Apple Inc. v. Samsung Electronics Co.

Apple Inc. v. Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. was the first of a series of ongoing lawsuits between Apple Inc. and Samsung Electronics regarding the design of smartphones and tablet computers; between them, the companies made more than half of smartphones sold worldwide as of July 2012.[1] In the spring of 2011, Apple began litigating against Samsung in patent infringement suits, while Apple and Motorola Mobility were already engaged in a patent war on several fronts.[2] Apple's multinational litigation over technology patents became known as part of the mobile device "smartphone patent wars": extensive litigation in fierce competition in the global market for consumer mobile communications.[3] By August 2011, Apple and Samsung were litigating 19 ongoing cases in nine countries; by October, the legal disputes expanded to ten countries.[4][5] By July 2012, the two companies were still embroiled in more than 50 lawsuits around the globe, with billions of dollars in damages claimed between them.[6] While Apple won a ruling in its favor in the U.S., Samsung won rulings in South Korea, Japan, and the UK. On June 4, 2013, Samsung won a limited ban from the U.S. International Trade Commission on sales of certain Apple products after the commission found Apple had violated a Samsung patent,[7] but this was vetoed by U.S. Trade Representative Michael Froman.[8]

Origin

193 iPhone GUI images filed by Apple on June 23, 2007 in color design patent USD604305.[9]

On January 4, 2007, 4 days before the iPhone was introduced to the world, Apple filed a suite of 4 design patents covering the basic shape of the iPhone. These were followed up in June of that year with a massive filing of a color design patent covering 193 screen shots of various iPhone graphical user interfaces. It is from these filings along with Apple's utility patents, registered trademarks and trade dress rights, that Apple selected the particular intellectual property to enforce against Samsung.[9] Apple sued its component supplier Samsung, alleging in a 38-page federal complaint on April 15, 2011 in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California that several of Samsung's Android phones and tablets, including the Nexus S, Epic 4G, Galaxy S 4G, and the Samsung Galaxy Tab, infringed on Apple’s intellectual property: its patents, trademarks, user interface and style.[10] Apple's complaint included specific federal claims for patent infringement, false designation of origin, unfair competition, and trademark infringement, as well as state-level claims for unfair competition, common law trademark infringement, and unjust enrichment.[2][11]

Apple's evidence submitted to the court included side-by-side image comparisons of iPhone 3GS and i9000 Galaxy S to illustrate the alleged similarities in packaging and icons for apps. However, the images were later found to have been tampered with in order to make the dimensions and features of the two different products seem more similar, and counsel for Samsung accused Apple of submitting misleading evidence to the court.[10][12]

Samsung counter-sued Apple on April 22, 2011, filing federal complaints in courts in Seoul, Tokyo and Mannheim, Germany, alleging Apple infringed Samsung's patents for mobile-communications technologies.[13] By summer, Samsung also filed suits against Apple in the British High Court of Justice, in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware, and with the United States International Trade Commission (ITC) in Washington D.C., all in June 2011.[4][14]

South Korean courts

In Seoul, Samsung filed its lawsuit in April 2011 in the Central District Court citing five patent infringements.[13][15] In late August 2012, a three-judge panel in Seoul Central District Court delivered a split decision, ruling that Apple had infringed upon two Samsung technology patents, while Samsung violated one of Apple's patents. The court awarded small damages to both companies and ordered a temporary sales halt of the infringing products in South Korea; however, none of the banned products were the latest models of either Samsung or Apple.[16]

The court ruled that Samsung violated one of Apple’s utility patents, over the so-called "bounce-back" effect in iOS, and that Apple was in violation of two of Samsung’s wireless patents. Apple’s claims that Samsung copied the designs of the iPhone and iPad were deemed invalid.[16] The court also ruled that there was "no possibility" that consumers would confuse the smartphones of the two brands, and that Samsung's smartphone icons did not infringe upon Apple's patents.[17]

Japanese courts

Samsung's complaint in Japan's Tokyo District Court cited two infringements.[13][15] Apple has filed other patent suits in Japan against Samsung, most notably one for the "bounce-back" feature. Samsung has also sued Apple, claiming the iPhone and iPad infringe on Samsung patents.

On August 31, 2012, The Tokyo District Court ruled that Samsung’s Galaxy smartphones and tablets did not violate an Apple patent on technology that synchronizes music and videos between devices and servers.[18] The three-judge panel in Japan also awarded legal costs to be reimbursed to Samsung. Presiding Judge Tamotsu Shoji said: "The defendant's products do not seem like they used the same technology as the plaintiff's products so we turn down the complaints made by [Apple]." An unnamed spokesperson for Samsung said: "[We will] continue to offer highly innovative products to consumers, and continue our contributions toward the mobile industry's development."[19]

German courts

In August 2011, the Landgericht court in Düsseldorf, Germany granted Apple's request for an EU-wide preliminary injunction barring Samsung from selling its Galaxy Tab 10.1 device on the grounds Samsung's product infringed on two of Apple's interface patents. After Samsung's allegations of evidence tampering were heard, the court rescinded the EU-wide injunction and granted Apple a lesser injunction that only applied to the German market.[20][21] Samsung also pulled the Galaxy Tab 7.7 from Berlin's IFA electronics fair due to the ruling preventing marketing of the device, before the court was set to make its ruling in September 2011.[22][23] According to an estimate by Strategy Analytics, the impact on Samsung, in Germany, could have cost up to half a million unit sales.[24] In the same time period and in similar cases of related legal strategy, Apple filed contemporaneous suits against Motorola with regard to the Xoom and against German consumer electronics reseller JAY-tech in the same German court, both for design infringement claims seeking preliminary injunctions.[25][26]

On September 9, 2011, the German court ruled in favor of Apple, with a sales ban on the Galaxy Tab 10.1.[27] The court found that Samsung had infringed Apple's patents.[27] Presiding judge Johanna Brueckner-Hofmann said there was a "clear impression of similarity". Samsung would appeal the decision.[27]

In March 2012, the Mannheim state court judges dismissed both the Apple and Samsung cases involving ownership of the "slide-to-unlock" feature used on their respective smartphones.[28] The New York Times reported the German courts were at the center of patent fights among technology company rivals.[29] In July 2012, the Munich Higher Regional Court Oberlandesgericht München affirmed the lower Regional Court's denial of Apple's motion for a preliminary injunction on Apple's allegation that Samsung infringed Apple's "overscroll bounce" patent; the appellate court's appealable ruling affirmed the lower court's February decision doubting the validity of Apple's patent.[30] On September 21, Mannheim Regional Court ruled in favour of Samsung in that it did not violate Apple’s patented features in regards to touch-screen technology.[31]

French and Italian courts

Shortly after the release of the iPhone 4S, Samsung filed motions for injunctions in courts in Paris and Milan to block further Apple iPhone sales in France and Italy, claiming the iPhone infringed on two separate patents of the Wideband Code Division Multiple Access standard.[32][33][34] Samsung reportedly singled out the French and Italian markets as key electronic communications markets in Europe, and by filing suit in a different court, avoided going back to the German court where it had lost a round earlier in its battle with Apple.[35]

Dutch courts

Apple initially sued Samsung on grounds of patent infringement, specifically European patents 2.059.868, 2.098.948, and 1.964.022. On the 24th of October, 2011, a court in the Hague ruled only a photo gallery app in Android 2.3 was indeed infringing a patent (EP 2.059.868), resulting in an import ban of three Samsung telephones (the Galaxy S, Galaxy S II, and Ace) running the infringing software.[36] Phones operating more recent versions of Android remained unaffected. This made the import and sale of the banned phone models with updated software still legal. This ruling was widely interpreted as a favourable one for Samsung, and an appeal by Apple may still be forthcoming.[37]

On September 26, 2011, Samsung counter-sued and asked the court for an injunction on sale Apple's iPad and iPhones, on the grounds that Apple does not have the licenses to use 3G mobile technology.[38] On October 14, the court ruled, denying the sales ban and stating that because 3G was an industry standard, Samsung's licensing offer had to meet FRAND (fair, reasonable and nondiscriminatory) terms.[39] The court found that Samsung's fee was unreasonable, but noted that, if the companies cannot make a fair and reasonable licensing fee, Samsung could open a new case against Apple.[39]

In late October 2011, the civil court in The Hague ruled for Apple in rejecting Samsung's infringement arguments and denied Samsung's motion made there; Samsung appealed the decision and in January 2012, the Dutch appeals court overruled the civil court decision, rejecting Apple's claim that Samsung's Galaxy Tab 10.1 infringed its design rights.[40][41]

Australian courts

Also in early 2011, an Australian federal court granted Apple's request for an injunction against Samsung's Galaxy Tab 10.1. Samsung agreed to an expedited appeal of the Australian decision in the hope that if it won its appeal before Christmas, it might salvage holiday sales that it would otherwise lose.[5] Ultimately, the injunction Apple sought to block the Tab 10.1 was denied by the High Court of Australia. In July 2012 an Australian judge started hearing the companies' evidence for a trial anticipated to take three months.[42]

British courts

Samsung applied to the High Court of Justice, Chancery Division, in Samsung Electronics (UK) Limited & Anr v. Apple Inc., for a declaration that its Galaxy tablets were not too similar to Apple's products. Apple counterclaimed, but Samsung prevailed after a British judge ruled Samsung's Galaxy tablets were not similar enough to be confused with Apple’s iPad.[43] In July 2012, British judge Birss denied Samsung's motion for an injunction blocking Apple from publicly stating that the Galaxy infringed Apple's design rights, but ordered Apple to publish a disclaimer on Apple's own website and in the media that Samsung did not copy the iPad.[44][45] The judge stayed the publishing order, however, until Apple's appeal was heard in October 2012.[46] When the case reached the court of appeal, the previous ruling was supported, meaning that Apple is required to publish a disclaimer on Apple's own website and in the media that Samsung did not copy the iPad.[47]

U.S. courts

First U.S. trial

In two separate lawsuits,[48][49] Apple accused Samsung of infringing on three utility patents (United States Patent Nos. 7,469,381, 7,844,915, and 7,864,163) and four design patents (United States Patent Nos. D504,889, D593,087, D618,677, and D604,305). Samsung accused Apple of infringing on United States Patent Nos. 7,675,941, 7,447,516, 7,698,711, 7,577,460, and 7,456,893.[50] One 2005 design patent "at the heart of the dispute is Design Patent 504,889",[51] which consists of a one-sentence claim about the ornamental design of an electronic device, accompanied by nine figures depicting a thin rectangular cuboid with rounded corners.[52] A U.S. jury trial was scheduled for July 30, 2012[2] and calendared by the court through September 7, 2012. Both Phil Schiller and Scott Forstall testified on the Apple v. Samsung trial.[53][54]

First trial verdict

On August 24, 2012 the jury returned a verdict largely favorable to Apple. It found that Samsung had willfully infringed on Apple's design and utility patents and had also diluted Apple's trade dresses related to the iPhone. The jury awarded Apple $1.049 billion in damages and Samsung zero damages in its counter suit.[55] The jury found Samsung infringed Apple's patents on iPhone's "Bounce-Back Effect" (US Patent No. 7,469,381), "On-screen Navigation" (US Patent No. 7,844,915), and "Tap To Zoom" (US Patent No. 7,864,163), and design patents that covers iPhone's features such as the "home button, rounded corners and tapered edges" (US D593087) and "On-Screen Icons" (US D604305).[56] Design Patent 504,889 (describing the ornamental design of the iPad) was one of the few patents the jury concluded Samsung had not infringed.[57][58] This amount is functionally reduced by the bond posted by Apple for the injunction granted during the trial (see below).

On October 23, 2012, U.S. Patent and Trademark Office tentatively invalidated Apple's bounce back patent (US Patent No. '381) possibly affecting the ruling in the Apple v. Samsung trial.[59] Apple's attorneys filed a request to stop all sales of the Samsung products cited in violation of the US patents, a motion denied by Judge Lucy H. Koh on December 17, 2012,[60] who also decided that the jury had miscalculated US$400 million in its initial damage assessment and ordered a retrial.[61]

Injunction of U.S. sales during first trial

The injunction Apple sought in the U.S. to block Samsung smartphones such as the Infuse 4G and the Droid Charge was denied. Judge Koh ruled that Apple's claims of irreparable harm had little merit because although Apple established a likelihood of success at trial on the merits of its claim that Samsung infringed one of its tablet patents, Apple had not shown that it could overcome Samsung's challenges to the patent's validity.[62][63][64]

Apple appealed Judge Koh's ruling, and on May 14, 2012, the appeals court reversed and ordered Judge Koh to issue the injunction.[65] The preliminary injunction was granted in June 2012, preventing Samsung from making, using, offering to sell, selling, or importing into the U.S. the Galaxy Nexus and any other of its technology making use of the disputed patent.[66] Simultaneously, Apple was ordered to post a US$95.6 million bond in the event that Samsung prevailed at trial.[66]

Following the trial, in which the Nexus was found not to infringe Apple's patents, Samsung filed an appeal to remove the preliminary injunction.[67][68] On October 11, 2012, the appeals court agreed and vacated the injunction.[68]

A new hearing was held in March 2014, in which Apple sought to prevent Samsung from selling some of its current devices in U.S.[61] At the hearing, Judge Koh ruled against a permanent injunction.[69]

First trial appeal

There was an interview given by the jury foreman,[70] where, at the 3 minute mark in the video, the jury foreman Hogan said: "the software on the Apple side could not be placed into the processor on the prior art and vice versa, and that means they are not interchangeable," and at the 2:42-2:45 minute mark, in which Hogan states "each patent had a different legal premise." Groklaw reported that this interview indicates the jury may have awarded inconsistent damages and ignored the instructions given to them.[71] In an article on Gigaom, Jeff John Roberts contended that the case suggests that juries should not be allowed to rule on patent cases at all.[72] Scott McKeown, however, suggested that Hogan's comment may have been poorly phrased.[73]

Some have claimed that there are a few oddities with Samsung's U.S. Patent discussed by Hogan during the interview, specifically that the '460 patent has only one claim.[74] Most US patents have between 10 - 20 separate claims,[75] most of which are dependent claims.[76] This patent was filed as a division of an earlier application, possibly in anticipation of litigation, which may explain the reduced number of claims. The specifics of this patent have not been discussed in the Groklaw review or the McKeown review because most believe that the foreman misspoke when he mentioned the number of the patent in question; a more detailed interview with the BBC [77] made it clear that the patent(s) relevant to the prior art controversy were owned by Apple, not Samsung, meaning that his mention of the "460 patent" was a mistake.

On Friday, September 21, 2012, Samsung requested a new trial from the judge in San Jose arguing that the verdict was not supported by evidence or testimony, that the judge imposed limits on testimony time and the number of witnesses prevented Samsung from receiving a fair trial, and that the jury verdict was unreasonable. Apple filed papers on September 21 and 22, 2012 seeking a further amount of interest and damages totaling $707 million. A hearing has been scheduled in U.S. District Court on December 6, 2012 to discuss these and other issues.[78]

On October 2, 2012, Samsung appealed the decision to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, requesting that Apple's victory be thrown out, claiming that the foreman of the jury had not disclosed that he had been sued by Seagate Technology Inc., his former employer, and which has a strategic relationship with Samsung, despite having been asked during jury selection if he had been involved in lawsuits. Samsung also claimed that the foreman had not revealed a past personal bankruptcy. The foreman responded that he had been asked whether he had been asked during jury selection whether he had been involved in any lawsuits during the past 10 years, so that the events claimed by Samsung occurred before that time frame,[79] although his claim is not consistent with the actual question he was asked by the Judge.[80] Apple has similarly appealed the decision vacating the injunction on Samsung's sales.

As of December 2014, appeals in the first case remain ongoing. Leading up to a December 4, 2014 hearing at the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, Samsung had noted that the USPTO had released preliminary and/or final findings of invalidity against some of the patents relevant to the first case, namely the so-called pinch-to-zoom patent 7,844,915.[81] Samsung argued for, at the very least, a recalculation of the damages they owe in the case. Samsung is seeking a re-trial at the District Court. Apple has not yet conceded the invalidity of the patents in question, and several options remain for them to appeal the USPTO's decisions.[82]

First trial controversy

The ruling in the landmark patent case raised controversies over the impact on the consumers and the smartphone industry. The jury's decision was described as being 'Apple-friendly' by Wired and a possible reason for the increased costs— because of licensing fees to Apple—that subsequently affected Android smartphone users.[83] A question was also raised about the validity of lay juries in the U.S. patent system, whereby the qualifications of the jury members were deemed inadequate for a complex patent case;[84] however, it was later revealed that the jury foreman Velvin Hogan was an electrical engineer and a patent holder himself. Hogan's post-verdict interviews with numerous media outlets raised a great deal of controversy over his role as the jury foreman. He told Bloomberg TV that his experience with patents had helped to guide the jurors’ decisions in the trial.[85][86] A juror Manuel Ilagan said in an interview with CNET a day after the verdict that "Hogan was jury foreman. He had experience. He owned patents himself … so he took us through his experience. After that it was easier."[87] As the jury instructions stated that jurors can make decisions based solely on the law as instructed and "not based on your understanding of the law based on your own cases," controversy was consequently generated.[88]

Hogan also told the Reuters news agency that the jury wanted to make sure the message it sent was not just a "slap on the wrist" and wanted to make sure it was sufficiently high to be painful, but not unreasonable.[89] His remark does not corroborate with jury instructions that state: "the damages award should put the patent holder in approximately the financial position it would have been in had the infringement not occurred" and "it is meant to compensate the patent holder and not to punish an infringer."[88] Samsung appealed against the decision, claiming jury misconduct, and Samsung can be given a new trial if the appeal court finds that there was juror misconduct.[90]

Other questions were raised about the jury's quick decision. The jury was given more than 700 questions, including highly technical matters, to reach the verdict and awarded Apple more than US$1 billion in damages after less than three days of deliberations.[91] Critics claimed that the nine jurors did not have sufficient time to read the jury instructions.[92][93] A juror stated in an interview with CNET that the jury decided after the first day of deliberations that Samsung was in the wrong.[87]

Retrial of damages amount from first U.S. trial

In a damage-only retrial court session on November 13, 2013, ordered in relation to the first U.S. trial by Judge Koh in December 2012, Samsung Electronics stated in a San Jose, U.S. courtroom that Apple's hometown jury found Samsung copied some elements of Apple's design. Samsung's attorney clarified the purpose of the damage-only retrial and stated, "This is a case not where we're disputing that the 13 phones contain some elements of Apple's property," but the company disputed the US$379.8 million amount that Apple claimed that it is owed in the wake of Samsung's —Samsung presented a figure of US$52 million.

On November 21, 2013 the jury awarded a new figure of US$290 million. The following devices were the concern of the retrial: Captivate, Continuum, Droid Charge, Epic 4G, Exhibit 4G, Galaxy Prevail, Galaxy Tab, Gem, Indulge, Infuse 4G, Nexus S 4G, Replenish, and Transform.[61][94]

Second U.S. trial

Apple filed a new U.S. lawsuit in February 2012, asserting Samsung's violation of five Apple patents. The products being cited are: Admire, Galaxy Nexus, Galaxy Note, Galaxy Note II, Galaxy SII, Galaxy SII Epic 4G Touch, Galaxy SII Skyrocket, Galaxy SIII, Galaxy Tab II 10.1, and Stratosphere. Samsung has responded with a counterclaim, in which it states that two patents for nine phones and tablets have been infringed on by Apple. The products that Samsung is citing are: iPhone 4, iPhone 4S, iPhone 5, iPad 2, iPad 3, iPad 4, iPad mini, iPod touch (5th generation), iPod touch (4th generation), and MacBook Pro. Samsung stands to gain US$6 million if the jury rules in its favor, while Apple is seeking US$2 billion in damages and could proceed with similar lawsuits against other Android handset makers, as the relevant patent issues extend beyond Samsung's software technology.[95]

The second trial was scheduled for March 2014 and jury selection occurred on March 31, 2014.[96] Judge Koh referred to the new lawsuit as "one action in a worldwide constellation of litigation between the two companies."[95]

The trial began in early April and decision was delivered on May 2, 2014 and Samsung was instructed to pay US$119.6 million to Apple for smartphone patent violations, a compensatory amount that was termed a "big loss" by the Guardian "Technology" team—the media outlet described the victory as "pyrrhic." The jury found that Samsung had infringed upon two Apple patents and Brian Love, assistant professor at the Santa Clara University law school, explained: "This amount is less than 10% of the amount Apple requested, and probably doesn't surpass by too much the amount Apple spent litigating this case." Apple's official response was a reaffirmation that "Samsung willfully stole" from the Cupertino, US-based corporation; however, Apple’s lawyers claimed that a technical mistake has been made by the jury and Koh ordered the jurors to return on May 5, 2014 to resolve an issue that is potentially worth several hundred thousand dollars.[97]

The jury also found Apple guilty of infringing one of Samsung’s patents and the South Korean corporation, which had initially sought US$6 million of damages, was awarded US$158,400. In the wake of the verdict, Judge Koh will be responsible for deciding whether a sales ban of Samsung products will be implemented, a decision that was deemed highly unlikely by legal experts, such as Rutgers Law School's Michael Carrier, after the verdict announcement.[97]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Chellel, Kit (July 9, 2012). "Samsung Wins U.K. Apple Ruling Over 'Not As Cool' Galaxy Tab". Bloomberg. Retrieved July 27, 2012.
  2. 1 2 3 "Apple Inc. v. Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. et al.". United States District Court, Northern District of California. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
  3. ↑ Barrett, Paul M. (March 29, 2012). "Apple's War on Android". Bloomberg Businessweek. Bloomberg. Retrieved March 29, 2012.
  4. 1 2 Albanesius, Chloe (September 14, 2011). "Every Place Samsung and Apple Are Suing Each Other". PC Magazine. Ziff Davis. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
  5. 1 2 Pyett, Amy; Feast, Lincoln; Davies, Ed (October 27, 2011). "Australian court to fast-track Samsung appeal on tablet ban". Reuters. Sydney: Thomson Reuters. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
  6. ↑ Mueller, Florian (July 24, 2012). "Apple seeks $2.5 billion in damages from Samsung, offers half a cent per standard-essential patent". FOSS Patents. Retrieved July 28, 2012.
  7. ↑ "U.S. ITC says Apple infringes Samsung patent, bans some products". Reuters. 2013-06-04.
  8. ↑ "RE: Disapproval of the U.S. International Trade Commission's Determination in the Matter of Certain electronic Devices, Including Wireless Communication Devices, Portable Music and Data Processing Devices, and Table Computers, Investigation No. 337-TA-794" (PDF). Office of the United States Trade Representative. August 3, 2013. Retrieved August 4, 2013.
  9. 1 2 Nowotarski, Mark, " The Power of Portfolio: Strong Design Patents III ", IP Watchdog, 23 August 2013
  10. 1 2 Kane, Yukari Iwatani; Sherr, Ian (April 19, 2011). "Apple: Samsung Copied Design". The Wall Street Journal. Dow Jones & Company. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
  11. ↑ Patel, Nilay (April 19, 2011). "Apple sues Samsung: a complete lawsuit analysis". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
  12. ↑
    See also:
  13. 1 2 3 Yang, Jun (April 22, 2011). "Samsung Sues Apple On Patent-Infringement Claims As Legal Dispute Deepens". Bloomberg. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
  14. ↑ Larson, Erik (June 30, 2011). "Samsung Sues Apple in U.K. Following U.S. IPhone Patent Suit". Bloomberg Businessweek. Bloomberg. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
  15. 1 2 Slind-Flor, Victoria (October 18, 2011). "HTC, Samsung, Lodsys, Microsoft: Intellectual Property". Bloomberg Businessweek. Bloomberg. Retrieved August 12, 2012.
  16. 1 2 Bonnington, Christina (August 24, 2012). "South Korean Court Rules Apple and Samsung Both Owe One Another Damages". Wired. Wired. Retrieved September 23, 2012.
  17. ↑ "South Korea Court Says Samsung, Apple Infringed Each Other's Patents". The Wall Street Journal. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved September 23, 2012.
  18. ↑ Tabuchi, Hiroko, and Wingfield, Nick, Tokyo Court Hands Win to Samsung Over Apple, The New York Times, nytimes.com, August 31, 2012. Accessed December 22, 2012.
  19. ↑ "Japan rules for Samsung in Apple battle - Asia-Pacific". Al Jazeera English. August 20, 2012. Retrieved December 23, 2012.
  20. ↑ Foresman, Chris (August 9, 2011). "Apple stops Samsung, wins EU-wide injunction against Galaxy Tab 10.1". Ars Technica. Condé Nast Digital. Retrieved August 12, 2012.
  21. ↑ Jin, Hyunjoo; Gupta, Poornima (August 10, 2011). "Apple blocks Samsung's Galaxy tablet in EU". Reuters Canada. Thomson Reuters. Retrieved August 12, 2012.
  22. ↑ Samsung pulls tablet computer from German fair, AP Worldstream, AP, 2011. Retrieved August 29, 2012
  23. ↑ German court bans sales of Samsung's new 7.7-inch tablet, CPI Financial, Al Bawaba (Middle East) Ltd. 2011. Retrieved August 29, 2012
  24. ↑ Samsung not to promote its new Galaxy Tab at Berlin fair, Times of Oman, (Muscat, Oman), Al Bawaba (Middle East) Ltd. 2011. Retrieved August 29, 2012.
  25. ↑ Foresman, Chris (August 10, 2011). "After Samsung win, Apple targets Motorola Xoom in German court". Ars Technica. Condé Nast Digital. Retrieved August 12, 2012.
  26. ↑ Moody, Glyn (April 12, 2012). "As Germany Becomes Europe's East Texas, Microsoft Moves Its Distribution Center". Tech Dirt. SAY Media. Retrieved April 12, 2012.
  27. 1 2 3 Apple wins key German patent case against Samsung, Khaleej Times, (Dubai, United Arab Emirates). Al Bawaba (Middle East) Ltd. 2011. Retrieved August 29, 2012.
  28. ↑ "Apple and Samsung patent cases dismissed". BBC Online. BBC. March 2, 2012. Retrieved April 18, 2012.
  29. ↑ O'Brien, Kevin J. (April 8, 2012). "German Courts at Epicenter of Global Patent Battles Among Tech Rivals". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved April 18, 2012.
  30. ↑ Mueller, Florian (July 26, 2012). "One Munich court denies an Apple injunction motion, another tosses a Microsoft lawsuit". FOSS Patents. Retrieved July 28, 2012.
  31. ↑ Yang, Jun (September 21, 2012). "Apple Loses German Court Ruling Against Samsung in Patent Suit". Bloomberg. Retrieved December 23, 2012.
  32. ↑ Albanesius, Chloe (October 5, 2011). "Samsung Wants Apple's iPhone 4S Banned in Sicily, Italy". PC Magazine. Ziff Davis. Retrieved August 12, 2012.
  33. ↑ "Samsung wants iPhone 4S banned in France and Italy". BBC Online. BBC. October 5, 2012. Retrieved August 12, 2012.
  34. ↑ Sang-Hun, Choe (October 5, 2011). "Samsung to Seek Block on iPhone in Europe". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved August 12, 2012.
  35. ↑ Ramstad, Evan (October 5, 2011). "Samsung to Seek Ban on Apple iPhone 4S in France, Italy". The Wall Street Journal. Dow Jones & Company. Retrieved October 5, 2011.
  36. ↑ Lex Boon (24 August 2011). "Rechtbank Den Haag verbiedt smartphones Samsung - 'Apple delft onderspit'". NRC. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
  37. ↑ Colin van Hoek (2 February 2012). "Apple wil alsnog Nederlands verbod op Galaxy-telefoons". Nu.nl.
  38. ↑ Corder, Mike, Samsung seeks iPhone, iPad sale ban in Dutch court, AP Worldstream, AP, 2011. Retrieved August 29, 2012.
  39. 1 2 Dutch court refuses to ban iPhone, iPad sales, AP Online, AP, 2011. Retrieved August 29, 2012.
  40. ↑ "Dutch Court Refuses Samsung's Request to Ban iPhone, iPad Sales". Law.com. ALM. The Associated Press. October 17, 2011. Retrieved August 12, 2012.
  41. ↑ "Apple loses appeal over Galaxy Tab 10.1 in Dutch court". BBC Online. BBC. January 24, 2012. Retrieved August 12, 2012.
  42. ↑ Wardell, Jane; Driskill, Matt (July 23, 2012). "Apple vs Samsung patent trial kicks off in Australia". Reuters. Thomson Reuters. Retrieved July 25, 2012.
  43. ↑ Chellel, Kit (July 9, 2012). "Samsung Wins U.K. Apple Ruling Over 'Not as Cool' Galaxy Tab". Bloomberg. Retrieved July 27, 2012.
  44. ↑ Fiegerman, Seth (July 18, 2012). "A UK Judge Is Forcing Apple To Publish On Its Website That Samsung Didn't Copy Apple". Business Insider. Retrieved July 27, 2012.
  45. ↑ Chellel, Kit (July 19, 2012). "Apple Must Publish Notice Samsung Didn't Copy IPad in U.K.". Bloomberg. Retrieved July 27, 2012.
  46. ↑ Hodges, Jeremy (July 26, 2012). "Apple Gets Stay on Posting Notice Over Samsung Tablet". Bloomberg. Retrieved July 27, 2012.
  47. ↑ Charles Arthur and agencies (October 18, 2012). "Samsung Galaxy Tab 'does not copy Apple's iPad designs' | Technology | guardian.co.uk". London: Guardian. Retrieved December 23, 2012.
  48. ↑ "Apple Inc. v. Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. et al, Case No. 5:2011 cv01846". Justia. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
  49. ↑ "Apple Inc. v. Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. et al, Case No. 5:2012 cv00630". Justia. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
  50. ↑ "Apple vs Samsung: The next battle in their patent wars". Retrieved August 25, 2012.
  51. ↑ Raustiala, Kal; Sprigman, Chris (August 3, 2012). "Apple vs Samsung: Who Owns the Rectangle?". Freakonomics.com. Retrieved August 7, 2012.
  52. ↑ US patent D504889S, Bartley K. Andre, Daniele De Iuliis, Richard P. Wowarth, Jonathan P. Ive, Steve Jobs, et al., "Electronic Device". Retrieved August 7, 2012.
  53. ↑ Bishop, Bryan (August 3, 2012). "Phil Schiller takes the stand in the Apple v. Samsung trial". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
  54. ↑ Bishop, Bryan (August 3, 2012). "Scott Forstall testifies: live from the Apple v. Samsung courtroom". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
  55. ↑ Lowensohn, Josh (August 24, 2012). "Jury awards Apple more than $1B, finds Samsung infringed". CNET. CBS Interactive. Retrieved August 24, 2012.
  56. ↑ Burnett, Ed, The verdict is in: Samsung vs. Apple, zdnet.com, August 25, 2012. Retrieved October 23, 2012.
  57. ↑ Guglielmo, Connie (August 24, 2012). "Apple Wins Over Jury in Samsung Patent Dispute, Awarded $1.05 Billion in Damages (page 2 of 2)". Forbes. Retrieved August 25, 2012. Question 8: For each of the following products, has Apple proven by a preponderance of the evidence that Samsung Electronics Co. (SEC), Samsung Electronics America (SEA), and/or Samsung Telecommunications America (STA) has infringed the D’889 Patent? The answer is no for all the Galaxy Tab’s listed.
  58. ↑ "Electronic Device (Patent USD504889)". Google. Retrieved August 29, 2012.
  59. ↑ Condliffe, Jaime, The US Patent Office Has Invalidated Apple’s Bounce Scroll Patent, gizmodo.com, October 23, 2012. Retrieved October 24, 2012.
  60. ↑ Apple Denied Motion for Permanent Injunction
  61. 1 2 3 Charles Arthur (14 November 2013). "Samsung says $52m, not $380m, is owed for Apple patent infringement". The Guardian. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
  62. ↑ Miller, Amy (October 17, 2012). "Judge Stumps Samsung's Lawyers in Apple Patent Case". Law.com. ALM. The Recorder. Retrieved August 12, 2012. (subscription required)
  63. ↑ Koh, Lucy H., District Judge (December 2, 2011). "Apple Inc. v. Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., et al". Google Scholar. Google. Retrieved April 13, 2012.
  64. ↑ Levine, Dan (December 3, 2011). "U.S. judge rejects Apple bid to halt Galaxy sales". Reuters. Thomson Reuters. Retrieved August 12, 2012.
  65. ↑ US Federal Court Ruling 2012-1105. Decided May 14, 2012. Retrieved August 30, 2012
  66. 1 2 Koh, Lucy H. District Judge (June 29, 2012). "Apple Inc. v. Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. Case No.: 12-CV-00630-LHK. Order Granting Motion For Preliminary Injunction" (PDF). United States District Court, Northern District of California. Retrieved July 5, 2012.
  67. ↑ Samsung to appeal US Galaxy Tab 10.1 injunction after tablet ruled innocent [Update: Request filed], thenextweb.com, August 27, 2012. Retrieved August 30, 2012.
  68. 1 2 Diane Bartz (Oct 11, 2012). "U.S. court clears Samsung phone, setback for Apple". Reuters. Retrieved Oct 11, 2012.
  69. ↑ , fosspatents.com, March 6, 2014. Retrieved January 29, 2015.
  70. ↑ Apple Jury Foreman: Here's How We Reached a Verdict Interview between Jury Foreman Vel Hogan and Emily Chang, Bloomberg Television, Bloomberg West, August 28, 2012. Retrieved August 30, 2012.
  71. ↑ "Jury in Apple v. Samsung Goofed, Damages Reduced - Uh Oh. What's Wrong With this Picture? ~pj Updated 5Xs". Groklaw. August 25, 2012. Retrieved December 23, 2012.
  72. ↑ Roberts, Jeff John, 3 reasons juries have no place in the patent system, gigaom.com, August 27, 2012. Retrieved August 30, 2012
  73. ↑ McKeown, Scott A., Apple Jury Confuses Obviousness Analysis in Arriving at Record Damage Verdict?, patentspostgrant.com, August 29, 2012. Retrieved August 30, 2012.
  74. ↑ US Patent #7577460, Retrieved September 1, 2012.
  75. ↑ Radack, David, Reading and Understanding Patent Claims, JOM, 47:11 (1995), p. 69. Retrieved September 1, 2012.
  76. ↑ "Manual of Patent Examining Procedure, Chapter 0600, Section 608". uspto.gov. Retrieved December 23, 2012.
  77. ↑ "BBC News - Apple versus Samsung: Full interview with the jury foreman". Bbc.co.uk. August 31, 2012. Retrieved December 23, 2012.
  78. ↑ "Apple, Samsung demand changes to $1B verdict".
  79. ↑ "Samsung Claims Jury Foreman Misconduct Tainted Apple Case". Bloomberg.
  80. ↑ Jones, Pamela. "Samsung's Claims of Juror Misconduct Revealed in Unredacted Filings". Groklaw. Retrieved November 1, 2012.
  81. ↑ , fosspatents.com, December 5, 2014. Retrieved January 28, 2015.
  82. ↑ , fosspatents.com, December 19, 2014. Retrieved January 28, 2015.
  83. ↑ Bonnington, Christina (August 24, 2012). "What the Apple v. Samsung Verdict Means for the Rest of Us | Gadget Lab". Wired.com. Retrieved December 23, 2012.
  84. ↑ "Apple v. Samsung: An Expert but Pro-Patent Jury? - Patent Law Blog". Patently-O. August 29, 2012. Retrieved December 23, 2012.
  85. ↑ "Jury Foreman Discusses Apple-Samsung Trial, Verdict: Video". Bloomberg. August 27, 2012. Retrieved December 23, 2012.
  86. ↑ Mullins, Justin (September 26, 2012). "Juror misconduct? Samsung asks judge to throw out Apple patent verdict". Slate.com. Retrieved December 23, 2012.
  87. 1 2 "Exclusive: Apple-Samsung juror speaks out". CNET. August 25, 2012. Retrieved October 23, 2012.
  88. 1 2 "Jury Instructions in Apple v. Samsung, 109 pages ~pj - Updated". Groklaw. August 21, 2012. Retrieved December 23, 2012.
  89. ↑ Levine, Dan (August 25, 2012). "Jury didn't want to let Samsung off easy in Apple trial: foreman". Reuters. Retrieved December 23, 2012.
  90. ↑ "Samsung Appeals Billion-Dollar Verdict; Alleges Juror Misconduct " Above the Law: A Legal Web Site – News, Commentary, and Opinions on Law Firms, Lawyers, Law School, Law Suits, Judges and Courts". Abovethelaw.com. Retrieved December 23, 2012.
  91. ↑ Wingfield, Nick (August 24, 2012). "Jury Awards $1 Billion to Apple in Samsung Patent Case". New York Times. Retrieved October 24, 2012.
  92. ↑ Vaughan, Steven J. (August 28, 2012). "Apple v. Samsung: The legal aftershocks". ZDNet. Retrieved December 23, 2012.
  93. ↑ "Apple/Samsung Jurors Admit They Finished Quickly By Ignoring Prior Art & Other Key Factors". Techdirt. August 27, 2012. Retrieved December 23, 2012.
  94. ↑ Florian Mueller (12 November 2013). "The truth is neither the court nor the parties really wanted today's Apple-Samsung damages retrial". FOSS Patents. Google Inc. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
  95. 1 2 "Apple sues Samsung for $2bn as tech rivals head back to court". The Guardian. 31 March 2014. Retrieved 7 April 2014.
  96. ↑ John Ribeiro (31 January 2014). "Apple, Samsung kick off case by sparring over instructional video". Macworld. IDG Consumer & SMB. Retrieved 7 April 2014.
  97. 1 2 "Samsung ordered to pay Apple $120m for patent violation". The Guardian. 3 May 2014. Retrieved 8 May 2014.

Further reading

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 11/29/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.