Tropical Storm Tammy

Tropical Storm Tammy
Tropical storm (SSHWS/NWS)

Tropical Storm Tammy off the coast of Florida
Formed October 5, 2005
Dissipated October 6, 2005
Highest winds 1-minute sustained: 50 mph (85 km/h)
Lowest pressure 1001 mbar (hPa); 29.56 inHg
Fatalities 10 indirect
Damage $30 million (2005 USD)
Areas affected Bahamas, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina
Part of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season

Tropical Storm Tammy was a short lived tropical storm during October in the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season which caused minor damage to the southeastern United States. More significant, however, were its remnants, which contributed to the Northeast U.S. flooding of October 2005.

Tropical Storm Tammy formed from a non-tropical system off the Florida coast on October 5. It moved north just offshore before making landfall later that day. The tropical storm rapidly weakened as it moved overland and dissipated the next day. Its remnant circulation moved south towards the Gulf of Mexico, while the moisture was absorbed by a northeasterly moving cold front. There were no fatalities directly related to Tammy; however, ten people were killed by the remnants of the storm in combination with the remnants of Subtropical Depression Twenty-Two. Total damages from the storm were $30 million.

Meteorological history

Map plotting the track and intensity of the storm according to the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale

A tropical wave left the western coast of Africa on September 24 and crossed the Atlantic without any development. The wave began to develop on October 2 north of the Lesser Antilles when it encountered an upper level trough. It strengthened as it passed through the Bahamas and early on October 5 a vigorous tropical disturbance formed.[1] As the system already had tropical-storm force winds, it was immediately named Tropical Storm Tammy. Upon being classified, the system was poorly organized, with deep convection only persisting to the northeast of the center of circulation. Tropical storm-force winds were presumed to be located underneath the convection as ship reports nearby the system only reported winds up to 35 mph (55 km/h). Tammy quickly tracked towards the northwest in a southerly flow between a mid to upper-level low over the Gulf of Mexico and a ridge located over the western Atlantic Ocean.[2] Later that day, a reconnaissance flight into the storm recorded flight level winds of 61 mph (98 km/h), which corresponds to surface winds of 50 mph (85 km/h). However, small areas of 60 mph (95 km/h) to 65 mph (100 km/h) were reported by the crew members of the aircraft.[3] At 6:30 pm EST (2300 UTC), the storm made landfall with winds of 50 mph (85 km/h) near Atlantic Beach, Florida.[1] The tropical storm then moved inland over Georgia[4] and into southeastern Alabama near Ozark,[5] where it lost its circulation on October 6.[1]

The remnant low drifted south towards the Gulf of Mexico before being absorbed by a cold front (which also picked remnants of Subtropical Depression Twenty-two), and moving northeast. This cold front, of which Tammy's remnants were a part, affected much of the Northeastern United States over the next few days.[1][6]

Preparations

Radar image of Tropical Storm Tammy, 1834Z 5 October 2005.

Tropical Storm Tammy surprised forecasters when it formed on October 5.[1] Because they had not expected the disturbance to develop, warnings were not issued until about 12 hours before the storm made landfall.[7][8] Despite the short warning, tourists and business travelers cancelled flights as the storm neared landfall.[9] Upon the storm developing, a tropical storm warning was immediately issued for the coast from Cocoa Beach, Florida to the Santee River, South Carolina.[7]

The U.S. Department of Homeland Security's U.S. Coast Guard, 7th District issued an advisory to mariners, warning them to prepare for the storm and avoid the ocean if possible.[10] In Georgia, the National Park Service evacuated the residents of Cumberland Island and closed the ferry which services it. The Glynn County Emergency Operations Agency monitored and prepared for Tropical Storm Tammy's landfall, however the poor warning hampered their efforts. Residents all over the state expressed frustration at the lack of time they had to prepare.[11] When Tammy moved inland 12 hours later[8] the southern end of the warning zone moved north to Altamaha Sound, Georgia before all warnings were discontinued on October 6.[1]

Impact

Rainfall totals from Tammy

Tropical Storm Tammy caused minor damage. Its highest sustained winds were 50 mph (80 km/h) and its strongest recorded wind gust was 60 mph (97 km/h).[1] The winds produced no significant damage, but did disrupt power to 16,500  utility customers[12] and delayed the Trysail College Regatta.[13] Lightning produced by a thunderstorm in Broward County, Florida struck three teenagers during a football game in Coconut Creek, killing one and injuring the other two.[14]

To most areas in north Florida and southern Georgia, Tammy brought 3 to 5 in (76 to 127 mm) of rain, though some isolated areas received 10 inches (250 mm).[15] In Georgia, flooding damaged over 30 homes in Brunswick.[16] Several dirt and coastal roads were washed out,[15] and sewers overflowed as far north as Baltimore County, Maryland.[17] Two small pond dams burst, including a 173-year-old wooden dam, but new stone dams were constructed in place before the old ones failed.[12] Conversely, Tammy's rains were beneficial in South Carolina, where they helped alleviate dry conditions[18] after a rainless September.[19]

Tammy's storm surge was approximately 2 to 4 ft (0.61 to 1.22 m) and caused salt-water flooding along the coast of northeastern Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina.[20] The surge damages boardwalks along the coast, and wave action causes over 2 feet (0.6 m) of beach erosion.[1] In addition to the flooding, Tropical Storm Tammy spawned one tornado.[21] Rated an F0 tornado, it touched down near Brunswick, Georgia were it snapped trees and caused moderate roof damage along its 2 mi (3.2 km) path.[22] The storm's total damage was estimated at around $30 million (2005 USD).[1] The outer bands of Tammy brought heavy rains, peaking around 7 in (180 mm) in places,[23] and caused significant beach erosion. Winds along the coastline gusted up to 59 mph (95 km/h), downing numerous trees. The worst damage occurred in Beaufort County where 30 trees were downed, one of which fell on a home. Rough seas undermined several beach homes and caused one to be condemned.[24]

Aftermath, naming and records

A Red Cross shelter at Seldon Park, Brunswick, Georgia, opened for two days following the storm to temporarily house those whose houses were flooded.[25] Tammy's remnant low was absorbed a larger extratropical low which tracked north and contributed to the Northeast U.S. flooding of October 2005, which killed ten people and caused significant damage.[1] As a result of the flooding, the Federal Emergency Management Agency paid $44 million in losses.[26]

Shrimpers in the Carolinas blamed high fuel prices and the disruption of Tropical Storm Tammy for some of the troubles facing the shrimping industry in 2005. Rising fuel prices and dwindling demand has already created tough conditions that year, but the disruption of several days' fishing due to Tammy escalated the situation.[27]

When Tropical Storm Tammy formed on October 5, it was the earliest ever in the season that the twentieth storm formed,[28] beating the previous record held by Storm 20 of the 1933 season by 21 days.[29]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Stacy R. Stewart (2006-01-28). "Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Tammy" (PDF). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-09-30.
  2. ↑ Knabb (October 5, 2005). "Tropical Storm Tammy Special Discussion One". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved April 12, 2009.
  3. ↑ Franklin (October 5, 2005). "Tropical Storm Tammy Discussion Three". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved April 12, 2009.
  4. ↑ Knabb (2005-10-06). "Tropical Storm Tammy Advisory Number 5". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-09-29.
  5. ↑ Franklin (2005-10-06). "Tropical Storm Tammy Advisory Number 6". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-09-29.
  6. ↑ National Hurricane Center. "Discussion for Tropical Storm Tammy, 11 a.m. EDT, October 6, 2005". NOAA. Retrieved May 10, 2006.
  7. 1 2 Knabb (2005-10-05). "Tropical Storm Tammy Special Advisory Number 1". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
  8. 1 2 Avila (2005-10-05). "Tropical Storm Tammy Intermediate Advisory Number 3A". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
  9. ↑ Associated Press (October 5, 2009). "Tropical Storm Tammy Slams Into Florida". Fox News. Retrieved April 12, 2009.
  10. ↑ Petty Officer Bobby Nash (2005-10-05). "Coast Guard Urges Mariners to Prepare for Tammy". Office of Public Affairs, U.S. Coast Guard Seventh District. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
  11. ↑ Staff Writer (2005-10-05). "Ga. Residents, Officials Brace For Tammy". News 4 Georgia. Archived from the original on 2011-05-24. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
  12. 1 2 Staff Writers (2008-10-22). "Tammy recap". Palm Beach Post. Retrieved 2008-09-29.
  13. ↑ Marcy Trenholm (2008-10-11). "Tropical Storm Tammy Challenges Trysail College Regatta". Larchmont Gazette. Retrieved 2008-09-30.
  14. ↑ "NCDC Event Report: Florida Lightning". National Climatic Data Center. 2006. Retrieved April 13, 2009.
  15. 1 2 Russ Bynum (2005-10-06). "Tropical Storm Tammy brings heavy rain, gusts to Georgia". San Diego Union-Tribune. Retrieved 2008-09-29.
  16. ↑ Associated Press (2005-10-07). "Tammy causes flooding in south Georgia". St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved 2008-09-29.
  17. ↑ Staff Writer (2008-10-09). "Sewers Overwhelmed by Tropical Storm Tammy". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 2008-09-30.
  18. ↑ Rowland Alston (2005-10-16). "Dry Gardens Finally get a Soaking". The State. p. G3. Retrieved 2008-10-30.
  19. ↑ Computer Generated (2005-10-01). "History for KSCCLEMS1". Weather Underground. Retrieved 2008-09-30.
  20. ↑ "NCDC Event Report: Georgia Tropical Storm". National Climatic Data Center. 2006. Retrieved April 13, 2009.
  21. ↑ Tom Grazulis; Bill McCaul (2007). "List of Known Tropical Cyclones Which Have Spawned Tornadoes". The Tornado Project. Retrieved 2008-09-29.
  22. ↑ "NCDC Event Report: Georgia Tornado". National Climatic Data Center. 2006. Retrieved April 13, 2009.
  23. ↑ David M. Roth (2005). "Tropical Storm Tammy Rainfall". Hydrometeorlogical Prediction Center. Retrieved April 13, 2009.
  24. ↑ "NCDC Event Report: South Carolina Tropical Storm". National Climatic Data Center. 2006. Retrieved April 13, 2009.
  25. ↑ Associated Press (October 7, 2005). "Flooding Continues Two Days After Tropical Storm Moves On". News4Jax. Archived from the original on May 24, 2011. Retrieved September 29, 2008.
  26. ↑ FEMA (August 11, 2008). "FEMA: Significant Flood Events". FEMA. Archived from the original on February 1, 2008. Retrieved August 20, 2008.
  27. ↑ Kelly Marshall (October 9, 2008). "Experts: Local shrimpers face another tough year". The Sun News. Retrieved September 20, 2008.
  28. ↑ Staff Writer (2005-10-12). "National Weather: Heavy Snow Dropped On Northern Plains". Vance Publishing. Retrieved 2008-09-29.
  29. ↑ Richard J. Pasch; Edward N. Rappaport (1993-06-02). "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1993" (PDF). Retrieved 2008-09-29.
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