Speke
Coordinates: 53°20′27″N 2°50′28″W / 53.3409°N 2.8410°W
Speke (/ˈspiːk/) is an area of Liverpool, Merseyside, England, close to the boundaries of the Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley. It is 7.7 miles (12.4 km) south east of the city centre and to the west of the town of Widnes.
Speke is bordered by a number of other areas; Garston, Hunts Cross, Halewood and Hale Village and is located near to the widest part of the River Mersey.
History
The name derives from the Old English Spec, meaning 'brushwood'. It was known as Spec in the Domesday Book, which gave Speke Hall as one of the properties held by Uctred. (Today Speke Hall, now a Tudor wood-framed house, is open to the public.)
In the mid 14th century, the manors of Speke, Whiston, Skelmersdale, and Parr were held by William Dacre, 2nd Baron Dacre.[1]
Until the 1930s, Speke was a small village with a population of 400; by the end of the 1950s more than 25,000 people were living in the area. The local All Saints Church was built by the last resident owner of Speke Hall, Miss Adelaide Watt.[2]
From 1795 until 1921, the Speke estate had belonged to the Watt family; when the family died out, the estate was placed in trust.[3] It was bought by the Liverpool Corporation in 1928 for £200,000; the Corporation's intention was to build a complete self-contained satellite town (this was at a time when the garden city movement was underway). The parish of Speke became part of the county borough of Liverpool in 1932, having previously belonged to the Whiston Rural District.[4]
Constructed between 1930 and 1933, by the start of World War II, Speke Airport was the second busiest in the UK. Retention of control by the Ministry of Civil Aviation in London after the war meant that it had lost its leading position in the UK by the 1950s.
The industrial rise of Speke continued until the mid-1970s, when an equally rapid decline ensued. The closure of the Bryant and May match factory was a noted example of these problems, as was the closure of the Triumph car plant. The area has however retained a cluster of pharmaceutical facilities, with companies operating there including Eli Lilly and Company, MedImmune and Novartis.[5]
When the 2000 Index of Multiple Deprivation was published Speke was revealed to be the second most deprived ward in England and Wales (out of 8414). Only Benchill in Manchester had a higher level of deprivation.
Community
Speke is known for Speke Hall, a Tudor wood-framed house now owned by the National Trust and open to the public. It is also notable as the location of Liverpool John Lennon Airport, known until 2001 as Liverpool Speke Airport. From the mid-1990s the re-development of the original airport site, enabled by the construction of the new airport complex and runway, had left land available for the construction of a business park. The completion of the A5001 road consolidated the rise of the airport and improved communications in the area. The Speke Liverpool local history website shows a lot of the developments that changed Speke the village into Speke the estate with photographs and documents from the 1870s onwards.
The New Mersey Shopping Park was re-developed in 1999 from an older retail site. It houses many large retail and textile outlets as well as mainstream restaurants.[6] The New Mersey Retail Estate is situated between Speke and Garston, directly opposite to the Old Liverpool Airport main terminal building, which is now a hotel complex.
The area also features the Mersey Wave, officially opened on 15 December 2003, a 200 ft-long (61 m) and 100 ft (30 m) high illuminated sculpture comprising two sets of six aluminium fins.[7] The sculpture, designed by Peter Fink, was removed for repairs within weeks of opening, a problem causing its fins to move dangerously in high winds having been discovered.[8] It was rebuilt in June 2005 and the structure, 30 ft (9.1 m) taller than the Angel of the North at Gateshead, is visible from as far as Winter Hill, Horwich, Greater Manchester.
In 2011, planning was submitted and subsequently granted for Estuary Banks, a £6 million business park scheme developed by Capital & Centric Plc and Barnfield Construction. Constructed started on 80,000 sq ft (7,400 m2) of speculative construction in November 2011.[9] The latest phase (120,000 sq ft) has been completed with 80,000 sold to Business First in June 2012.[10]
Recent developments in Speke have seen a multi-million-pound Morrisons superstore,[11] situated directly next to the A561 Speke Boulevard (locally known as 'The Ford Road'), which is located only metres away from the Mersey Wave. Planning was granted in May 2012[12] for Speke Business Park on Goodlass Road. It comprises 45,000 sq ft (4,200 m2) of business units and was developed by Manchester-based developer Capital & Centric Plc.
Football Club: Speke South Liverpool, a local amateur football side, was originally founded at the Austin Rawlinson Sports Centre, Speke. However, late 2005 saw the club relocate a short distance away to Mossley Hill. The leading amateur football club in the area now is St Christophers FC, who are located at Little Heath.
Economy
Speke is the location of the headquarters of Shop Direct Group, which claims to be the UK's largest online retailer.[13]
Notable residents
See also
References
- ↑ Edward Baines, William Robert Whatton, Brooke Herford, James Croston, The history of the county palatine and duchy of Lancaster, vol. 5 (J. Heywood, 1893), p. 2
- ↑ Welcome to the Parish of Speke!, All Saints Church Speke, retrieved 6 October 2007
- ↑ The Watts, National Trust, retrieved 29 October 2008
- ↑ Unit History of Liverpool, A Vision Of Britain Through Time, retrieved 22 August 2007
- ↑ "Pharmaceuticals". Bionow. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
- ↑ The New Mersey Retail Park, British Land, retrieved 3 July 2006
- ↑ Making A Big Splash!, BBC Liverpool, 18 December 2003, retrieved 12 September 2007
- ↑ Repaired Wave sculpture returns, BBC News, 7 June 2005, retrieved 12 September 2007
- ↑ "Estuary Banks Liverpool". Estuary Banks Liverpool. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
- ↑ "Business First takes 80,000 sq ft in Speke". Insider Media Ltd. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
- ↑ "The Speke Centre". Completely Retail. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
- ↑ "Planning Explorer". Liverpool.gov.uk. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
- ↑ "Shop Direct's review hits jobs". Manchester Evening News. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Speke. |
- Liverpool Street Gallery - Liverpool 24
- The Effect of Sir Ebenezer Howard and the Garden City Movement on Twentieth Century Town Planning