Parkinsonism

Parkinsonism
Classification and external resources
Specialty neurology
ICD-10 G20-G21
ICD-9-CM 332
DiseasesDB 24212
MedlinePlus 000759
MeSH D020734

Parkinsonism is a clinical syndrome characterized by tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability.[1][2] Parkinsonism shares symptoms found in Parkinson's disease, from which it is named; but parkinsonism is a symptom complex, and differs from Parkinson's disease which is a progressive neurodegenerative illness. The underlying causes of parkinsonism are numerous, and diagnosis can be complex.[3][4] The neurodegenerative condition Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common cause of parkinsonism. However, a wide range of other etiologies may lead to a similar set of symptoms, including some toxins, a few metabolic diseases, and a handful of neurological conditions other than Parkinson's.[5]

About 7% of people with parkinsonism have developed their symptoms following treatment with particular medications. Side effect of medications, mainly neuroleptic antipsychotics especially the phenothiazines (such as perphenazine and chlorpromazine), thioxanthenes (such as flupenthixol and zuclopenthixol) and butyrophenones (such as haloperidol), piperazines (such as ziprasidone), and rarely, antidepressants. The incidence of drug-induced parkinsonism increases with age. Drug-induced parkinsonism tends to remain at its presenting level, not progress like Parkinson's disease.[6]

Differential diagnoses

Differentiating some kinds of atypical Parkinson: Northwest Parkinson Foundation

Before Parkinson's disease is diagnosed, the differential diagnoses include:

References

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  6. http://www.parkinsons.org.uk/PDF/FS38_druginducedparkinsonism.pdf
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  11. {{journal |author=Fabrizi, Monaco, Dalla Libera |title=Parkinsonian syndrome following MDMA (Ecstasy) addiction |journal=MOVEMENT DISORDERS |volume=19 |pages=S73-S74 |year=2004 |
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  17. Tremor/InvoluntaryMovements: Excerpt from Field Guide to Bedside Diagnosis
  18. Weiss J. Chapter 151. Toluene and Xylene. In: Olson KR, ed. Poisoning & Drug Overdose. 6th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2012. http://www.accessmedicine.com/content.aspx?aID=55982958. Accessed April 21, 2013.
  19. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ana.410350516/abstract
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  21. http://parkinsonsdiseasefoundation.blogspot.com/2012/08/vascular-parkinsonism.html
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  24. Lorincz MT (January 2010). "Neurologic Wilson's disease". Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1184: 173–87. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05109.x. PMID 20146697.
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