Spiral bacteria

Campylobacter jejuni is a spiral shaped bacterium.

Spiral bacteria, bacteria of spiral (helical) shape, form the third major morphological category of prokaryotes along with the rod-shaped bacilli and round cocci.^[1]^[2] Spiral bacteria can be subclassified by the number of twists per cell, cell thickness, cell flexibility, and motility.

Spirillum

A spirillum (plural spirilla) is a rigid spiral bacterium that is Gram-negative and frequently amphitrichous or lophotrichous. Examples include:

Members of the genus Spirillum
Campylobacter species, such as Campylobacter jejuni, a foodborne pathogen that causes campylobacteriosis
Helicobacter species, such as Helicobacter pylori, a cause of peptic ulcers which are the strongest known factor to increase the risk of gastric cancer

Spirochete

A spirochete (plural spirochetes) is a very thin, elongate, flexible, spiral bacteria that is motile via endoflagella. Owing to their morphological properties, spirochetes are difficult to Gram-stain but may be visualized using dark field microscopy or Warthin–Starry stain.^[3] Examples include:

Members of the phylum Spirochaetes
Leptospira species, which cause leptospirosis.
Borrelia species, such as Borrelia burgdorferi, a tick-borne bacterium that causes Lyme disease
Treponema species, such as Treponema pallidum, subspecies of which causes treponematoses, including syphilis

Vibrio

A vibrio (plural vibrios) is a member of the genus Vibrio, containing Gram-negative, comma-shaped rods with a partial twist. Examples include:

Vibrio cholerae, a marine bacterium that causes cholera (with severe diarrhea)
Vibrio fluvialis, a marine bacterium that causes another infectious diarrhea

References

↑ Csuros, Maria; Csuros, Csaba (1999). Microbiological Examination of Water and Wastewater. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. pp. 16–17. ISBN 9781566701792.
↑ Young, Kevin D. (September 2006). "The Selective Value of Bacterial Shape". Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews. 70 (3): 660–703. doi:10.1128/MMBR.00001-06. PMC 1594593. PMID 16959965. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
↑ Humphrey, Peter A.; Dehner, Louis P.; Pfeifer, John D., eds. (2008). "Chapter 53: Histology and histochemical stains". The Washington Manual of Surgical Pathology. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 680. ISBN 9780781765275.

Microbiology: Bacteria

Medical
microbiology

Biochemistry
and ecology

Oxygen preference	Aerobic Obligate Anaerobic Facultative Obligate Microaerophile Nanaerobe Aerotolerant

Other	Microbial metabolism Primary nutritional groups Nitrogen fixation Microbial ecology Human flora Gut flora Skin flora Vaginal flora Substrate preference Lipophilic Saccharophilic

Morphology:
Shapes

Morphology:
Structures

Cell envelope	Cell membrane Cell wall: Peptidoglycan NAM NAG DAP Gram-positive bacteria only: Teichoic acid Lipoteichoic acid Endospore Gram-negative bacteria only: Bacterial outer membrane Porin Lipopolysaccharide Periplasmic space Mycobacteria only: Arabinogalactan Mycolic acid

Outside envelope	Bacterial capsule Slime layer S-layer Glycocalyx Pilus Fimbria

Composite	Biofilm

Bacterial
taxonomy

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