Sukma Games

For Malaysia at the worldwide Olympic Games, see Malaysia at the Olympics.

The Sukma Games is a sporting event in Malaysia, held once every two years. Sukma is an acronym for Sukan Malaysia; literally Malaysian Games, in other words this event is often viewed as a high-end national level competition and is usually referred to as the "Malaysian Olympics". The first Games was held in 1986 in Kuala Lumpur. The games have been held biannually from 1986 to 2010, annually from 2010 to 2014 and again bianually from 2014 onwards. Participants of the event are picked from a competitive pool of possible strong elite athletes for each respective state and are usually extremely proficient and skilled in their own respective disciplines.[1]

The Sukma Games is the largest and prestige national-level tournament in Malaysia. The tournament is held at every alternate year with Southeast Asian Games to explore new talents of the athletes highly potential to represent the nation at international sporting events.

The games rose from the proposal of the then Minister of Culture, Youth and Sports, Anwar Ibrahim in 1983. At first, the proposal consisted of sports such as tennis, table tennis, cycling, athletics and volleyball, but due to popularity and fame, the sports and number of events increased.[2]

The Sukma Games concept is initiated to shape a united multi-racial society across the nation. The games fulfilled the Malaysia corporation concept where the government, sporting bodies, National Sports Council and non-governmental organizations are involved in managing its sponsorship.

Participating teams

The Participating teams are mainly states and federal territories within Malaysia. Some national organisations and foreign affiliates have been invited to a few Sukma Games. Eventually, as time passes all invitational teams except Brunei have been ceased to participate in any Sukma Games followed by individual Federal Territories of Malaysia in which the latter had been merged into a single team starts 2006. Participating Contingent with their respective Sukma Games Code are as below.

Notes:

  1. ^ Kuala Lumpur, Labuan and Putrajaya participated as a combined Federal Territory contingent since 2006. Given Putrajaya's small area and population, the Putrajaya contingent was never formed throughout Sukma Games history.
  2. ^ No longer participated in the games, as of 2014 edition (historical team)
  3. ^ Not from within Malaysia.

Sports

The list below shows the sports that are played at all the Sukma Games since 1986.

Core sports

Optional sports

All-time medal table

Below shows the all time medal table of Sukma Games from 1986 to 2016. Defunct teams are highlighted in italics.

Rank Contingents No. Games Gold Silver Bronze Total
1  Selangor 18 753 719 820 2292
2  Sarawak 18 668 612 645 1925
3  Perak 18 406 417 560 1383
4  Pahang 18 384 371 408 1163
5  Penang 18 383 395 520 1298
6  Terengganu 18 382 287 324 993
7  Johor 18 324 339 469 1132
8  Sabah 18 278 339 442 1059
9  Kuala Lumpur 10 274 276 279 829
10  Kedah 18 254 232 345 831
11  Federal Territory 8 251 278 339 868
12  Negeri Sembilan 18 228 224 303 755
13  Malacca 18 192 193 260 645
14  Kelantan 18 136 143 180 459
15  Perlis 18 55 64 140 259
16 Royal Malaysian Police 11 31 36 45 112
17 Malaysia MASUM 9 17 17 15 49
18 Malaysian Armed Forces 5 12 27 39 78
19  Brunei 11 5 14 30 49
20  Labuan 5 2 2 10 14
21 Malaysia MSSM 4 2 2 9 13
22  Northern Territory 1 1 0 1 2
Total 18 5038 4987 6183 16208

Medal table by edition

  Host state

1986

1986 Sukma Games (SUKMA I)
# Team Gold Silver Bronze Total
1 Malaysia Kuala Lumpur 36 32 22 90
2 Selangor Selangor 23 14 14 51
3 Sarawak Sarawak 13 8 14 35
4 Perak Perak 10 15 17 42
5 Penang Penang 9 20 21 50
6 Sabah Sabah 9 8 8 25
7 Royal Malaysian Police 9 4 7 20
8 Johor Johor 6 5 6 17
9 Kedah Kedah 5 5 11 21
10 Malaysian Armed Forces 2 8 11 21
11 Malacca Malacca 2 1 5 8
12 Terengganu Terengganu 2 1 4 7
13 Pahang Pahang 1 4 6 11
14 Negeri Sembilan Negeri Sembilan 0 1 4 5
15 Kelantan Kelantan 0 1 1 2
16 Perlis Perlis 0 0 1 1
17 Malaysia MASUM 0 0 0 0
Total 127 127 152 406

1988

1988 Sukma Games (SUKMA II)
# Team Gold Silver Bronze Total
1 Selangor Selangor 26 17 29 72
2 Sarawak Sarawak 24 18 15 57
3 Penang Penang 19 14 15 48
4 Malaysia Kuala Lumpur 12 12 22 46
5 Negeri Sembilan Negeri Sembilan 10 6 5 21
6 Johor Johor 9 3 9 21
7 Kedah Kedah 6 6 8 20
8 Royal Malaysian Police 6 3 5 14
9 Malacca Malacca 5 7 4 16
10 Sabah Sabah 4 12 8 24
11 Malaysia MASUM 4 4 8 16
12 Perak Perak 3 20 21 44
13 Terengganu Terengganu 2 2 4 8
14 Kelantan Kelantan 1 3 7 11
15 Pahang Pahang 1 1 5 7
16 Perlis Perlis 1 0 5 6
17 Malaysian Armed Forces 0 1 1 2
Total 133 129 171 433

1990

1990 Sukma Games (SUKMA III)
# Team Gold Silver Bronze Total
1 Sarawak Sarawak 44 17 18 79
2 Kuala Lumpur Kuala Lumpur 19 20 18 57
3 Penang Penang 17 22 24 63
4 Perak Perak 12 16 22 50
5 Selangor Selangor 11 18 34 63
6 Negeri Sembilan Negeri Sembilan 7 4 4 15
7 Sabah Sabah 5 4 10 19
8 Malacca Malacca 4 6 6 16
9 Royal Malaysian Police 4 4 2 10
Terengganu Terengganu 4 4 2 10
11 Kedah Kedah 2 7 6 15
12 Johor Johor 2 5 12 19
13 Kelantan Kelantan 2 2 3 7
14 Perlis Perlis 1 0 7 8
15 Pahang Pahang 0 2 5 7
16 Malaysia MASUM 0 2 1 3
17 Malaysian Armed Forces 0 1 2 3
Total 134 134 176 444

1992

1992 Sukma Games (SUKMA IV)
# Team Gold Silver Bronze Total
1 Sarawak Sarawak 36 27 26 89
2 Johor Johor 26 21 22 69
3 Selangor Selangor 23 25 41 89
4 Penang Penang 22 28 22 72
5 Kuala Lumpur Kuala Lumpur 22 23 32 77
6 Perak Perak 18 10 21 49
7 Sabah Sabah 9 16 13 38
8 Malacca Malacca 7 6 12 25
9 Kedah Kedah 6 7 8 21
10 Negeri Sembilan Negeri Sembilan 6 5 3 14
11 Malaysian Armed Forces 5 5 18 28
12 Pahang Pahang 5 5 8 18
13 Malaysia MASUM 4 5 2 11
14 Kelantan Kelantan 3 9 12 24
15 Terengganu Terengganu 3 4 10 17
16 Royal Malaysian Police 2 1 5 8
17 Perlis Perlis 2 0 0 2
Total 199 197 255 651

1994

1994 Sukma Games (SUKMA V)
# Team Gold Silver Bronze Total
1 Sarawak Sarawak 39 28 30 97
2 Kuala Lumpur Kuala Lumpur 31 39 26 96
3 Selangor Selangor 28 41 33 102
4 Perak Perak 26 26 25 77
5 Pahang Pahang 21 16 20 57
6 Sabah Sabah 19 14 14 47
7 Johor Johor 17 13 22 52
8 Penang Penang 13 12 24 49
9 Kedah Kedah 8 5 20 33
10 Kelantan Kelantan 6 6 10 22
11 Malaysian Armed Forces 5 12 7 24
12 Terengganu Terengganu 5 3 7 15
13 Negeri Sembilan Negeri Sembilan 4 2 4 10
14 Malacca Malacca 4 1 10 15
15 Royal Malaysian Police 3 8 2 13
16 Perlis Perlis 1 0 8 9
17 Malaysia MASUM 0 2 1 3
Total 230 228 263 721

1996

1996 Sukma Games (SUKMA VI)
# Team Gold Silver Bronze Total
1 Selangor Selangor 57 43 44 144
2 Sarawak Sarawak 56 49 52 157
3 Pahang Pahang 37 42 44 123
4 Kuala Lumpur Kuala Lumpur 34 27 32 93
5 Perak Perak 22 25 28 75
6 Sabah Sabah 20 19 22 61
7 Terengganu Terengganu 8 16 15 39
8 Kelantan Kelantan 8 11 11 30
9 Kedah Kedah 8 6 18 32
10 Negeri Sembilan Negeri Sembilan 6 4 10 20
11 Penang Penang 5 10 10 25
12 Malacca Malacca 5 9 11 25
13 Malaysia MASUM 4 0 0 4
14 Johor Johor 2 7 17 26
15 Perlis Perlis 2 2 4 8
16 Royal Malaysian Police 1 3 8 12
17 Brunei Brunei 1 1 0 2
18 Malaysia MSSM 1 0 2 3
19 Labuan Labuan 0 0 0 0
Total 277 274 328 879

1998

1998 Sukma Games (SUKMA VII)
# Team Gold Silver Bronze Total 4th Pts
1 Selangor Selangor 80 61 41 182 51 811
2 Sarawak Sarawak 46 45 41 132 26 523
3 Perak Perak 25 25 37 87 19 322
4 Kuala Lumpur Kuala Lumpur 23 25 26 74 23 297
5 Pahang Pahang 21 29 36 86 13 290
6 Penang Penang 12 5 23 40 10 150
7 Terengganu Terengganu 11 14 15 40 15 158
8 Sabah Sabah 11 10 12 33 12 125
9 Kelantan Kelantan 11 9 10 30 12 126
10 Kedah Kedah 8 13 15 36 8 123
11 Johor Johor 7 7 16 30 12 109
12 Negeri Sembilan Negeri Sembilan 4 8 13 25 11 95
13 Malacca Malacca 4 8 11 23 6 78
14 Perlis Perlis 1 2 3 6 0 19
15 Malaysia MSSM 0 0 2 2 0 4
Labuan Labuan 0 0 2 2 0 4
Total 264 261 303 828 218 3234

2000

2000 Sukma Games (SUKMA VIII)
# Team Gold Silver Bronze Total 4th Pts
1 Selangor Selangor 53 56 54 163 46 673
2 Sarawak Sarawak 49 55 56 160 48 649
3 Perak Perak 46 37 40 123 32 521
4 Penang Penang 34 26 36 96 25 403
5 Kuala Lumpur Kuala Lumpur 33 32 30 95 17 373
6 Pahang Pahang 27 26 35 88 25 330
7 Johor Johor 20 17 31 68 8 240
8 Kedah Kedah 17 15 21 53 17 204
9 Sabah Sabah 12 11 18 41 18 163
10 Negeri Sembilan Negeri Sembilan 12 10 13 35 6 131
11 Kelantan Kelantan 8 12 15 35 12 137
12 Malacca Malacca 7 10 14 31 5 103
13 Terengganu Terengganu 6 4 8 18 3 68
14 Perlis Perlis 4 5 5 14 1 49
15 Malaysia MASUM 3 3 2 8 1 29
16 Malaysia MSSM 1 1 3 5 1 16
17 Brunei Brunei 0 1 3 4 0 9
Royal Malaysian Police 0 1 3 4 0 9
19 Labuan Labuan 0 0 0 0 1 1
Total 332 322 387 1041 266 4109

2002

2002 Sukma Games (SUKMA IX)
# Team Gold Silver Bronze Total 4th Pts
1 Selangor Selangor 55 40 60 155 47 655
2 Perak Perak 49 38 42 129 18 526
3 Sarawak Sarawak 35 47 60 142 43 537
4 Kuala Lumpur Kuala Lumpur 31 37 29 97 13 373
5 Sabah Sabah 28 38 46 112 32 419
6 Penang Penang 28 38 33 99 21 388
7 Johor Johor 28 18 42 88 19 339
8 Pahang Pahang 24 27 26 77 12 299
9 Kedah Kedah 17 15 17 49 14 188
10 Negeri Sembilan Negeri Sembilan 17 12 12 41 4 158
11 Malacca Malacca 15 11 17 43 7 157
12 Kelantan Kelantan 6 9 17 32 10 111
13 Perlis Perlis 3 3 7 13 2 44
14 Terengganu Terengganu 3 3 5 11 0 38
15 Labuan Labuan 2 1 3 6 0 20
16 Royal Malaysian Police 2 1 2 5 3 20
17 Malaysia MASUM 2 1 1 4 2 17
18 Brunei Brunei 1 1 3 5 2 0
19 Northern Territory Northern Territory 1 0 1 2 1 0
20 Malaysia MSSM 0 1 2 3 5 17
Total 347 341 425 1113 254 4306

2004

2004 Sukma Games (SUKMA X)
# Team Gold Silver Bronze Total 4th Pts
1 Selangor Selangor 56 58 52 166 35 684
2 Sarawak Sarawak 53 56 44 153 44 616
3 Perak Perak 47 35 50 132 32 516
4 Penang Penang 36 35 61 132 33 499
5 Kuala Lumpur Kuala Lumpur 33 29 42 104 20 412
6 Johor Johor 27 31 29 87 19 344
7 Pahang Pahang 27 17 35 79 16 304
8 Malacca Malacca 24 16 25 65 10 242
9 Sabah Sabah 21 28 37 86 19 315
10 Negeri Sembilan Negeri Sembilan 20 18 23 61 7 233
11 Kedah Kedah 13 19 21 53 15 189
12 Terengganu Terengganu 6 9 15 30 0 90
13 Kelantan Kelantan 4 7 10 21 9 80
14 Royal Malaysian Police 2 2 4 8 3 27
15 Brunei Brunei 1 5 5 11 1 0
16 Perlis Perlis 0 2 6 8 3 22
17 Labuan Labuan 0 1 5 6 0 14
Total 370 368 464 1202 266 4587

2006

2006 Sukma Games (SUKMA XI)
# Team Gold Silver Bronze Total 4th Pts
1 Selangor Selangor 53 44 56 153 41 629
2 Pahang Pahang 39 36 32 107 19 426
3 Perak Perak 37 25 33 95 28 415
4 Sarawak Sarawak 36 42 55 133 39 507
5 Penang Penang 36 40 52 128 35 480
6 Kedah Kedah 30 34 37 101 39 407
7 Sabah Sabah 26 26 29 81 19 318
8 Federal Territory (Malaysia) Federal Territory 25 31 35 91 27 369
9 Kelantan Kelantan 21 13 8 42 4 165
10 Negeri Sembilan Negeri Sembilan 20 16 25 61 12 234
11 Johor Johor 19 18 28 65 11 255
12 Terengganu Terengganu 15 16 18 49 2 181
13 Malacca Malacca 11 15 13 39 11 143
14 Royal Malaysian Police 2 9 7 18 5 63
15 Brunei Brunei 0 3 5 8 3 0
16 Perlis Perlis 0 0 6 6 5 19
Total 370 368 439 1177 300 4611

2008

2008 Sukma Games (SUKMA XII)
# Team Gold Silver Bronze Total
1 Terengganu Terengganu 61 39 47 147
2 Selangor Selangor 54 47 51 152
3 Sarawak Sarawak 52 52 42 146
4 Pahang Pahang 31 29 24 84
5 Federal Territory (Malaysia) Federal Territory 29 38 58 125
6 Perak Perak 29 27 39 95
7 Kedah Kedah 29 27 37 93
8 Penang Penang 27 31 47 105
9 Johor Johor 27 31 40 98
10 Malacca Malacca 23 22 27 72
11 Sabah Sabah 21 20 31 72
12 Negeri Sembilan Negeri Sembilan 11 21 35 67
13 Kelantan Kelantan 8 9 18 35
14 Perlis Perlis 4 6 8 18
15 Brunei Brunei 0 2 0 2
Total 406 401 504 1311

2010

2010 Sukma Games (SUKMA XIII)
# Team Gold Silver Bronze Total
1 Terengganu Terengganu 47 30 43 120
2 Selangor Selangor 43 43 58 144
3 Federal Territory (Malaysia) Federal Territory 43 42 49 134
4 Johor Johor 40 39 53 132
5 Kedah Kedah 39 19 31 89
6 Sarawak Sarawak 33 49 47 129
7 Malacca Malacca 32 31 28 91
8 Pahang Pahang 32 29 28 89
9 Negeri Sembilan Negeri Sembilan 30 26 41 97
10 Penang Penang 29 34 39 102
11 Perak Perak 26 32 47 105
12 Sabah Sabah 22 33 40 95
13 Kelantan Kelantan 14 12 19 45
14 Perlis Perlis 6 13 11 30
15 Brunei Brunei 1 0 7 8
Total 437 432 541 1410

2011

2011 Sukma Games (SUKMA XIV)
# Team Gold Silver Bronze Total
1 Terengganu Terengganu 30 8 12 50
2 Selangor Selangor 26 18 28 72
3 Johor Johor 21 20 12 53
4 Negeri Sembilan Negeri Sembilan 16 11 19 46
5 Federal Territory (Malaysia) Federal Territory 7 24 33 64
6 Penang Penang 6 10 12 28
7 Perlis Perlis 5 6 8 19
8 Sabah Sabah 4 5 13 22
9 Malacca Malacca 4 3 6 13
10 Kedah Kedah 4 2 11 17
11 Kelantan Kelantan 3 2 1 6
12 Sarawak Sarawak 2 4 8 14
13 Pahang Pahang 1 11 7 19
14 Perak Perak 0 5 17 22
Total 129 129 187 445

2012

2012 Sukma Games (SUKMA XV)
# Team Gold Silver Bronze Total
1 Terengganu Terengganu 62 24 31 117
2 Selangor Selangor 47 54 60 161
3 Pahang Pahang 45 40 38 123
4 Sarawak Sarawak 42 32 38 112
5 Federal Territory (Malaysia) Federal Territory 37 41 45 123
6 Penang Penang 32 18 21 71
7 Kedah Kedah 23 20 22 65
8 Johor Johor 19 39 34 92
9 Sabah Sabah 17 21 52 90
10 Negeri Sembilan Negeri Sembilan 17 29 23 69
11 Perak Perak 14 26 38 78
12 Kelantan Kelantan 13 10 16 39
13 Malacca Malacca 7 19 18 44
14 Perlis Perlis 4 5 12 21
15 Brunei Brunei 0 0 4 4
Total 379 378 452 1209

2013

2013 Sukma Games (SUKMA XVI)
# Team Gold Silver Bronze Total
1 Selangor Selangor 23 17 30 70
2 Terengganu Terengganu 19 13 13 45
3 Federal Territory (Malaysia) Federal Territory 15 20 27 62
4 Johor Johor 12 8 25 45
5 Negeri Sembilan Negeri Sembilan 11 13 15 39
6 Kedah Kedah 10 5 16 31
7 Penang Penang 8 19 21 48
8 Pahang Pahang 8 5 6 19
9 Perak Perak 6 5 13 24
10 Kelantan Kelantan 6 2 3 11
11 Sarawak Sarawak 4 9 5 18
12 Sabah Sabah 4 6 8 18
13 Malacca Malacca 4 5 8 17
14 Perlis Perlis 0 3 4 7
Total 130 130 194 454

2014

2014 Sukma Games (SUKMA XVII)
# Team Gold Silver Bronze Total
1 Federal Territory (Malaysia) Federal Territory 55 38 50 143
2 Terengganu Terengganu 51 55 31 137
3 Sarawak Sarawak 47 31 35 113
4 Selangor Selangor 36 50 71 157
5 Pahang Pahang 34 27 32 93
6 Perak Perak 24 24 36 84
7 Penang Penang 24 21 30 75
8 Johor Johor 23 32 40 95
9 Sabah Sabah 21 31 44 96
10 Negeri Sembilan Negeri Sembilan 18 26 24 68
11 Malacca Malacca 16 12 17 45
12 Kedah Kedah 15 17 23 55
13 Kelantan Kelantan 12 14 6 32
14 Perlis Perlis 12 10 30 52
15 Brunei Brunei 1 0 0 1
Total 389 388 469 1246

2016

2016 Sukma Games (SUKMA XVIII)
# Team Gold Silver Bronze Total
1 Selangor Selangor 59 73 64 196
2 Sarawak Sarawak 57 43 59 159
3 Terengganu Terengganu 47 42 44 133
4 Federal Territory (Malaysia) Federal Territory 40 44 42 126
5 Pahang Pahang 30 25 21 76
6 Penang Penang 26 12 29 67
7 Sabah Sabah 25 37 37 99
8 Johor Johor 19 25 31 75
9 Negeri Sembilan Negeri Sembilan 19 12 30 61
10 Malacca Malacca 18 11 28 57
11 Kedah Kedah 14 10 23 47
12 Perak Perak 12 26 34 72
13 Kelantan Kelantan 10 12 13 35
14 Perlis Perlis 9 7 15 31
15 Brunei Brunei 0 1 3 4
Jumlah 385 380 473 1238

Edition

I, II, XIV, XVI
III, XVIII
IV, XX
V, XIX
VI, XV
VII
Host cities of the games through 2016

All states of Malaysia have held their respective Sukma Games, except Kelantan.

EditionYearHostMain StadiumStart DateEnd DateSportsEventsContingentsCompetitorsChampion
I 1986 Kuala Lumpur Merdeka Stadium, Kuala Lumpur 19 April 26 April 15 127 17 4,552 Kuala Lumpur
II 1988 Kuala Lumpur Stadium Negara, Kuala Lumpur 12 November 19 November 26 133 17 4,995 Selangor
III 1990  Sarawak Sarawak State Stadium, Kuching 18 July 27 July 26 134 17 3,426 Sarawak
IV 1992  Johor Tan Sri Dato Haji Hassan Yunos Stadium, Johor Bahru 1 July 11 July 26 199 17 5,151 Sarawak
V 1994  Perak Perak Stadium, Ipoh 9 June 18 June 26 230 17 5,664 Sarawak
VI 1996  Pahang Darul Makmur Stadium, Kuantan 1 June 10 June 26 277 19 6,495 Selangor
VII 1998  Selangor Opening ceremony
Shah Alam Stadium
Closing ceremony
Malawati Indoor Stadium
17 April 26 April 26 264 16 5,028 Selangor
VIII 2000  Penang Batu Kawan Stadium, Batu Kawan 25 May 4 June 29 332 19 5,875 Selangor
IX 2002  Sabah Likas Stadium, Kota Kinabalu 5 September 14 September 27 347 20 5,324 Selangor
X 2004  Negeri Sembilan Tuanku Abdul Rahman Stadium, Seremban 28 May 6 June 32 370 17 Selangor
XI 2006  Kedah Darul Aman Stadium, Alor Star 24 May 4 June 31 370 16 4,882 Selangor
XII 2008  Terengganu Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin Stadium, Kuala Terengganu 31 May 9 June 31 406 15 Terengganu
XIII 2010  Malacca Hang Jebat Stadium, Paya Rumput 10 June 19 June 33 437 15 9,237 Terengganu
XIV 2011  Federal Territory KLFA Stadium, Kuala Lumpur 2 June 12 June 24 129 14 3,368 Terengganu
XV 2012  Pahang Darul Makmur Stadium, Kuantan 9 July 16 July 24 379 15 5,828 Terengganu
XVI 2013 Federal Territory (Malaysia) Federal Territory Bukit Jalil National Stadium, Kuala Lumpur 28 June 7 July 23 132 14 3,618 Selangor
XVII 2014  Perlis Tuanku Syed Putra Stadium, Kangar 24 May 4 June 24 396 15 7,815 Federal Territory
XVIII 2016  Sarawak Sarawak Stadium, Kuching23 July 31 July 24 382155,670 Selangor
XIX 2018  Perak[3] Future event
XX 2020  Johor[3] Future event

Best performing contingent

ContingentChampions Runners-up Third Fourth Fifth
 Selangor 9 (1988, 1996, 1998*, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2013, 2016) 5 (1986, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012) 2 (1992, 1994) 1 (2014) 1 (1990)
 Terengganu 4 (2008*, 2010, 2011, 2012) 2 (2013, 2014) 1 (2016)
 Sarawak 3 (1990*, 1992, 1994) 6 (1988, 1996, 1998, 2000, 2004, 2016*) 4 (1986, 2002, 2008, 2014) 2 (2006, 2012)
 Kuala Lumpur 1 (1986*) 2 (1990, 1994) 4 (1988*, 1996, 1998, 2002) 3 (1992, 2000, 2004)
 Federal Territory 1 (2014) 2 (2010, 2013*) 1 (2016) 3 (2008, 2011, 2012)
Perak Perak 1 (2002) 4 (1998, 2000, 2004, 2006) 3 (1986, 1990, 1994*) 1 (1996)
Pahang Pahang 1 (2006) 2 (1996*, 2012*) 1 (2008) 4 (1994, 1998, 2014, 2016)
Johor Johor 1 (1992*) 1 (2011) 2 (2010, 2013)
Penang Penang 2 (1988, 1990) 3 (1992, 2000*, 2004) 2 (1986, 2006)
Negeri Sembilan Negeri Sembilan 1 (2011) 2 (1988, 2013)
Sabah Sabah 1 (2002*)
Kedah Kedah 1 (2010)
* = host

List of the Sukma Games' Sportsman and Sportswoman

EditionYearSukma Games' SportsmanSukma Games' Sportswoman
NameContingentSportNameContingentSport
I 1986
II 1988
III 1990 Gerard Liew  Penang Swimming Tania Hamid Bugo  Sarawak Swimming
IV 1992 Khoo Kah Hock Malaysia MASUM Archery Magdaline Goh  Penang Swimming
Azmi Ibrahim
(Most Promising Sportsman)
 Pahang Athletics Shalin Zulkifli
(Most Promising Sportswoman)
 Selangor Bowling
V 1994 Azmi Ibrahim  Pahang Athletics Yew Chai Peng  Perak Athletics
VI 1996
VII 1998 Chai Song Lip  Sarawak Athletics
VIII 2000 Allen Ong  Perak Swimming Sia Wai Yen  Kuala Lumpur Swimming
IX 2002 Ng Shu Mun  Perak Artistic gymnastics Ngew Sin Mei  Kuala Lumpur Athletics
Petra Nabila Mustafa
(Most Promising Sportswoman)
 Negeri Sembilan Athletics
X 2004 Daniel Bego  Sarawak Swimming Cindy Ong  Perak Swimming
XI 2006 Zulkifli Che Rose  Sarawak Weightlifting Lew Yih Wey  Negeri Sembilan Swimming
XII 2008 Foo Jian Beng  Selangor Swimming Marellyn Liew  Sarawak Swimming
XIII 2010 J. Karthik  Malacca Athletics Chan Kah Yan Federal Territory (Malaysia) Federal Territory Swimming
XIV 2011 Ahmad Shafie Abd Jabar  Johor Canoeing Jupha Somnet  Perlis Cycling
XV 2012 Abdul Mubin Rahim  Terengganu Weightlifting Frenceay Titus  Sabah Weightlifting
XVI 2013 Danniel Iskandar Richard  Selangor Artistic gymnastics Esmelda Arecia Menti Alfred Geling  Sarawak Artistic gymnastics
XVII 2014 Muhammad Irfan Shamshuddin  Negeri Sembilan Athletics Jelinie Empera  Sarawak Weightlifting
XVIII 2016 Khairul Hafiz Jantan  Malacca Athletics Nur Aqilah Yusof  Terengganu Archery

Previously Adopted Systems

Fourth Place-Points System

From 1998 to 2006, Sukma Games adopted the Fourth Place-Points System to calculate the points collected by athletes for the contingent. It was also a measurement to a contingent's strength and as bonus awards to a contingent. The Sukma Games organiser, however, has a somewhat misleading practice of ranking contingent based on most points or most medals collected in the medal table and not the convention of medal table used in most multi-sports event, that is to sort by the number of gold medals the athletes from a team have earned. In the event of a tie in the number of gold medals, the number of silver medals is taken into consideration, and then the number of bronze medals. If two teams have an equal number of gold, silver, and bronze medals, they are ordered in the table alphabetically by their team name or code. On top of that, the organisers even included the fourth place and total points collected in the medal table. The system was abolished after the 2006 Sukma Games. Note that the system applied only for local contingents and not invitational contingents such as Brunei and Northern Territory.

Points are calculated based on the Number of Athletes in an event as follows.

Number Of AthletesGoldSilverBronze4th Place
Single and Duo5321
Trio and Above8532

Annual Games System

On 27 May 2010, the Cabinet Committee for Sports Development (Malay: Jawatankuasa Kabinet Pembangunan Sukan (JKPS)) has decided that it should allow the states to rotate hosting the Sukma Games every even years and the National Sports Council itself every odd year to give chance for every sports competed and help the develop the sports in all directions and 'democratise' all the sports events,[4] hence started the "annual games" system. This, however has caused some states like Sarawak to lament on its so-called bad performance when the optional sports only Sukma Games held in the odd years was competed, while in fact they excel in the core sports only Sukma Games held by the states in the even years when it was competed.[5] For example, they fell to the bottom three with only 2 Gold in the 2011 games which involved only optional sports. But in 2012 Games in Pahang which involved only core sports, they won fourth place among the states competed. By combining the results of the 2011 and 2012 games, Sarawak is fifth place overall. This shows that some states might be weak in certain sports, but they are strong in the others. Besides, the implementation of the system saw the states sports agenda fully packed, and lack of enough time to rest after a competition. Notably, Brunei did not participate in the optional sports games held in Kuala Lumpur, rather it participated only in the state held Sukma Games held in the even years as usual. The system was adopted from 2010 to 2014, and was abolished via a meeting.

See also

References

  1. (Malay) "Sukan Malaysia (SUKMA)". National Sports Council of Malaysia. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
  2. "Sukma Games". National Sports Council Malaysia. September 26, 2010. Retrieved September 26, 2015.
  3. 1 2 (Malay) "Perak, Johor tuan rumah Sukma 2018, 2020". Sinar Harian. 14 May 2015.
  4. "Sukma 2011-an Effort 'Democratising' Sports In The Country". Bernama. Retrieved September 18, 2015.
  5. "Sarawak in bottom three at Sukma XIV". The Borneo Post. June 14, 2011. Retrieved September 18, 2015.
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