Phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate

Chemical structure of sn-1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl phosphatidylinositol (3,4)-bisphosphate

Phosphatidylinositol (3,4)-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4)P₂) is a minor phospholipid component of cell membranes, yet an important second messenger. The generation of PtdIns(3,4)P₂ at the plasma membrane activates a number of important cell signaling pathways.^[1]

PtdIns(3,4)P₂ is dephophosphorylated by the phosphatase INPP4B on the 4 position of the inositol ring and by the TPTE (transmembrane phosphatases with tensin homology) family of phosphatases on the 3 position of the inositol ring.

The PH domain in a number of proteins binds to PtdIns(3,4)P₂ including the PH domain in PKB. The generation of PtdIns(3,4)P₂ at the plasma membrane upon the activation of class I PI 3-kinases and SHIP phosphatases causes these proteins to translocate to the plasma membrane, thereby affecting their activity.

References

↑ Dimitrios Karathanassis, Robert V. Stahelin, Jerónimo Bravo, Olga Perisic, Christine M Pacold, Wonhwa Cho and Roger L Williams (2002). "Binding of the PX domain of p47phox to phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate and phosphatidic acid is masked by an intramolecular interaction". EMBO Journal. 21 (19): 5057–5068. doi:10.1093/emboj/cdf519. PMC 129041. PMID 12356722.

Lipids: phospholipids

Glycerol backbone
(Glycerophospholipids/
Phosphoglycerides)

Phosphatidyl-:	-ethanolamine/cephalin (PE) -choline/lecithin (PC) -serine (PS) -glycerol (PG) -inositol (PI) glyco- (GPI)

Phosphoinositides:	PIP PI(3)P PI(4)P PI(5)P PIP₂ (PI(3,4)P₂ PI(3,5)P₂ PI(4,5)P₂ PIP₃

Ether lipids:	Plasmalogen Platelet-activating factor

Cardiolipin

Sphingosine backbone

Sphingomyelin

Metabolites

Inositol phosphate Inositol

Lysophosphatidic acid

Choline Phosphocholine Citicoline

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