen	Religious extremism and violence: On the morning of 7 January 2015, at about 11:30 local time, two Islamist terrorists armed with assault rifles and other weapons forced their way into the offices of the French satirical weekly newspaper Charlie Hebdo in Paris. They fired up to 50 shots, initially killing 11 people and injuring 11 others, and shouted "Allahu Akbar" (Arabic for "God is [the] greatest") during their attack.
14 February 2015	Copenhagen	Denmark	3 (1 perp.)	5	Small arms fire	Omar Abdel Hamid El-Hussein	Religious extremism and violence: A shooting spree occurred in Copenhagen, Denmark, starting on the afternoon of 14 February 2015. The first shooting took place at 15:33 CET at the Krudttønden cultural centre during a public seminar called "Art, Blasphemy and Freedom of Expression". The event was to commemorate the 26th anniversary of the fatwa issued by Ayatollah Khomeini calling for the killing of Salman Rushdie. A gunman killed one civilian, and wounded three police officers.[174] Swedish artist Lars Vilks was in attendance, and it is thought Vilks was the main target as a result of the controversy over his drawings of Muhammad. The French ambassador to Denmark, François Zimeray, was also in attendance.
26 June 2015	Saint-Quentin-Fallavier	France	1	2	Beheading	Yassine Salhi	Yassine Salhi, a French Muslim of North African descent, decapitated his employer Hervé Cornara and drove his van into gas cylinders at a gas factory in Saint-Quentin-Fallavier near Lyon, France, which caused an explosion that injured two other people.
21 August 2015	Pas-de-Calais	France	-	4	Small arms fire, Stabbing	Ayoub El Khazzani	On 21 August 2015, a shooting and stabbing took place on board a Thalys train in France on its way from Amsterdam to Paris. The train had just crossed the border from Belgium into France and was traveling in Oignies (department of Pas-de-Calais) when the perpetrator opened fire in a train carriage before being subdued by passengers, one of whom he stabbed.
17 September 2015	Berlin	Germany	-	1	Stabbing	Rafik Mohamad Yousef	Rafik Yousef was tried and convicted for plotting to assassinate the Prime Minister of Iraq during his visit to Germany in 2004, attacked a German police officer with a knife in Berlin and was shot by the police.
22 October 2015	Trollhättan	Sweden	3 (1 perp.)	1	Stabbing with a sword	Anton Lundin Pettersson	The Swedish assailant armed with a long sword attacked a school in a district with a large immigrant population. Subsequent investigation showed he was motivated by a racist ideology.
13 November 2015	Paris	France	137 (7 perps.)	368	Small arms fire, Explosives	Islamic State	Religious extremism and violence:
1 January 2016	Valence, Drôme	France	-	2	Vehicle		A man rammed his car twice into four soldiers protecting a mosque in Valence. He said he wanted to kill troops and jihadi propaganda images were found on his computer.[175]
5 December 2015	London	United Kingdom		3	Stabbing	Muhaydin Mire	3 left injured after stabbing in London Underground. At approximately 7:00 p.m. in the Leytonstone underground tube station, a man shouted "this is for Syria", before proceeding to stab and injure three people, one seriously. By 7:15 p.m. the man had been tasered and restrained by officers, and was taken into custody. The station remained closed until 3:00 a.m. the following morning. The Metropolitan Police formally announced the attack was being treated as a terrorist attack, which caused a stir among the public following last month's attacks in Paris.[176]
7 January 2016	Paris	France	-	1	Stabbing	Tarek Belgacem	A jihadist wearing a fake explosive belt attacked police officers in the Goutte d'Or district in Paris with a meat cleaver, while shouting "Allahu Akbar". He was shot dead and one policeman receiving injuries. The ISIS flag and a clearly written claim in Arabic, were found on the attacker.
26 February 2016	Hanover	Germany	-	1	Stabbing	Safia S.	A 15-year-old girl stabbed and severely injured a policemen after she was stopped for a search. The earlier tried to join the Islamic State but was stopped by her mother.[177]
22 March 2016	Brussels, Zaventem	Belgium	35 (3 perps.)	330	Suicide bombing	Islamic State	At approximately 8 a.m. in the Zaventem two explosions went off in the departures hall of Brussels Airport. One of these was close to the American Airlines counter. The explosions left 13 dead and 81 wounded. At 9 a.m., another explosion went off at the Maelbeek metro station, killing at least another 20 and leaving 190 more victims wounded. Brussels went to complete lockdown and the highest possible state of terror threat alert.
16 April 2016	Essen	Germany	-	3	Explosives		Two teenage Islamist extremists threw a bomb at a Sikh temple during a wedding. Three members of the Sikh community were injured.[178][179]
13 June 2016	Paris	France	3 (1 perp.)	-	Stabbing	Larossi Abballa	At approximately 8.30 p.m. Larossi Abballa stabbed a 42-year-old police commander to death. Larossi then held the commander's wife and the couple's three-year-old son hostage and killed the wife later. Larossi was killed when the police stormed the house.
14 July 2016	Nice	France	87 (1 perp.)	434	Car ramming attack	Mohamed Lahouaiej-Bouhlel
18 July 2016	Würzburg	Germany	1 (perp.)	5	Stabbing	Riaz Khan Ahmadzai	A 17-year-old Afghan refugee injured several people in a regional train with an ax.
24 July 2016	Ansbach	Germany	1 (perp.)	15	Suicide bombing	Mohammad Daleel
26 July 2016	Saint-Étienne-du-Rouvray	France	3 (2 perps.)	3	Stabbing	Islamic State	Two Islamic State terrorists storm a Normandy Catholic church during a Tuesday morning Mass, slitting the throat of an 86-year-old priest and taking several churchgoers hostage. French Police conducted a counter terrorism operation on the church, killing both of the terrorists, and rescuing the hostages.
6 August 2016	Charleroi	Belgium	1 (perp.)	2	Stabbing	Khaled Babouri	A man attacked two police officers with a machete in a police station in Charleroi while shouting "Allahu Akbar" during the assault. Another officer, who was nearby, shot the attacker, who died in hospital later.[180]
7 September 2016	Sint-Jans-Molenbeek	Belgium	-	2	Stabbing	Islamic State	Two Belgian police officers patrolling the streets of Molenbeek were stabbed by an illegal migrant, with a knife. The suspect shouted 'Allahu Akbar' before proceeding to attack the officers with the knife. Both police officers were wearing stab-proof vests, however, and they both incurred only minor-moderate injuries.[181]
24 September 2016	Budapest	Hungary	-	2	Bombing	Neo-fascism	Two police officers were seriously injured when a man threw a nail-bomb device towards them. The event preceded a referendum in Hungary which would decide whether to accept the European Union's refugee and migrant quota, suggesting that the perpetrator may have acted with political motives. It was initially suspected that the incident was related to a gas blast, but police later confirmed that a nail bomb had been found.[182]
27 September 2016	Rimini	Italy	-	1	Stabbing	Islamic State	A man of Albanian origin was arrested after an assault on a soldier as he praised ISIS. The act, which Italian police soon confirmed was related to terrorism, occurred in Rimini. Police officers or members of the army reportedly approached the man and attempted to aprehend him or take him into custody. It was at this point that the man attacked 1 member of the arresting team. Media reported that the Albanian said: "I'm Isis, beware". The 21-year-old was immediately arrested and taken to jail.[183]
5 October 2016	Scharbeek	Belgium	-	4 (1 perp.)	Stabbing	Islamist	On 5 October 2016, an attacker wielding a knife stabbed knife police officers and assaulted a third in the Schaerbeek neighborhood of Brussels, Belgium, in what officials describe as a terrorist attack. The assailant was then shot in the leg, subdued, and taken for medical treatment.
31 October 2016	Cologne	Germany	-	2 (1 perp.)	Stabbing	Islamist	On 31 October 2016, a woman attacked two police officers while shouting "Allahu akbar" before being killed.[184]

Key: Motivation

  Islamism   Left-wing   Right-wing   Separatist/nationalist   Mafia-related

Aerial

Date	Sub	Flight	Dead	Injured	Pax.	Type	Perpetrator
18 February 1969		El Al — 432 AMS → ZRH → TLV	1	8	28	Grenade & Small arms fire	PFLP (Palestinian nationalists)	Description
17 December 1973		Lufthansa — 'Unnamed Boeing 737' FCO → ATH → DAM → KWA	2	2	10	Hijacking -- Hostage taking (2 days)	-	Description
8 September 1974		Trans World Airlines — 841 TLV → ATH → FCO → JFK	88	-	88	Improvised Explosive Device	Abu Nidal Organisation (Suspected)	Description
27 June 1976	—	Air France — 193 TLV → BEN → EBB	4	10	260	Hijacking -- Hostage taking (8 days)	PFLP-EO (Palestinian nationalists) & Revolutionary Cells	Description
13 October 1977	—	Lufthansa — 181 PMI → FCO → LCA → BAH → DXB → ADE → MGQ	1	4	91	Hijacking -- Hostage taking (6 days)	PFLP (Palestinian nationalists)	Description
14 June 1985	—	Trans World Airlines — 847 ATH → BEY → ALG → BEY → ALG → BEY	1	5	147	Hijacking -- Hostage taking (3 days)	Hezbollah & Islamic Jihad	Description
23 November 1985	—	Egypt Air — 648 ATH → MLA	58	20+	95	Hijacking -- Hostage taking (2 days)	Abu Nidal Organisation	Description
2 April 1986		Trans World Airlines — 840 FCO → ATH	4	7	122	Improvised Explosive Device	Abu Nidal Organisation	Description
21 December 1988		Pan Am Flight 103 FRA → LHR → JFK → DTW	270	0	259	Improvised explosive device	Libyan agents	Description
19 September 1989		Union de Transport Aériens — 772 BZV → NDJ → CDG	170	-	170	Improvised explosive device	Libyan agents	Description
24 December 1994		Air France — 8969 ALG → MRS	3	16	232	Hijacking	GIA (Islamists)	Description

See also

• Wave of Terror in Europe
• Islamic terrorism in Europe
• Left-wing terrorism in Europe
• Terrorism in the United States
• List of terrorist incidents in Denmark
• List of terrorist incidents in France
• List of terrorist incidents in Great Britain
• List of non-state terrorist incidents
• List of Islamist terrorist attacks
  • List of thwarted Islamist terrorist attacks
  • List of terrorist incidents linked to ISIL

References

1. "Legislation to crack down on jihadists planned by France". France News.Net. Retrieved 10 July 2014.
2. "The United Kingdom's Strategy for Countering Terrorism: Annual Report 2015" (PDF). Her Majesty's Stationary Office. Retrieved 13 August 2016.
3. "Global Terrorism Index: Measuring and Understanding the Impact of Terrorism" (PDF). Insitute for Economics and Peace. Retrieved 13 August 2016.
4. "Is Terrorism in Europe at a Historical High?". World Economic Forum. Retrieved 13 August 2016.
5. Europol statistics, europol.europa.eu, retrieved 15 January 2015
6. European Union Terrorism Situation and Trend Report 2016, europol.europa.eu, retrieved 13 August 2016
7. Focus on Islamist terror plots overlooks threat from far right – report, The Guardian, retrieved 13 August 2016
8. David C. Rapoport, ed. (2006). Terrorism: The second or anti-colonial wave. Taylor & Francis. pp. 244–245. ISBN 9780415316521.
9. "1969: Deadly bomb blasts in Italy". BBC News. December 12. Retrieved April 2006. Check date values in: |access-date=, |date= (help)
10. Willan, Philip (2 July 2001). "Three jailed for 1969 Milan bomb". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 February 2014.
11. Chalk, Peter (2012). Encyclopedia of Terrorism. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. pp. 632–633.
12. Daniele Ganser, NATO's Secret Armies. Operation Gladio and Terrorism in Western Europe, Franck Cass, London, 2005, pp.3–4
13. "Strage di Piazza Fontana spunta un agente USA". La Repubblica. February 11, 1998. Retrieved 2007-02-20. (With original documents, including juridical sentences and the report of the Italian Commission on Terrorism) (Italian)
14. "Gianfranco Bertoli, l `anarchist bomb at police headquarters in Milan". Radiotelevisione Italiana S.p.A. (in Italian). 17 December 2000. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
15. "Bomb at Algerian Consulate". The Glasgow Herald. Associated Press. 15 December 1973. Retrieved 8 February 2014.
16. "Significant Terrorist Incidents, 1961-2003: A Brief Chronology". Office of the Historian: Bureau of Public Affairs. United States Department of State. Retrieved 8 February 2014.
17. Moody, Barry (16 April 2012). "New verdict deepens mystery about Italy bombings". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 8 February 2014.
18. Charles Richards (1990-12-01). "Gladio is still opening wounds" (PHP). Independent: 12. Retrieved 2009-08-03.
19. Ed Vulliamy (2007-03-04). "Blood and glory" (XHTML). The Observer. Retrieved 2009-08-03.
20. Guinness, Molly (4 November 2010). "Carlos the Jackal's Parisian trail of destruction". Radio France International. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
21. "20 Novembre 2006 - Cerimonia per ricordare gli attentati del 1974 e 1975 a Savona". Comunicati stampa (in Italian). Comune di Savona. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
22. Rubin 2008, p. 69
23. "Assassinated Turkish Diplomats/Officials and Their Families Serving in Missions Abroad". Republic of Turkey: Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 10 February 2014.
24. Gordon Kerr; Phil Clarke (2013). Hostages: Dramatic Accounts of Real-Life Events. Canary Press eBooks. ISBN 9781907795800.
25. "TERRORISM: Murder on the Milk Train". Time. 15 December 1975. Retrieved 8 February 2014.
26. "Episode 7: The Moluccan Separatists". International Terrorism Since 1945. UKTV History. Retrieved 8 February 2014.
27. "Terrorists Seize Office, Hostages", Milwaukee Sentinel, December 6, 1975, p2
28. "Piazza Arnaldo, the forgotten bomb". Corriere della Sera (in Italian). 15 December 2006. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
29. "Jail sentences for Moluccan hostage-takers". Ottawa Citizen. Reuters. 22 September 1977. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
30. Staff writers (9 June 1977). "In Rome: Turk Envoy Is Slain". Spokane Daily Chronicle. Associated Press. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
31. Kristen Boon; Aziz Z. Huq; Douglas C. Lovelace (2011). Oceana, ed. European Responses to Terrorist Radicalization. Oxford University Press. p. 324. ISBN 9780199758227. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
32. Beatrice de Graaf (2011). Evaluating Counterterrorism Performance: A Comparative Study. Routledge. pp. 36–37. ISBN 9781136806551.
33. Lewis, Flora (May 21, 1978). "3 TERRORISTS KILLED IN ATTACK IN PARIS ON EL AL PASSENGERS; 3 French Tourists Bound for Israel Are Injured and One Policeman Is Killed in 25-Minute Fight". The New York Times. Retrieved 9 October 2011.
34. "Gangsters In France Gun Down Nine Rivals". Bangor Daily News. 5 October 1978. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
35. Keatley, Patrick (23 March 1979). "IRA link in envoy's death". The Guardian. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
36. "Red Brigades Attack". The Pittsburgh Press. 3 May 1979. Retrieved 10 February 2014.
37. "Son of Turkish Diplomat Slain in the Netherlands". The New York Times. 12 October 1979. Retrieved 11 February 2014.
38. "Turkish official murdered in Paris". The Montreal Gazette. 23 December 1979. Retrieved 17 February 2014.
39. Terrorist Group Profiles. DIANE Publishing. 1989. pp. 34–35. ISBN 9781568068640.
40. Worldwide Significant Criminal Acts Involving Civil Aviation, January-December 1980. United States Office of Civil Aviation Security. 1981. p. 5.
41. Staff writers (29 January 1980). "Syrian Embassy In Paris Ripped By Bomb Blast". The Sumter Daily Item. Associated Press. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
42. Treuthardt, Paul (18 July 1980). "Bakhtiar Escapes Assassination Attempt In Paris". The Lewiston Journal. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
43. Staff writers (17 July 1980). "Two Killed In Attempt, Bakhtiar Escapes Assassination Try". Daily News. Associated Press. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
44. Gorenberg, Gershom (29 December 2002). "THE LIVES THEY LIVED; The Detonator". New York Times. Retrieved 6 February 2014.
45. "Palestine Unit to Free Hostages". Los Angeles Times. 8 January 1991. Retrieved 6 February 2014.
46. Lewis, Paul (21 October 1981). "2 KILLED BY BOMB AT ANTWERP SYNAGOGUE". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 February 2014.
47. Rubin 2008, p. 77
48. "1980: Bologna blast leaves dozens dead". On This Day... BBC News Onlkine. Retrieved 8 February 2014.
49. "Bomb Kills 3 in Antwerp". The Reading Eagle. 1981-10-20.
50. Cobb, Chris (November 9, 2010). "Paris blast, Part 1: The Explosion". Ottawa Citizen.
51. Cobb, Chris (November 9, 2010). "Paris blast, Part 2: The Aftermath". Ottawa Citizen.
52. Cobb, Chris (November 9, 2010). "Paris blast, Part 3: The Investigation". Ottawa Citizen.
53. "Terrorists kill 2 in Paris". Lakeland Ledger. 1 December 1980. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
54. Staff writer (22 July 1981). "Gunmen Slay Two In Greek Attack". Lodi News-Sentinel. United Press International. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
55. 60 held 15 hours in a siege in Paris. The New York Times. September 25, 1981, Friday, Late City Final Edition
56. "Jewish Targets: Recent Attacks". The New York Times. 1986-09-07.
57. "Blast on French Train Is Attributed to a Bomb". The New York Times. 31 October 1982. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
58. Clark, Nicola (7 November 2011). "Carlos the Jackal Goes on Trial for Bombings in France". The New York Times. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
59. Tanner, Henry (23 April 1982). "BOMB IN PARIS KILLS 1; 2 SYRIANS OUSTED". The New York Times. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
60. Rothman, Andrea (19 March 2012). "4 Dead in Shooting at Jewish School in France". Businessweek. Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 19 March 2012. Retrieved 19 March 2012.
61. "Paris symbol of Jewish life to disappear". European Jewish Press. 16 January 2006. Retrieved 19 March 2012.
62. "Car Bomb In Paris Kills Man". The Bulletin. 22 August 1982. Retrieved 17 February 2014.
63. Kamm, Henry (10 October 1982). "TERRORISTS RAID ROME SYNAGOGUE; BOY, 2, IS KILLED AND 34 ARE HURT". New York Times. Retrieved 6 February 2014.
64. "5 hunted in fatal attack on synagogue in Rome". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Associated Press. 11 October 1982. Retrieved 6 February 2014.
65. "Armenians Claim Deadly Bomb Blast". Times Daily. 1 March 1983. Retrieved 17 February 2014.
66. Rubin 2008, p. 80
67. The Associated Press. Orly Blast Claims Seventh Victim, New Threats. July 21, 1983. Ocala Star-Banner, July 21, 1983
68. The New York Times. Death Toll Rises to 7 After Terror at Orly. July 22, 1983
69. The New York Times, October 9, 1983. French Hold Armenians in Orly Airport Bombing
70. Staff writers (5 August 1983). "Thieves Kill 7 In Botched Hotel Holdup". The Telegraph. Associated Press. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
71. "One Killed and 26 Hurt In Marseilles Explosion". The New York Times. Reuters. 1 October 1983. Retrieved 8 February 2014.
72. "Gunman Kills Embassy Guard". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. 8 November 1983. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
73. "U.S. NAVY OFFICER IS ASSASSINATED IN ATHENS BY UNKNOWN GUNMEN". The New York Times. 16 November 1983. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
74. "4 REPORTED KILLED BY BOMBS IN FRANCE". The New York times. Associated Press. 1 January 1984. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
75. "Carlos condamné à la réclusion criminelle à perpétuité et 18 ans de sûreté". Le Monde (in French). Associated Press. 16 December 2011. Retrieved 8 February 2014.
76. "Gunmen Kill Former Iran General, Brother In Paris; driver wounded". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. 8 February 1984. Retrieved 13 February 2014.
77. "Two Iranian exiles are assassinated in Paris". Lodi News Sentinel. Paris. UPI. 8 February 1984. Retrieved 5 August 2013.
78. Staff writers (7 February 1984). "United Arab Emirates' Envoy To France Killed". The Lewiston Journal. Associated Press. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
79. "Gunman Kills British Diplomat". The Glasgow Herald. 29 March 1984. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
80. Philps, Alan (20 August 2002). "Mystery end of Abu Nidal - the retired terrorist". The Telegraph. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
81. "How Paris Became A Killing Field". The Sydney Morning Herald. 24 February 1987. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
82. Kassimeris, George (2013). Inside Greek Terrorism. Oxford University Press. p. 43. ISBN 9780199333394.
83. Vinocur, John (24 February 1985). "MAN KILLED IN BLAST IN BRITISH STORE IN PARIS; 15 HURT". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 February 2014.
84. Becker, Elizabeth (1998). When the War Was Over: Cambodia and the Khmer Rouge Revolution. Public Affairs. p. 518. ISBN 9780786725861.
85. ΤΑ ΧΤΥΠΗΜΑΤΑ ΤΗΣ "17 ΝΟΕΜΒΡΗ" Νο 6-10. To Vima (in Greek). 28 July 2002. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
86. Staff writers (28 November 1985). "Police Scour Athens For 3 Suspects In In Fatal Bombing". The News and Courier. Associated Press. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
87. "ARAB TERRORISTS CLAIM PARIS ARCADE BOMBING". The New York times. 22 March 1986. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
88. Staff writers (21 March 1986). "Bomb Kills 1, Injures 29 in Paris". Times Daily. Associated Press. Retrieved 17 February 2014.
89. "Bomb Blast At Amex Office In Lyons". New Straits Times. 27 April 1986. Retrieved 13 February 2014.
90. Bernstein, Richard (16 September 1986). "BOMB RIPS OFFICE AT HEADQUARTERS OF POLICE IN PARIS". The New York times. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
91. "Group Takes Blame For Bombing In Paris". Kentucky New Era. 9 September 1986. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
92. Bernstein, Richard (18 September 1986). "5 DEAD, 50 HURT AS BOMB IS HURLED ON A PARIS STREET". The New York times. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
93. "Car Explosion Kills Four in French Port". The New York Times. Reuters. 18 October 1986. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
94. Staff writers (18 November 1986). "Renault Chief Is Slain In Paris Street". The Montreal Gazette. Reuters. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
95. Staff writers (14 July 1983). "Turkish Diplomat Murdered In Belgium". Gainesville Sun. Associated Press. Retrieved 13 February 2014.
96. Staff writers (29 July 1983). "Strage di Via Pipitone Federico". Eco online. Associated Press. Retrieved 13 February 2014.
97. "Chronologie des faits attribués aux tueurs du Brabant (p. 21-22)" (PDF). Chambre des Représentants de Belgique. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
98. "Paris and Brussels Hit By Bomb Blasts". The New York Times. 9 October 1985. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
99. "Bomb kills 1 in Belgium". Star-News. 1 May 1985. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
100. Miller, Judith (24 November 1985). "BELGIUM IS SHAKEN BY BOMBS AND 'CRAZY KILLERS'". The New York times. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
101. Fraser, John (11 November 1985). "Belgium steps up security as eight die in shop raid". The Glasgow Herald. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
102. Barder, Liz (5 December 1985). "Terrorism Spreads To Belgium". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
103. "BOMB BLAST IN BELGIUM KILLS ONE". The New York Times. Associated Press. 7 December 1985. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
104. "Bombs injure 27 in Copenhagen". The Palm Beach Post. Associated Press. 23 July 1985. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
105. "25 REPORTED DEAD AS EXPLOSIONS RIP A TRAIN IN A TUNNEL IN ITALY". The New York Times. Associated Press. 23 December 1984. Retrieved 8 February 2014.
106. "ITALY BLAMES TERRORISTS FOR TRAIN BLAST". The New York Times. Associated Press. 25 December 1984. Retrieved 8 February 2014.
107. Staff writers (14 January 1985). "Libyan Diplomat Killed, May Have Shot Attacker". Observer-Reporter. Associated Press. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
108. Dionne, E. J. (3 April 1985). "SICILY CAR BOMB KILLS 3; JUDGE IS HURT". The New York Times. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
109. Staff writers (25 September 1985). "Bomb Damages British Airways Office In Rome". Gadsden Times. Associated Press. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
110. Staff writers (13 April 1986). "Bloody Terror". The Pittsburgh Press. Associated Press. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
111. "Terrorists raid two Europe airports". The Pittsburgh Press. Associated Press. 27 December 1985. Retrieved 6 February 2014.
112. "Terrorist Attack at Vienna Airport in 1985". EUscreen. ORF Austrian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 6 February 2014.
113. Suro, Roberto (15 April 1988). "5 Die in Blast Outside U.S.O. in Naples". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 February 2014.
114. Raines, Howell (2 May 1988). "3 British Servicemen Are Killed In I.R.A. Attacks in Netherlands". New York Times.
115. Staff writers (29 June 1988). "Us Naval Officer Killed In Greece By Remote-control Car-bomb Blast". Schenectady Gazette. United Press International. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
116. Staff writer (August 8, 1988). "A Smoking Gun Points at Libya". World Notes TERRORISM. TIME magazine. Retrieved 2006-05-05.
117. Staff writer (17 November 1992). "Germans Arrest Palestinian In 1988 Cruise Ship Attack". New York Times. Retrieved 2006-05-05.
118. Staff writers (12 July 1988). "Cruise-ship terrorists leave 11 dead, 98 hurt". Reading Eagle. Associated Press. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
119. "Bombs In France Target Foreigners". The Bryan Times. 19 December 1988. Retrieved 17 February 2014.
120. "Bomb Explosions Kill 1, Injure Dozen". Rome News-Tribune. 19 December 1988. Retrieved 17 February 2014.
121. Staff writers (27 September 1989). "Greek Party Spokesman Shot, Killed". Eugene Register-Guard. Associated Press. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
122. "Uno Bianca, al Pilastro il ricordo dell' eccidio". la Repubblica (Bologna) (in Italian). 4 January 2007. Retrieved 10 February 2014.
123. "Pilastro, indagini e liti fra polizia e carabinieri". Corriere della Sera (in Italian). 24 June 1992. Retrieved 10 February 2014.
124. "7 People Killed in Terrorist Bombing in Greece". The New York Times. 20 April 1991. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
125. "Bomb Blast Kills 7 At Air Courier Office". Observer-Reporter. Associated Press. 19 April 1991. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
126. "Terrorist Bomb Meant For British Consulate". The Prescott Courier. Associated Press. 28 April 1991. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
127. "Bombedrabet i Søllerødgade" (in Danish). modkraft.dk. Retrieved 10 February 2014.
128. James Kristoffer Miles; Astrid Søndberg (26 February 2012). "Blev Henrik dræbt af racister?". BT Newspaper. Retrieved 10 February 2014.
129. Hooper, John (14 October 2004). "Sicilian mafia killer's days out of jail provoke fury". The Guardian. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
130. "Minister Escapes Assassination Try". Toledo Blade. 15 July 1992. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
131. Cowell, Alan (20 July 1992). "Bomb Kills Anti-Mafia Official and 5 Others in Sicily". The New York Times. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
132. Letizia, Marco. "Borsellino, 10 anni fa la strage di via D'Amelio". Il Corriere della Sera (in Italian). RCS. Retrieved 23 May 2012.
133. Borsellino, Salvatore (27 September 2010). "Le domande che non-avrei voluto fare". Il Fatto Quotidiano (in Italian). Retrieved 23 May 2012.
134. Cowell, Alan (28 May 1993). "Bomb Outside Uffizi in Florence Kills 6 and Damages Many Works". The New York times. Retrieved 8 February 2014.
135. Cowell, Alan (28 July 1993). "Bomb Attacks Kill 5 In Milan and Strike 2 Churches in Rome". The New York Times. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
136. "24 Guilty in Bombings That Killed 10 in Italy". The New York Times. 7 June 1998. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
137. "Former Greek Banker Killed By Gunfire". The Milwaukee Journal. 25 January 1994. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
138. Staff writers (6 October 1994). "Four Dead, Six Hurt In Paris Pre-dawn Shoot-out". New Straits Times. Reuters. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
139. Cowell, Alan (21 February 1995). "Attack on Austrian Gypsies Deepens Fear of Neo-Nazis". The New York Times. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
140. Riding, Alan (1 November 2002). "French Court Sentences 2 for Role in 1995 Bombings That Killed 8". New York times. Retrieved 6 February 2014.
141. "Algerians get life for Paris bombings". BBC News. 30 October 2002. Retrieved 6 February 2014.
142. Whitney, Craig (4 December 1996). "2 Die as Terrorist Bomb Rips Train at a Paris Station". The New York Times. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
143. Staff writers (3 December 1996). "Subway Bomb In Paris Kills Two". Lodi News-Sentinel. Associated Press. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
144. "Europe and Eurasia Overview". Patterns of Global Terrorism: 1997. United States Department of State. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
145. John Lloyd (1 April 2002). "Enter the Red Brigades, the new moral opposition". New Statesman. Retrieved 12 September 2013.
146. Stanley, Alessandra (18 November 1999). "Huge March In Athens Protests Visit By Clinton". The New York Times. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
147. "French McDonald's Bombed; Breton Terrorists Suspected". The New York Times. 20 April 2000. Retrieved 10 February 2014.
148. "British diplomat shot dead in Athens". BBC News. 8 June 2000. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
149. Stanley, Alessandra (9 June 2000). "British Attache Is Assassinated On Greek Street". The New York Times. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
150. Anast, Alan (12 August 2002). "I killed diplomat, says Greek terrorist". The Telegraph. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
151. Lyall, Sarah (16 October 2002). "Teenager Held In Bombing That Killed 7 At Finnish Mall". The New York Times. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
152. Combs, Cindy C.; Slann, Martin (2007). Encyclopedia of Terrorism. Facts on File Library of World History (Revised ed.). Facts on File. p. 181. ISBN 9780816062775.
153. El Mundo (Spanish)
154. https://www.stratfor.com/analysis/france-baffling-bombing-paris
155. "Deadly parcel bomb explodes in Paris legal office". Agence France-Presse. 6 December 2007. Retrieved 10 February 2014.
156. Simons, Marlise (1 May 2009). "Driver Dies After Aiming Car at Dutch Royals". The New York times. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
157. "Gunmen kill Greek anti-terrorist policeman". Reuters. June 17, 2009. Retrieved June 17, 2009.
158. "Athens bomb kills Afghan boy and injures two". BBC News. 29 March 2010. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
159. Kitsantonis, Niki (24 June 2010). "Greece: Bomb Kills Cabinet Minister's Assistant". The New York times. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
160. "Greek police suspect far-left in Greek journalist's killing". Agence France-Presse. 19 July 2010. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
161. "Frankfurt airport gunman jailed for life". BBC News. 10 February 2012. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
162. "Norway Attacks". BBC News. 29 October 2016. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
163. "Deux parachutistes abattus en pleine rue à Montauban (in French)". Le Figaro (in French). 16 March 2012. Retrieved 19 March 2012.
164. Abéla, Frédéric; François, Jean-Pierre (17 March 2012). "Montauban-Toulouse. Trois exécutions, une même arme". La Depeche (in French). Retrieved 19 March 2012.
165. "Toulouse school dead flown to Jerusalem for burial". BBC News. 20 March 2012.
166. Isabel Kershner (21 March 2012). "Toulouse Victims Buried in Israel". The New York Times.
167. "'Looking to Kill:' 4 Slain at French Jewish School". ABC News. Associated Press. 19 March 2012. Retrieved 23 March 2012.
168. "Bomb kills girl outside school in Brindisi, Italy". BBC News. 19 May 2012. Retrieved 20 May 2012.
169. Barak Ravid; Zohar Blumenkrantz; Natasha Mozgovaya. "7 reported killed in terror attack against Israelis in Bulgaria". Haaretz. Retrieved 20 July 2012.
170. "Israel blames Iran for deadly attack on bus of Israeli youth visiting Bulgaria". New York Daily. Retrieved 20 July 2012.
171. "New evidence on Hezbollah Burgas". Archived from the original on 2013-07-13. Retrieved 2013-06-21.
172. "Vierde slachtoffer aanslag Joods museum overleden". De Morgen. 6 June 2014. Retrieved 6 June 2014.
173. "La tuerie du Musée juif de Bruxelles qualifiée d'acte " terroriste "" [Killings at the Belgian Jewish museum treated as "terrorism"]. Le Monde. 26 May 2014.
174. Sabina Zawadzki & Ole Mikkelsen (14 February 2015). "Man dies in shooting at Danish meeting with artist who drew Mohammad". Reuters.
175. "Man who drove car at troops not linked to terrorist group: French prosecutor". Reuters. 2 January 2016. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
176. Richard Osley (5 December 2015). "Leytonstone stabbing treated as terror incident after attacker 'shouts this is for Syria'". The Independent.
177. "Hannover: 15-jährige Messerstecherin hatte Kontakt zum "Islamischen Staat"". Spiegel Online. 19 March 2016. Retrieved 23 July 2016.
178. "Man who drove car at troops not linked to terrorist group: French prosecutor". Independent.co.uk. Retrieved 20 July 2016.
179. "Polizei spricht von Terror der islamistischen Szene". Die Zeit. 21 April 2016. Retrieved 25 July 2016.
180. "Two police officers attacked by man with machete in Charleroi". VRT. 6 August 2016. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
181. "Muslim extremist stabs two police in the metro". FlandersNews.be. Retrieved 1 October 2016.
182. "Hungary launches major security operation after bomb attack in Budapest injures two police officers". The Telegraph. Retrieved 1 October 2016.
183. di Stefania Arpaia (20 September 2016). "Albanese aggredisce carabinieri: "Sono dell'Isis state attenti"". Pupia.tv. Retrieved 27 September 2016.
184. "Mutmaßliche IS-Anhängerin greift Polizisten in Mülheim an". RP Online. 31 October 2016. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
185. Staff writers (19 February 1969). "Israeli Airliner Attacked In Zurich". Palm Beach Daily News. United Press International. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
186. Smith, William E. June 24, 2001. Terror Aboard Flight 847. TIME Magazine. Retrieved: 24 November 2012.
187. TWA Pilot's Wife Says Her Husband is a Hero With PM-Plane-Bomb Bjt
188. "Court Awards US Victims More Than $6 Billion for 1989 Libyan Terrorist Bombing of French Airliner That Killed 170 People Over African Desert." PR Newswire. 15 January 2008. Retrieved on 3 June 2009.

Bibliography

• Barry M. Rubin; Judith Colp Rubin (2008). Chronologies of Modern Terrorism. M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 9780765622068.

External links

• European Counter Terrorism Centre - Europol
• List of most wanted fugitives in Europe - Europol