Public opinion of same-sex marriage in the United States

Public opinion in the United States shows majority support for the legal recognition of same-sex marriage. This support has remained above 50% consistently in opinion polls since 2010,^[1] after having increased steadily for more than a decade.^[2][3][4][5] An August 2010 CNN poll became the first national poll to show majority support for same-sex marriage,^[6] with nearly all subsequent polls showing majority support.^[7][8] Opposition to same-sex marriage still retains a majority of support in the following: Conservatives,^[9] people who agree with the Tea Party movement,^[9] people with religious beliefs conflicting with homosexuality,^[9] people who attend religious services at least weekly,^[9] Protestants,^[9] members of the Republican Party,^[9] the Silent Generation,^[9] people living in the South Central United States (AL, AR, KY, LA, MS, OK, TN, and TX combined).^[9] and the states of Alabama,^[10] Arkansas,^[10] Mississippi,^[10] South Dakota,^[10] and Tennessee.^[10]

National polls

Post-Obergefell v. Hodges

A May 2016 Gallup poll found 61% of Americans support same-sex marriage, 37% oppose, and 2% have no opinion.^[11]

A July 2015 Quinnipiac University Poll found 53% of American voters support same-sex marriage, 40% oppose, and 7% don't know/no answer. Asked specifically about Obergefell v. Hodges, it found 53% of American voters support the ruling, 44% oppose, and 3% don't know/no answer. It also found that American voters opposed a constitutional amendment allowing states to ban same-sex marriage, with 56% opposing, 39% supporting, and 5% don't know/no answer.^[12]

A July 2015 Associated Press-GfK poll found that 42% support same-sex marriage and 40% oppose it. The percentage saying they favor legal same-sex marriage in their state was down slightly from the 48 percent who said so in an April poll. In January, 44 percent were in favor. Asked specifically about the Supreme Court ruling, 39 percent said they approve and 41 percent said they disapprove.^[13]

Pre-Obergefell v. Hodges

A February–March 2015 Wall Street Journal poll found that 59% of Americans favor same-sex marriage.^[14]

A January–February 2015 Human Rights Campaign poll found that 60% of Americans favor same-sex marriage, while 37% oppose. The same poll also found that 46% of respondents say they know a same-sex couple who have gotten married.^[15]

A February 12–15, 2015 CNN/ORC poll found that 63% of Americans believe same-sex marriage is a constitutional right, while 36% oppose.^[16]

A September–October 2014 YouGov poll found 48% of Americans favor same-sex marriage, 39% oppose, and 13% weren't sure.^[17]

A Pew Research Center poll released in September 2014 found 49% of Americans favor same-sex marriage, 41% oppose, and 10% don't know.^[18]

A Gallup poll conducted in May 2014 found that 55% of Americans support allowing marriage for same-sex couples, 42% opposed, and 4% had no opinion on the issue. This was the largest percentage ever measured by the organization.^[19]

An April 2014 Public Religion Research Institute poll sponsored by the Ford Foundation found that 55% of all Americans supported same-sex marriage, while 39% were opposed.^[20]

A Pew Research Center poll released in March 2014 found 54% of Americans favor same-sex marriage, 39% oppose, and 7% don't know.^[21] It also researched support for same-sex marriage among Republican leaning voters in the United States. 61% of Republican leaning voters aged 18–29 support allowing same-sex couples to marry, while only 27% of Republican leaning voters over 50 years of age are supportive.^[22] 52% of Republican voters aged 18–50 support same-sex marriage.^[23][24]

A Washington Post/ABC News poll from February–March 2014 found a record high of 59% of Americans approve of same-sex marriage, with only 34% opposed and 7% with no opinion. The poll also revealed that 53% of the population in the States that currently do not allow same-sex couples to marry approve of same-sex marriage. 50% of respondents said that the United States Constitution guarantees the freedom to marry the person of one's choice, regardless of that persons's sex or sexual orientation. 41% disagreed, and 9% had no opinion.^[25] The same poll also found that 81% of people found that businesses should not be allowed to refuse to serve gays and lesbians. 16% disagreed, and 3% had no opinion. 78% thought that gay couples can be "just as good parents" as straight couples, while 18% disagreed and 4% had no opinion.^[26]

A November/December 2013 Public Religion Research Institute poll sponsored by the Ford Foundation found that 53% of all Americans supported same-sex marriage, while 41% were opposed and 6% unsure. The margin of error was 1.1%. The same poll found clear majorities in favor of same-sex marriage in the Northeast (60%), West (58%), and Midwest (51%). Only the South was evenly divided 48% in favor to 48% opposed. Further, nearly 7-in-10 (69%) of those born after 1980 (ages 18–33) favored allowing same-sex couples to marry.^[27]

A Bloomberg National Poll conducted by Selzer & Company taken during September 20–23, 2013 found that 55% supported same-sex marriage, while 36% opposed and 9% unsure.^[28]

A September Quinnipiac University poll found that 56% of American adults and 57% of registered voters supported same-sex marriage. Only 36% of both groups were opposed.^[29]

A July 10–14 poll by Gallup found support for same-sex marriage at 54%, a record high, and double the support of 27% Gallup first measured when the question was asked in 1996.^[30]

A July poll by USA Today found that 55% of Americans supported same-sex marriage while 40% did not.^[31]

A May 9 Washington Post-ABC News poll found that 55% of Americans supported same-sex marriage while 40% did not.^[32]

A March 20–24 CBS News Poll found that 53% of Americans supported same-sex marriage, 39% opposed it, and 8% were undecided.^[33] The same poll also found that 33% of Americans who thought same-sex couples should be allowed to legally marry said they once held the opposite view and had changed their opinion.

A March 7–10 Washington Post-ABC News^[34] poll found that 58% of Americans support same-sex marriage while 36% opposed. The poll indicated that 52% of GOP-leaning independents under 50 years old supported same-sex marriage.^[35]

A March Quinnipiac University poll of voters found 47% supported same-sex marriage and 43% were opposed.^[36]

Public support in the United States for same-sex marriage solidified, as polls consistently showed that same-sex marriage enjoys majority support with increasing tendency.

A November 26–29 Gallup poll found that 53% of Americans support same-sex marriage while 46% do not.^[37]

A November 16–19 CBS News poll found that 51% of Americans support same-sex marriage while 40% do not.^[38]

A November 7–11 ABC News/Washington Post poll found 51% of respondents support same-sex marriage while 47% are opposed.^[39]

A June 6 CNN/ORC International poll showed that a majority of Americans support same-sex marriage being legalized at 54%, while 42% are opposed.^[40]

A May 22 NBC News/Wall Street Journal poll showed that 54% of Americans would support a law in their state making same-sex marriage legal, with 40% opposed.^[41]

A May 17–20 ABC News/Washington Post poll showed that 53% believe same-sex marriage should be legal, with only 39% opposed, a low point for opposition in any national poll so far.^[42][43]

A May 10 USA Today/Gallup Poll, taken one day after Barack Obama became the first sitting President to express support for same-sex marriage,^[44] showed 51% of Americans agreed with the President's endorsement, while 45% disagreed.^[45] A May 8 Gallup Poll showed plurality support for same-sex marriage nationwide, with 50% in favor and 48% opposed.^[46]

An April Pew Research Center poll showed support for same-sex marriage at 48%, while opposition fell to 44%.^[47]

A March 7–10 ABC News/Washington Post poll found 52% of adults thought it should be legal for same-sex couples to get married, while 42% disagreed and 5% were unsure.^[28] A March survey by the Public Religion Research Institute found 52% of Americans supported allowing same-sex couples to marry, while 44% opposed.^[48]

A February 29 – March 3 NBC News/Wall Street Journal poll found 49% of adults supported allowing same-sex couples to marry, while 40% opposed.^[49]

Public support for same-sex marriage continued to grow in 2011. In February and March, a Pew Research Center for the People & the Press survey found about as many adults favored (45%) as opposed (46%) allowing same-sex couples to marry legally, compared to a 2009 Pew Research survey that found just 37% backed same-sex marriage while 54% opposed.^[50] In March and April, polls by Gallup,^[51] ABC News/Washington Post,^[8] and CNN/Opinion Research^[52] all showed that a majority of Americans approved of same-sex marriage.

As had been the case since 1996, there remained a wide partisan division. In March, Pew reported that 57% of Democrats favored legal recognition for same-sex marriage, and 51% of independents agreed, but only 23% of Republicans agreed.^[50] An April CNN/Opinion Research Poll showed majority support including 64% of Democrats and 55% of independents, but only 27% of Republicans.^[52]

In March 2011, Democracy Corps conducted a survey of 1,000 likely 2012 election voters in 50 congressional districts considered political battlegrounds. It asked respondents to rate their feelings on the same-sex marriage issue on a 0–100 scale, with 100 being "very warm" or favorable feelings, and 0 being "very cold" or unfavorable feelings. 42% were on the "cool" or unfavorable side, and 35% were on the "warm" or favorable side.^[53]

A May 2011 Gallup Poll also showed majority support for same-sex marriage, 53% in favor to 45% opposed. Gallup measured a 9-point increase in support, from 44% to 53%, indicating that support increased faster than in any previous year.^[51]

In 2010, national polls began to show majority support for same-sex marriage.

An August Associated Press/National Constitution Center poll found 52% agreed that the federal government should give legal recognition to marriages between couples of the same sex, an increase from 46% in 2009. 46% disagreed, compared to 53% in 2009.^[7]

An August CNN/Opinion Research Poll showed that 49% of respondents thought gays and lesbians do have a constitutional right to get married and have their marriage recognized by law as valid, and 52% thought gays and lesbians should have that right.^[54]

Earlier polls in February and May found opinion divided within the margin of error, but with a consistent trend of increasing support and decreasing opposition compared to prior years.^[55][56] One August poll found majority opposition,^[57][58] and a November exit poll of 17,504 voters by CNN during the 2010 midterm elections found 53% opposition with 41% support.^[59]

An April 30, 2009 ABC News/Washington Post poll found support for allowing same-sex couples to marry in the United States ahead of opposition for the first time: 49% support, 46% opposition, and 5% with no opinion. In addition, 53% believed that same-sex marriages performed in other states should be legal in their states. 62% of Democrats and 52% of Independents supported same-sex marriage, while 74% of Republicans opposed.^[60]

An April 22–26, 2009, poll by CBS/New York Times found 42% supported marriage for same-sex couples, 25% supported civil unions, and 28% opposed any legal recognition of same-sex couples.^[61] 5% of respondents were unsure.

A USA Today/Gallup Poll conducted May 7–10, 2009, however, found support at only 40%, lower than in 2003, with 57% opposed.^[62] According to this poll, 48% of Americans feel that society would change for the worse if same-sex marriage were legalized, the same percentage as a 2003 poll.^[63] The poll asked: "Which comes closest to your view? Gay couples should be allowed to legally marry. OR, Gay couples should be allowed to form civil unions but not legally marry. OR, There should be no legal recognition of a gay couple's relationship."

	Legal Marriage	Civil Unions	No Legal Recognition	Unsure
All respondents	42%	25%	28%	5%
Republicans	18%	31%	49%	2%
Democrats	52%	22%	21%	5%
Independents	43%	26%	25%	6%

A CBS News poll conducted from March 12–26, 2009^[64] asked: "Which comes closest to your view? Gay couples should be allowed to legally marry. OR, Gay couples should be allowed to form civil unions but not legally marry. OR, There should be no legal recognition of a gay couple's relationship."

	Legal marriage	Civil union	No recognition	Unsure
All political parties	33%	27%	35%	5%
Republicans	6%	34%	59%	1%
Democrats	46%	23%	26%	5%
Independents	37%	26%	30%	7%

Nate Silver noted that the discrepancy in support for same-sex marriage appears to result from 5-10% of respondents who favor civil unions over same-sex marriage, but given only two choices, will support same-sex marriage.^[65]

A LifeWay Research poll conducted in August 2009 found that 61% of Americans born between 1980 and 1991 see nothing wrong with two people of the same gender getting married while 39% disagree. The survey was conducted on a demographically representative survey of 1,200 U.S. adults between 18 and 29 years old.^[66]

In a poll conducted on July 17, 2008, by the Quinnipiac University Polling Institute, with 55 percent opposed, and 36 percent in favor.^[67] An ABC News poll found that the majority (58%) of Americans remained opposed to same-sex marriages, while the minority (36%) support them. However, on the question of a constitutional amendment, more are now opposed than for it. The majority (51%) of Americans say the issue should be left for the states to decide, while 43% would agree with amending the Constitution.^[68]

When asked about the legal status, a July 2008 poll by Quinnipiac University Polling Institute revealed that 32% of respondents would allow homosexual partners to legally marry, 33% would permit them to form civil unions, and 29% would grant them no legal recognition.^[67][69] A December 2008 poll revealed that 32% of respondents support the concept of civil unions, 31% would offer full marriage rights to same-sex couples, and 30% oppose any legal recognition for gay and lesbian partnerships.^[70]

Prior to this poll, Gallup conducted a poll on the issue through May 2006. The poll found opposition to same-sex marriage had fallen slightly, as other polls found a sharper dip. In the poll, when asked if marriages between homosexuals should be recognized by law as valid, with the same rights as traditional marriages, 58% (down 1 point from Aug 2005, and 9 points from March 1996) of Americans responded that they should not be recognized. 39% (up 2 points from Aug 2005, and 12 points from 1996) felt same-sex marriages should be recognized by law. If "homosexuals" is replaced with "same-sex couples", 42% back same-sex marriage while 56% oppose it.

A similar poll conducted in March 2006, a Princeton Survey Research Associates/Pew Research Center poll concluded 39% of Americans support same-sex marriage, while 51% oppose it, and 10% were undecided. In December 2004, a poll by the same company found 61% of Americans opposed – with 38% "strongly opposed". Now, less than 2 years later, just 23% are "strongly opposed". However, an identical poll taken by the same group in June 2006 found a rise in those opposed to same-sex marriage, with 56% disapproving of the practice.

The most recent poll prior to this also showed opposition to same-sex marriages had fallen. An Opinion Dynamics/Fox News poll released April 6 of 2006. According to this poll, 55% of Americans oppose same-sex marriage, 33% support it, and 11% are unsure of where they stand.

Gallup Poll (known as the "CNN/USA Today/Gallup Poll" before 2006) of adults nationwide.

"Do you think marriages between same-sex couples should or should not be recognized by the law as valid, with the same rights as traditional marriages?" (Wording pre-2006: "Do you think marriages between homosexuals should or should not be recognized by the law as valid, with the same rights as traditional marriages?") N=492, MoE ± 5 (Form A)

In the following table, "Y" means "Should Be Valid"; "N" means "Should Not Be Valid"; and "U" means "Unsure".

Poll Date	Y	N	U
5/3 – 5/6/2012	50	48	2
5/5 – 5/8/2011	53	45	3
5/2 – 5/6/2010	44	53	3
5/7 – 5/10-2009	40	57	3
5/8 – 5/11/2008	40	56	4
5/10 – 5/13/2007	46	53	1
5/8 – 5/11/2006	42	56	2
4/29 – 5/1/2005	39	56	5
3/18 – 3/20/2005	28	68	4
7/19 – 7/21/2004	32	62	6
3/5 – 3/7/2004	33	61	6
2/16 – 2/17/2004	32	64	4
2/6 – 2/8/2004	36	59	5
12/2003	31	65	4
10/2003	35	61	4
6/2003	39	55	6
1/2000	34	62	4
2/1999	35	62	3
3/1996	27	68	5

A poll taken June 22, 2006 by Rasmussen Reports asked "Should marriage be defined in terms of a union between a man and a woman? Or should marriage be defined as a union between any two people including same sex couples?" 68% replied that "marriage is between man and woman", 29% said marriage "between any two people" and 4% were "not sure".^[71]

CBS News poll historical results^[64] asking:

• "Which comes closest to your view? Gay couples should be allowed to legally marry. OR, Gay couples should be allowed to form civil unions but not legally marry. OR, There should be no legal recognition of a gay couple's relationship."

	Legal marriage	Civil union	No recognition	Unsure
August 20–24, 2010	40%	30%	25%	5%
April 5–12, 2010	39%	24%	30%	7%
June 12–16, 2009	33%	30%	32%	5%
April 22–26, 2009	42%	25%	28%	5%
March 12–26, 2009	33%	27%	35%	5%
May 30 – June 3, 2008	30%	28%	36%	6%
March 7–11, 2007	28%	32%	35%	5%
October 27–31, 2006	28%	29%	38%	5%
February 24–28, 2005	23%	34%	41%	2%
November 18–21, 2004	21%	32%	44%	3%
July 11–15, 2004	28%	31%	38%	3%
May 20–23, 2004	28%	29%	40%	3%
March 10–14, 2004	22%	33%	40%	5%

• The same CBS News Poll highlighting regional, political party affiliations and age differences in views. March 12–16, 2009. Nationwide:

Demographic	Marriage	Civil union	No recognition
All	33%	27%	25%
Republicans	6%	34%	59%
Democrats	46%	23%	26%
Independents	37%	26%	30%
18–45 years	41%	23%	32%
45–64	29%	32%	35%
65 and older	26%	29%	41%
65 & older	18%	27%	47%
Men	27%	28%	42%
Women	38%	26%	30%

The Pew Research Center/Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life survey poll^[64] asking:

• "Do you strongly favor, favor, oppose, or strongly oppose allowing gays and lesbians to marry legally?" (Margin of error three percent)

Date	Favor	Oppose	Unsure
April 4–15, 2012[72][73]	47%	43%	10%
February 22–March 14, 2011[74]	45%	46%	9%
July 21–August 5, 2010[74]	42%	48%	10%
July 9, 2009[74]	37%	54%	9%
May 21–25, 2008[74]	38%	49%	13%
August 2007	36%	55%	9%
March 8–12, 2006[75]	39%	51%	10%
July 13–17, 2005	36%	53%	11%
December 1–16, 2004	32%	61%	7%
August 5–10, 2004	29%	60%	11%
July 2004	32%	56%	12%
March 2004	32%	59%	9%
February 2004	30%	63%	7%
October 2004	30%	58%	12%
November 2003	30%	62%	8%

• "Do you strongly favor, oppose, or strongly oppose allowing gay and lesbian couples to enter into legal agreements with each other that would give them many of the same rights as married couples? (Margin of error three percent)

Date	Favor	Oppose	Unsure
July 13–17, 2005	53%	40%	7%
August 5–10, 2004	48%	45%	7%
July 2004	49%	43%	8%
March 2004	49%	44%	7%
October 2003	45%	47%	8%

A further Pew study in March 2006 found that 51% oppose same-sex marriage, with 39% supporting it, and the level of "strongly opposing" same-sex marriage has fallen from 42% to 28%.^[75] Pew's May 2008 Survey found that for the first time, a majority of people do not oppose same-sex marriage at 49%. 20% oppose and 29% Strongly oppose same-sex marriage, up 1% from the March 2006 Pew Research Results.^[74]

An October 1989 Yankelovich Clancy Shulman telephone poll found 69% of Americans opposed same-sex marriage, with 23% supporting same-sex marriage, and 8% not sure.^[76]

Demographic differences

By age

Public opinion for same-sex marriage in the United States by age

Age group	% support (at 95% confidence level)		% opposition (at 95% confidence level)		% no opinion / don't know / refused (at 95% confidence level)		Sample size	Date of poll
18–26 years old (Younger Millennial)[9]	76		22		2		209	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
18–29 years old[9]	76		22		2		319	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
18–34 years old (Millennial)[9]	73 ± 5.3		24 ± 5.3		3 ± 5.3		452	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
18–39 years old[77]	74		24		2			4/16/2015 – 4/20/2015
18–49 years old[9]	67		31		2		865	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
27–34 years old (Older Millennial)[9]	71		26		4		243	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
30–49 years old[9]	61		36		2		546	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
35–42 years old (Younger Gen Xer)[9]	62		36		2		215	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
35–50 years old (Generation X)[9]	59 ± 5.2		39 ± 5.2		2 ± 5.2		469	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
40–64 years old[77]	56		39		5			4/16/2015 – 4/20/2015
43–50 years old (Older Gen Xer)[9]	56		41		3		254	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
50–64 years old[9]	47		46		7		576	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
50+ years old[9]	44		48		8		1113	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
51–59 years old (Younger Boomer)[9]	43		51		7		307	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
51–69 years old (Baby-Boomer)[9]	45 ± 4.2		48 ± 4.2		7 ± 4.2		710	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
60–69 years old (Older Boomer)[9]	48		45		7		403	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
65+ years old[9] (cf. other poll)	41		51		8		537	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
65+ years old[77] (cf. other poll)	46		49		5			4/16/2015 – 4/20/2015
70–79 years old (Younger Silent)[9]	42		52		6		234	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
70–87 years old (Silent)[9]	39 ± 6.2		53 ± 6.2		8 ± 6.2		325	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Dem/Dem leaning Baby-Boomer[9]	60		34		7		329	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Dem/Dem leaning Generation X[9]	71		27		1		239	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Dem/Dem leaning Millennial[9]	82		16		2		239	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Dem/Dem leaning Silent[9]	54		34		12		147	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Rep/Rep leaning Baby-Boomer[9]	31		62		6		330	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Rep/Rep leaning Generation X[9]	45		54		1		179	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Rep/Rep leaning Millennial[9]	59		39		2		154	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Rep/Rep leaning Silent[9]	24		72		4		152	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
White 18-49 year olds[9]	71		27		1		517	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
White 50+ year olds[9]	48		46		6		869	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015

By education

Public opinion for same-sex marriage in the United States by education

Education	% support (at 95% confidence level)		% opposition (at 95% confidence level)		% no opinion / don't know / refused (at 95% confidence level)		Sample size	Date of poll
College grad[9] (cf. other poll)	68		27		5		501	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
College grad[77] (cf. other poll)	73		35		2			4/16/2015 – 4/20/2015
Dem/Dem leaning college grad[9]	84		13		4		433	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Dem/Dem leaner with HS or less[9]	57		37		6		309	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Dem/Dem leaner with some college[9]	72		24		4		230	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
HS or less[9] (cf. other poll)	49		47		5		636	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
HS or less[77] (cf. other poll)	54		41		5			4/16/2015 – 4/20/2015
Post grad[77]	74		24		2			4/16/2015 – 4/20/2015
Post-grad[9]	70		24		6		354	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Rep/Rep leaning college grad[9]	48		46		5		357	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Rep/Rep leaner with HS or less[9]	38		60		2		240	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Rep/Rep leaner with some college[9]	38		60		2		240	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Some college[9] (cf. other poll)	56		39		4		503	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Some college[77] (cf. other poll)	62		35		2			4/16/2015 – 4/20/2015
White college grad[9]	71		24		4		664	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
White men with some college or less[9]	50		47		2		384	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
White women with some college or less[9]	55		40		5		354	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
White with some college or less[9]	53		43		4		738	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015

By ethnicity / race

Public opinion for same-sex marriage in the United States by ethnicity / race

Ethnicity / race	% support (at 95% confidence level)		% opposition (at 95% confidence level)		% no opinion / don't know / refused (at 95% confidence level)		Sample size	Date of poll
African American[77]	60		37		3			4/16/2015-4/20/2015
Black, Non-Hispanic[9]	41		51		8		177	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Hispanic[9] (cf. other poll)	56		38		6		248	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Hispanic[77] (cf. other poll)	55		40		5			4/16/2015 – 4/20/2015
Non-white[77]	62		34		4			4/16/2015-4/20/2015
White[77]	61		35		4			4/16/2015 – 4/20/2015
White, Non-Hispanic[9]	59		37		4		1404	5/12/2015-5/18/2015

By gender

Public opinion for same-sex marriage in the United States by gender

Gender	% support (at 95% confidence level)		% opposition (at 95% confidence level)		% no opinion / don't know / refused (at 95% confidence level)		Sample size	Date of poll
Boomer men[9]	42		50		8		384	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Boomer women[9]	48		46		6		326	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Dem/Dem leaning men[9]	66		30		4		477	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Dem/Dem leaning women[9]	71		23		6		498	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Female[77]	63		34		3			4/16/2015 – 4/20/2015
Gen Xer men[9]	49		49		2		262	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Gen Xer women[9]	69		29		3		207	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Male[77]	59		36		5			4/16/2015 – 4/20/2015
Men[78] (cf. other poll)	49		41		9			7/23/2015 – 7/28/2015
Men[9] (cf. other poll)	53		42		5		1088	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Millennial men[9]	73		23		4		272	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Millennial women[9]	74		24		2		180	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Rep/Rep leaning men[9]	40		56		4		502	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Rep/Rep leaning women[9]	42		56		3		333	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Silent generation men[9]	34		59		7		153	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Silent generation women[9]	43		48		9		172	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
White college grad men[9]	53		43		4		240	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
White college grad women[9]	80		17		3		287	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
White men[9]	54		42		4		761	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
White women[9]	63		32		4		643	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Wom[78]	57		38		5			7/23/2015 – 7/28/2015
Women[9]	60		35		5		914	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015

By income

Public opinion for same-sex marriage in the United States by income

Income	% support (at 95% confidence level)		% opposition (at 95% confidence level)		% don't know / refused (at 95% confidence level)		Sample size	Date of poll
<$30,000[9]	51		44		6		525	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
$30,000–$74,999[9]	57		39		4		620	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
$75,000+[9]	64		33		3		677	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
White with <$30,000 income[9]	52		43		5		288	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
White with $30,000–$74,999 income[9]	60		36		3		450	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
White with $75,000+ income[9]	64		33		3		534	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015

By household income

Public opinion for same-sex marriage in the United States by household income

Household income	% support (at 95% confidence level)		% opposition (at 95% confidence level)		% no opinion / don't know / refused (at 95% confidence level)		Date of poll	Sample size
<$50K[77]	60		36		4			4/16/2015 – 4/20/2015
$50K–$100K[77]	61		35		4			4/16/2015 – 4/20/2015
$100K+[77]	76		21		3			4/16/2015 – 4/20/2015

By political affiliation

Public opinion for same-sex marriage in the United States by political affiliation

Political affiliation	% support (at 95% confidence level)		% opposition (at 95% confidence level)		% no opinion / don't know / refused (at 95% confidence level)		Sample size	Date of poll
Agree with the Tea Party movement among Rep/Rep leaner[9]	30		66		5		314	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Cons/Mod Dem/Dem leaner[9]	59		36		5		536	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Conservative[9] (cf. other poll)	30		66		4		750	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Conservative[77] (cf. other poll)	39		56		5			4/16/2015 – 4/20/2015
Conservative Republican[9] (cf. other poll)	22		75		3		363	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Conservative Republican[77] (cf. other poll)	25		71		4			4/16/2015 – 4/20/2015
Conservative Rep/Rep leaner[9]	26		70		2		534	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Democrat[78] (cf. other poll)	70		26		4			7/23/2015 – 7/28/2015
Democrat[9] (cf. other poll)	65 ± 4.5		29 ± 4.5		6 ± 4.5		636	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Democrat[77] (cf. other poll)	76		35		4			4/16/2015 – 4/20/2015
Dem/Dem leaner[9]	69		40		5		975	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Disagree/No opinion with the Tea Party movement among Rep/Rep leaner[9]	47		50		3		509	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Independent[78] (cf. other poll)	57		38		4			7/23/2015 – 7/28/2015
Independent[9] (cf. other poll)	65 ± 4.1		31 ± 4.1		4 ± 4.1		758	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Independent[77] (cf. other poll)	66		30		6			4/16/2015 – 4/20/2015
Liberal[9] (cf. other poll)	79		17		4		503	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Liberal[77] (cf. other poll)	83		16		1			4/16/2015 – 4/20/2015
Liberal Dem/Dem leaner[9]	84		13		3		415	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Liberal Democrat[9] (cf. other poll)	81		16		3		278	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Liberal Democrat[77] (cf. other poll)	88		11		1			4/16/2015 – 4/20/2015
Mod/Con Democrat[77]	65		30		5			4/16/2015 – 4/20/2015
Mod/Cons Democrat[9]	54		39		6		340	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Mod/Lib Rep/Rep leaner[9]	63		34		3		293	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Mod/Lib Republican[9]	59		37		3		139	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Moderate[9]	67		29		5		689	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Moderate[77] (cf. other poll)	69		26		5			4/16/2015 – 4/20/2015
Republican[78] (cf. other poll)	26		67		7			7/23/2015 – 7/28/2015
Republican[9] (cf. other poll)	34 ± 2.5		63 ± 2.5		3 ± 2.5		506	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Republican[77] (cf. other poll)	34		63		3			4/16/2015 – 4/20/2015
Rep/Rep leaner[9]	41		56		4		835	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
White Democrat[9]	76		20		5		367	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
White Independent[9]	69		27		4		544	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
White Republican[9]	33		64		3		439	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015

By religious affiliation

Public opinion for same-sex marriage in the United States by religious affiliation

Religious affiliation	% support (at 95% confidence level)		% opposition (at 95% confidence level)		% don't know / refused (at 95% confidence level)		Sample size	Date of poll
A little religious beliefs conflict with homosexuality[9]	54		41		5		197	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
A lot of religious beliefs conflict with homosexuality[9]	27		70		3		650	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Dem/Dem leaner with less than weekly religious attendance[9]	78		18		4		682	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Dem/Dem leaner with weekly or more religious attendance[9]	49		44		7		286	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Less than weekly religious attendance[9]	68		27		4		1268	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
No, no religious beliefs conflict with homosexuality[9]	76		19		5		1092	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Rep/Rep leaner with less than weekly religious attendance[9]	56		40		4		460	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Rep/Rep leaner with weekly or more religious attendance[9]	20		77		3		367	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Total Catholic[9]	56		38		6		408	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Total Protestant[9]	40		55		5		975	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Unaffiliated[9]	85		11		4		452	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Weekly or more religious attendance[9]	34		60		6		716	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
White, Non-Hispanic Catholic[9]	59		36		5		249	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
White, Non-Hispanic evangelical Protestant[9]	27		70		3		398	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
White, Non-Hispanic mainline Protestant[9]	62		33		4		314	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Yes, religious beliefs conflict with homosexuality[9]	33		63		4		847	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015

By registered voters

Public opinion for same-sex marriage in the United States by registered voters

Registered voters	% support (at 95% confidence level)		% opposition (at 95% confidence level)		% no opinion / don't know / refused (at 95% confidence level)		Sample size	Date of poll
Registered voter[9]	56		39		5		1497	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Registered voters[77]	59		37		4			4/16/2015 – 4/20/2015

Regional, state, and local level polls

By region

Public opinion for same-sex marriage in the United States by region

Region	% support (at 95% confidence level)		% opposition (at 95% confidence level)		% no opinion / don't know / refused (at 95% confidence level)		Sample size	Date of poll
Great Lakes-East North (IL MI OH WI)[9]	57		40		3		317	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Middle Atlantic (DE DC MD NJ NY PA)[9]	64		30		6		280	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Midwest[9] (cf. other poll)	58		39		4		483	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Midwest[77] (cf. other poll)	57		40		3			4/16/2015 – 4/20/2015
Midwest-West North (IA KS MN MO NE ND SD)[9]	59		36		5		166	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Northeast[9] (cf. other poll)	67		28		4		317	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
Northeast[77] (cf. other poll)	68		28		4			4/16/2015 – 4/20/2015
Pacific (AK CA HI OR WA)[9]	65		29		6		293	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
South[9] (cf. other poll)	47		47		6		753	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
South Atlantic (FL GA NC SC VA WV)[9]	52		43		5		344	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
South Central (AL AR KY LA MS OK TN TX)[9]	39		54		7		353	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
West[9] (cf. other poll)	63		32		5		449	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
West[77] (cf. other poll)	65		30		5			4/16/2015 – 4/20/2015
White Midwest[9]	59		37		3		400	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
White Northeast[9]	69		27		4		216	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
White South[9]	48		47		5		400	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015
White West[9]	68		28		3		278	5/12/2015 – 5/18/2015

By state / federal district

Public opinion of same-sex marriage in the United States of America by state, federal district, or territory

  A poll reports a significant finding that a majority of that state's population supports same-sex marriage.

  A poll shows at least a plurality, and possibly a majority, of that state's population supports same-sex marriage.

  A poll shows at least a plurality, and possibly a majority, of that state's population opposes same-sex marriage.

  A poll reports a significant finding that a majority of that state's population opposes same-sex marriage.

  No polling data.

Public opinion for same-sex marriage in the United States by state / federal district

State / federal district	% support (at 95% confidence level)		% opposition		% no opinion / don't know / refused		Date of poll	Sample size
Alabama[10]	33		60		7		2015-2016	657 adults
Alaska[10]	60		34		6		2015-2016	338 adults
Arizona[79]	56		36		7		2015-2016	829 adults
Arkansas[10]	37		57		6		2015-2016	407 adults
California[10]	60		30		9		2015-2016	3,926 adults
Colorado[10]	65		27		8		2015-2016	712 adults
Connecticut[10]	70		24		7		2015-2016	475 adults
Delaware[10]	66		25		8		2015-2016	148 adults
District of Columbia[80]	64		26		10		2014	303
Florida[10]	53		37		10		2015-2016	2,572 adults
Georgia[10]	45		47		8		2015-2016	1,240 adults
Hawaii[10]	61		29		20		2015-2016	202 adults
Idaho[10]	49		41		10		2015-2016	230 adults
Illinois[10]	60		33		7		2015-2016	1,514 adults
Indiana[10]	52		38		9		2015-2016	978 adults
Iowa[10]	56		35		9		2015-2016	587 voters
Kansas[10]	53		38		9		2015-2016	465 adults
Kentucky[10]	45		47		8		2015-2016	690 adults
Louisiana[81][82]	41 ± 3.1		53 ± 3.1		7 ± 3.1		2016/2/01–2016/2/26	1,001 residents
Maine[10]	56		35		9		2015-2016	226 adults
Maryland[10]	54		36		10		2015-2016	721 adults
Massachusetts[10]	76		18		6		2015-2016	750 adults
Michigan[10]	54		38		7		2015-2016	1,225 adults
Minnesota[10]	57		37		6 ± 2.2		2015-2016	769 adults
Mississippi[10]	25		65		9		2015-2016	423 adults
Missouri[10]	48		45		7		2015-2016	894 adults
Montana[10]	49		43		9		2015-2016	244 adults
Nebraska[10]	49		43		9		2015-2016	244 adults
Nevada[10]	57		35		8		2015-2016	352 adults
New Hampshire[10]	73		19		8		2015-2016	189 adults
New Jersey[10]	66		26		8		2015-2016	1,048 adults
New Mexico[10]	58		34		8		2015-2016	307 adults
New York[10]	63		29		9		2015-2016	2,813 adults
North Carolina[10]	46		47		8		2015-2016	1,477 adults
North Dakota[10]	43		44		12		2015-2016	155 adults
Ohio[10]	53		40		8		2015-2016	1,773 adults
Oklahoma[10]	44		48		8		2015-2016	57 adults
Oregon[10]	62		29		9		2015-2016	694 adults
Pennsylvania[10]	55		36		8		2015-2016	1,924 adults
Rhode Island[10]	69		24		6		2015-2016	154 adults
South Carolina[10]	40		49		11		2015-2016	702 adults
South Dakota[10]	39		57		4		2015-2016	155 adults
Tennessee[10]	37		56		6		2015-2016	979 adults
Texas[10]	46		45		9		2015-2016	2,782 adults
Utah[83]	43		49		8		6/8 – 6/17/2016	614 adults
Vermont[10]	69		21		10		2015-2016	148 adults
Virginia[10]	49		42		9		2015-2016	1,168 adults
Washington[10]	65		28		7		2015-2016	1,027 adults
West Virginia[10]	45		50		5		2015-2016	311 adults
Wisconsin[10]	55		36		8		2015-2016	986 adults
Wyoming[10]	48		43		9		2015-2016	139 adults

By metro area

Public opinion for same-sex marriage in the United States by city/metro area

City/metro area	% support (at 95% confidence level)		% opposition (at 95% confidence level)		% no opinion (at 95% confidence level)		Date of poll	Sample size
Atlanta[84]	48		44		9		4/2/2014 – 1/4/2015	858 adults
Boston[84]	76		18		5		4/2/2014 – 1/4/2015	689 adults
Charlotte[84]	49		46		6		4/2/2014 – 1/4/2015	382 adults
Chicago[84]	62		32		6		4/2/2014 – 1/4/2015	1,243 adults
Cincinnati[84]	58		38		4		4/2/2014 – 1/4/2015	388 adults
Cleveland[84]	54		33		13		4/2/2014 – 1/4/2015	326 adults
Columbus[84]	55		38		8		4/2/2014 – 1/4/2015	326 adults
Dallas[84]	50		43		6		4/2/2014 – 1/4/2015	925 adults
Denver[84]	64		28		8		4/2/2014 – 1/4/2015	440 adults
Detroit[84]	52		39		10		4/2/2014 – 1/4/2015	644 adults
Houston[84]	48		44		9		4/2/2014 – 1/4/2015	802 adults
Indianapolis[84]	46		45		9		4/2/2014 – 1/4/2015	332 adults
Kansas City[84]	50		41		10		4/2/2014 – 1/4/2015	366 adults
Las Vegas[84]	60		31		8		4/2/2014 – 1/4/2015	309 adults
Los Angeles[84]	60		32		9		4/2/2014 – 1/4/2015	1,407 adults
Miami[84]	53		39		8		4/2/2014 – 1/4/2015	801 adults
Milwaukee[84]	60		35		5		4/2/2014 – 1/4/2015	325 adults
Minneapolis–Saint Paul[84]	64		27		9		4/2/2014 – 1/4/2015	603 adults
Nashville[84]	45		47		8		4/2/2014 – 1/4/2015	279 adults
New York City[84]	64		29		7		4/2/2014 – 1/4/2015	3,383 adults
Orlando[84]	56		38		6		4/2/2014 – 1/4/2015	348 adults
Philadelphia[84]	60		31		9		4/2/2014 – 1/4/2015	1,045 adults
Phoenix[84]	61		29		10		4/2/2014 – 1/4/2015	568 adults
Pittsburgh[84]	58		35		7		4/2/2014 – 1/4/2015	482 adults
Portland[84]	65		27		8		4/2/2014 – 1/4/2015	355 adults
San Francisco[84]	74		19		7		4/2/2014 – 1/4/2015	498 adults
Seattle[84]	67		26		7		4/2/2014 – 1/4/2015	470 adults
St. Louis[84]	50		41		9		4/2/2014 – 1/4/2015	491 adults
Tampa-St. Petersburg[84]	58		34		8		4/2/2014 – 1/4/2015	532 adults
Washington, D.C.[84]	60		32		8		4/2/2014 – 1/4/2015	937 adults

See also

• LGBT rights in the United States
• Societal attitudes toward homosexuality in the United States

References

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