Tariff of 1832

The Tariff of 1832 (22nd Congress, session 1, ch. 227, 4 Stat. 583, enacted July 14, 1832) was a protectionist tariff in the United States. Enacted under Andrew Jackson's presidency, it was largely written by former President John Quincy Adams, who had been elected to the House of Representatives and appointed chairman of the Committee on Manufactures. It reduced the existing tariffs to remedy the conflict created by the tariff of 1828, but it was still deemed unsatisfactory by some in the South, especially in South Carolina. South Carolinian opposition to this tariff and its predecessor, the Tariff of Abominations, caused the Nullification Crisis. As a result of this crisis, the 1832 Tariff was replaced by the Compromise Tariff of 1833.

The Tariff of 1832

Enacted on July 13, 1832, this was referred to as a protectionist tariff in the United States. The purpose of this tariff was to act as remedy for the conflict created by the Tariff of 1828. Mainly, the protective Tariff of 1828 was created in such a way that it intended to protect the industry in the north. So the Tariff of 1828 was also called the Tariff of Abominations by Southern states as it seemed unfair on the part of the government to favor the North by sidelining the south. As compared to the hype created about the protective Tariff of 1832, it proved to be a far cry from fulfilling the demands of the south. Its predecessor pushed the duties on citizens which were as high as 45 percent on the value of specific manufactured goods, while 1832 act brought it down to 35%. For instance, the duty on hemp, which had been $60 a ton in 1828, was reduced to a duty of $40, as a result of compromise Tariff of 1832. Even then southerners were not happy with it. Eventually, their unrest and dissatisfaction was what led to the nullification crisis. Along with that, another bill was passed, Tariff of 1833.

Tariff of 1832 and Nullification Crisis

The southern states were displeased even after 1832. As a result, in 1833, a sectional crisis, called the Nullification Crisis happened during the presidency of Andrew Jackson. In South Carolina's Ordinance of nullification, by the power of the state, the Federal Tariffs of 1828 and 1832 were declared unconstitutional in November 1832. As a result, they were null and void within the 'sovereign' boundaries of South Carolina, because the reductions provided for in the Tariff of 1832 were too little for South Carolina. Due to the precarious economic situation during the 1820s, South Carolina was the state which had particularly borne the brunt of the economic downturn. The result was that by 1828, the politics of South Carolina increasingly revolved around the issue of tariffs. In Washington, the President and the Vice President differed on the issue. John Calhoun, the Vice President, later quit his office to defend the nullification process. In 1833, a bill authorizing the President the use of military forces against South Carolina was passed as a preemptive measure. Consequently, negotiations led to a tariff satisfactory to South Carolina being passed. Finally, South Carolina repealed its Nullification Ordinance in 1833 on March 25.

Tax Acts of the United States

Internal Revenue	1861 1862 1864 1913 1916 1917 1918 1921 1924 1926 1928 1932 1934 1935 1936 1940 1940 (2nd) 1941 1942 1943 1943 1944 1945 1948 1950 1950 1951 1954 1954 Code 1962 1964 1968 1969 1971 1975 1976 1977 1978 1981 1982 Gas Tax 1984 COBRA 1986 1986 Code 1990 1993 1996 1997 1998 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2008 Crisis 2009 2010 2012

Tariffs	1789: Hamilton I 1790: Hamilton II 1792: Hamilton III 1816: Dallas 1824: Sectional 1828: "Abominations" 1832 1833: Compromise 1842: Black 1846: Walker 1857 1861: Morrill 1872 1875 1883: Mongrel 1890: McKinley 1894: Wilson–Gorman 1897: Dingley 1909: Payne–Aldrich 1913: Underwood 1921: Emergency 1922: Fordney–McCumber 1930: Smoot–Hawley 1934: Reciprocal 1948: GATT 1962 1974/75 1979 1984 1988 1988: Canada FT 1993: NAFTA 1994: WTO 2002: Steel

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