Steve Wozniak

Steve Wozniak

Wozniak in June 2005
Born Stephen (or Stephan) Gary Wozniak[1]:18
(1950-08-11) August 11, 1950
San Jose, California, United States
Other names
  • Woz
  • Oak Toebark
  • Stephen Wozniak[1]:18
  • The Wonderful Wizard of Woz
  • Evets Kainzow
Alma mater
Occupation
Known for Co-Founder of Apple Inc., Apple I developer, Apple II co-developer, pioneer of the personal computer revolution with Steve Jobs
Net worth US$100 million[2]
Spouse(s)
  • Alice Robertson (m. 1976–80)
  • Candice Clark (m. 1981–87)
  • Suzanne Mulkern (m. 1990–2004)
  • Janet Hill (m. 2008)
Children 5
Call-sign ex-WA6BND (ex-WV6VLY)
Website www.woz.org

Stephen (or Stephan) Gary "Steve" Wozniak[1]:18 (/ˈwɒzniæk/, born August 11, 1950),[3] nicknamed "Woz", is an American inventor, electronics engineer, programmer, and technology entrepreneur who co-founded Apple Inc. He is known as a pioneer of the personal computer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s, along with Apple co-founder Steve Jobs.

Wozniak single-handedly developed the 1976 Apple I, which was the computer that launched Apple. He primarily designed the 1977 Apple II, while Jobs oversaw the development of its unusual case and Rod Holt developed the unique power supply.[4]

Early life

Steve Wozniak was born in San Jose, California, the son of Margaret Elaine (Kern) and Jacob Francis "Jerry" Wozniak. He is of Polish and Swiss-German ancestry. His father was from Bukovyna, Ukraine (Poland at the time) and his mother from German-Swiss background. The family immigrated to US. [5][6]

The name on Wozniak's birth certificate is "Stephan Gary Wozniak", but Steve's mother said that she intended it to be spelled "Stephen", and "Steve" is what he uses.[1]:18

Wozniak has been referred to frequently by the nickname "Woz", "The Wonderful Wizard of Woz", "The Second Steve", or "The Woz";[7] "WoZ" (short for "Wheels of Zeus") is also the name of a company Wozniak founded. The city of San Jose named a street "Woz Way" in his honour.

In the early 1970s, Wozniak was also known as "Berkeley Blue" in the phone phreak community, after he made a blue box.[8]

Apple Computer

Origins of Apple

In 1969, Wozniak returned to the Bay Area after being expelled from University of Colorado Boulder in his first year for hacking into the institution's computer system.[9][10] He later re-enrolled at De Anza College and transferred to University of California, Berkeley in 1971. Before focusing his attention on Apple, he was employed at Hewlett-Packard where he designed calculators.[11] It was during this time that he befriended Steve Jobs.

Steve Wozniak was introduced to Jobs by friend Bill Fernandez, who attended Homestead High School with Jobs in 1971. Jobs and Wozniak became friends when Jobs worked for the summer at Hewlett-Packard (HP), where Wozniak too was employed, working on a mainframe computer.[12] This was recounted by Wozniak in a 2007 interview with ABC News, of how and when he first met Steve Jobs:

"We first met in 1971 during my college years, while he was in high school. A friend said, 'you should meet Steve Jobs, because he likes electronics and he also plays pranks.' So he introduced us."[13]

In 1973, Jobs was working for arcade game company Atari, Inc. in Los Gatos, California.[14] He was assigned to create a circuit board for the arcade video game Breakout. According to Atari co-founder Nolan Bushnell, Atari offered $100 for each chip that was eliminated in the machine. Jobs had little knowledge of circuit board design and made a deal with Wozniak to split the fee evenly between them if Wozniak could minimize the number of chips. Wozniak reduced the number of chips by 50, by using RAM for the brick representation. Too complex to be fully comprehended at the time, the fact that this prototype also had no scoring or coin mechanisms meant Woz's prototype could not be used. Jobs was paid the full bonus regardless. Jobs told Wozniak that Atari gave them only $700 and that Wozniak's share was thus $350.[15] Wozniak did not learn about the actual $5,000 bonus until ten years later, but said that if Jobs had told him about it and had said he needed the money, Wozniak would have given it to him.

On June 29, 1975 Wozniak tested his first working prototype, displaying a few letters and running sample programs. It was the first time in history that a character displayed on a TV screen was generated by a home computer.[1] With the Apple I design, he and Jobs were largely working to impress other members of the Palo Alto-based Homebrew Computer Club, a local group of electronics hobbyists interested in computing. The Club was one of several key centers which established the home hobbyist era, essentially creating the microcomputer industry over the next few decades. Unlike other Homebrew designs, the Apple had an easy-to-achieve video capability that drew a crowd when it was unveiled.[16]

Original 1976 Apple 1 Computer in a briefcase. From the Sydney Powerhouse Museum collection

In 1976, Wozniak developed the computer that eventually made him famous. He alone designed the hardware, circuit board designs, and operating system for the Apple I.[16] Jobs had the idea to sell the Apple I as a fully assembled printed circuit board. Wozniak, at first skeptical, was later convinced by Jobs that even if they were not successful they could at least say to their grandkids they had had their own company. Together they sold some of their possessions (such as Wozniak's HP scientific calculator and Jobs' Volkswagen van), raised $1,300, and assembled the first boards in Jobs' bedroom and later (when there was no space left) in Jobs' garage. Wozniak's apartment in San Jose was filled with monitors, electronic devices, and some computer games Wozniak had developed. The Apple I sold for $666.66. (Wozniak later said he had no idea about the relation between the number and the mark of the beast, and "I came up with [it] because I like repeating digits.") Jobs and Wozniak sold their first 50 system boards to Paul Terrell, who was starting a new computer shop, called the Byte Shop, in Mountain View, California.[1]

On April 1, 1976, Jobs and Wozniak formed Apple Computer (along with administrative supervisor Ronald Wayne, whose participation in the new venture was short lived). Wozniak resigned from his job at Hewlett-Packard and became the vice president in charge of research and development at Apple. Wozniak's Apple I was similar to the Altair 8800, the first commercially available microcomputer, except the Apple I had no provision for internal expansion cards. With expansion cards the Altair could attach to a computer terminal and be programmed in BASIC. In contrast, the Apple I was a hobbyist machine. Wozniak's design included a $25 microprocessor (MOS 6502) on a single circuit board with 256 bytes of ROM, 4K or 8K bytes of RAM, and a 40-character by 24-row display controller. Apple's first computer lacked a case, power supply, keyboard, and display, all components the user had to provide.

After the success of the Apple I, Wozniak designed the Apple II, the first personal computer that had the ability to display color graphics, and BASIC programming language built-in.[1] Inspired by "the technique Atari used to simulate colors on its first arcade games", Wozniak found a way of putting colors into the NTSC system by using a $1 chip,[17] while colors in the PAL system were achieved by "accident" when a dot occurred on a line, and to this day he has no idea how it works.[18] During the design stage, Steve Jobs argued that the Apple II should have two expansion slots, while Wozniak wanted six. After a heated argument, during which Wozniak had threatened for Jobs to 'go get himself another computer', they decided to go with eight slots. The Apple II became one of the first highly successful mass-produced personal computers.

Airplane crash

Steve Wozniak in 1983

On February 7, 1981, the Beechcraft Bonanza A36TC Wozniak was piloting crashed soon after takeoff from the Sky Park Airport in Scotts Valley, California.[19] The plane stalled while climbing, then bounced down the runway, went through two fences, and crashed into an embankment. Wozniak and his three passengers—then-fiancée Candice Clark, his brother, and his girlfriend—were injured. Wozniak sustained severe face and head injuries, including losing a tooth, and also suffered for five weeks after the crash from anterograde amnesia, the inability to create new memories. He had no memory of the crash, and did not remember his name in the hospital or the things he did after he was released.[20][21] He would later state that Apple II computer games are what helped him regain his memory.[1] The National Transportation Safety Board investigation report cited premature liftoff and pilot inexperience as probable causes of the crash.[22]

Wozniak did not immediately return to Apple after recovering from the airplane crash, seeing it as a good reason to leave.[20]

US Festivals

In May 1982 and 1983, Wozniak sponsored two US Festivals to celebrate evolving technologies; they ended up as a technology exposition and a rock festival as a combination of music, computers, television and people. After losing several million dollars on the 1982 festival, he stated that unless the 1983 festival turned a profit, he would end his involvement with rock festivals and get back to designing computers.[23]

Also in 1983, Wozniak returned to Apple product development, desiring no more of a role than that of an engineer and a motivational factor for the Apple workforce.[1]

Even with the success he helped create at Apple, Wozniak felt that Apple was a hindrance to become who he wanted to be, and that it was "the bane of his existence".[24] He enjoyed engineering, not management, and as other engineers joined the growing company, he no longer felt needed at Apple, and by early 1985, Wozniak again left Apple. Stating that the company had "been going in the wrong direction for the last five years", he sold most of his stock.[25]

Career

Steve Wozniak and Andy Hertzfeld at an Apple Computer Users Group meeting in 1985

After leaving Apple, Wozniak enrolled at UC Berkeley to complete his degree. Because his name was well known at this point, he enrolled under the name Rocky Raccoon Clark, which is the name listed on his diploma. [26]

One thing Wozniak wanted to do was teach elementary school because of the important role teachers play in students' lives. Eventually, he did teach computer classes to children from the fifth through ninth grades and teachers as well.[24]

Wozniak remains an employee of Apple and receives a stipend, estimated to be $120,000 per year.[1][27][28] He is also an Apple shareholder.[29] He also maintained a fine acquaintance with Steve Jobs until Jobs' death in October 2011,[30] although, in 2006, Wozniak stated that he and Jobs were not as close as they used to be.[31] In a 2013 interview, Wozniak said that the Macintosh "failed" under Steve Jobs, and that it was not until Jobs left that it became a success. Jobs called the Apple Lisa group, the team that had kicked Jobs out, idiots for making the Lisa computer too expensive. To compete with the Lisa, Jobs and his new team produced a cheaper computer, one that, according to Wozniak, was "weak", "lousy" and "still at a fairly high price". "He made it by cutting the RAM down, by forcing you to swap disks here and there", says Wozniak. He attributed the eventual success of the Macintosh to people like John Sculley "who worked to build a Macintosh market when the Apple II went away".[32]

Wozniak founded CL 9, which developed and brought the first programmable universal remote control to market in 1987.[1]

In 2001, Wozniak founded Wheels of Zeus (WOZ), to create wireless GPS technology to "help everyday people find everyday things much more easily." In 2002, he joined the board of directors of Ripcord Networks, Inc., joining Ellen Hancock, Gil Amelio, Mike Connor, and Wheels of Zeus co-founder Alex Fielding, all Apple alumni, in a new telecommunications venture. Later the same year he joined the board of directors of Danger, Inc., the maker of the Hip Top.

In 2006, Wheels of Zeus was closed, and Wozniak founded Acquicor Technology, a holding company for acquiring technology companies and developing them, with Apple alumnae Hancock and Amelio. From 2009 through 2014 he was chief scientist at Fusion-io.[33] In 2014 he became chief scientist at Pure Data, which was founded by some former Fusion-io executives.[34]

Patents

Wozniak on stage at the Melbourne Convention and Exhibition Centre, Australia, May 16, 2012

Wozniak is listed as the sole inventor on the following Apple patents:

Philanthropy

In 1990, Wozniak helped found the Electronic Frontier Foundation, providing some of the organization's initial funding[39][40][41] and serving on its founding Board of Directors.[39] Also since leaving Apple, Wozniak has provided all the money, as well as a good amount of on-site technical support, for the technology program in his local school district.[1] Un.U.Son. (Unite Us In Song), an organization Wozniak formed to organize the two US festivals, is now primarily tasked with supporting his educational and philanthropic projects.[1] In 1986, Wozniak lent his name to the Stephen G. Wozniak Achievement Awards (popularly known as "Wozzie Awards"), which he presented to six Bay Area high school and college students for their innovative use of computers in the fields of business, art and music. More recently, Wozniak was the subject of a student-made film production of his friend's (Joe Patane) nonprofit Dream Camp Foundation for high-level need youth titled Camp Woz: The Admirable Lunacy of Philanthropy.

Honors and awards

In 1979, Wozniak was awarded the ACM Grace Murray Hopper Award. In 1985, Wozniak received the National Medal of Technology (with Steve Jobs) from US President Ronald Reagan.[1] In December 1989, he received an honorary Doctor of Engineering degree from the University of Colorado at Boulder.[42] Later he donated funds to create the "Woz Lab" at the University of Colorado at Boulder. In 1998, he was named a Fellow of the Computer History Museum "for co-founding Apple Computer and inventing the Apple I personal computer."[43] Wozniak is a key contributor and benefactor to the Children's Discovery Museum of San Jose; the street in front of the museum has been renamed Woz Way in his honor.[44]

In September 2000, Wozniak was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame,[45] and in 2001 he was awarded the 7th Annual Heinz Award for Technology, the Economy and Employment.[46] The American Humanist Association awarded him the Isaac Asimov Science Award in 2011.

In December 2005, Wozniak was awarded an honorary Doctor of Engineering degree from Kettering University.[47] He also received honorary degrees from North Carolina State University[48] and Nova Southeastern University, and the Telluride Tech Festival Award of Technology. In May 2011, Wozniak received an honorary Doctor of Engineering degree from Michigan State University.[49] In June 2012, Wozniak was awarded an honorary Doctor of Engineering degree from Santa Clara University.

He was awarded the Global Award of the President of Armenia for Outstanding Contribution to Humanity Through IT in 2011.[50]

On February 17, 2014, in Los Angeles, Steve Wozniak was awarded the 66th Hoover Medal from IEEE President & CEO J. Roberto de Marca. The award is presented to an engineer whose professional achievements and personal endeavors have advanced the well-being of humankind and is administered by a board representing five engineering organizations: The American Society of Mechanical Engineers; the American Society of Civil Engineers; the American Institute of Chemical Engineers; the American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers; and IEEE.

The New York City Chapter of Young Presidents' Organization presented their 2014 Lifetime Achievement Award to Steve Wozniak on October 16, 2014 at the American Museum of Natural History.

In November 2014, Industry Week added Steve Wozniak to the Manufacturing Hall of Fame.

On June 19, 2015, Wozniak received the Legacy for Children Award from the Children's Discovery Museum in San Jose. The Legacy for Children Award honors an individual whose legacy has significantly benefited the learning and lives of children. The purpose of the Award is to focus Silicon Valley's attention on the needs of our children, encouraging us all to take responsibility for their well-being. Candidates are nominated by a committee of notable community members involved in children's education, health care, human and social services, and the arts.[51]

On June 20, 2015, The Cal Alumni Association (UC Berkeley's Alumni Association) presented Wozniak with the 2015 Alumnus of the Year Award. "We are honored to recognize Steve Wozniak with CAA’s most esteemed award," said CAA President Cynthia So Schroeder '91. "His invaluable contributions to education and to UC Berkeley place him among Cal's most accomplished and respected alumni."[52]

In March 2016, High Point University announced that Wozniak will serve as their Innovator in Residence. Wozniak was High Point University’s commencement speaker in 2013. Through this ongoing partnership, Wozniak will connect with High Point University students and will visit campus on March 23, 2016.[53]

Honorary degrees

For his contributions to technology, Wozniak has been awarded a number of Honorary Doctor of Engineering degrees which include the following:

Media

Wozniak has been mentioned, represented or interviewed many times including the following programs:

Documentaries

Feature films

Television

After seeing her stand-up performance in Saratoga, California, Wozniak began dating comedian Kathy Griffin.[64] Together, they attended the 2007 Emmy Awards,[65] and subsequently made many appearances on the fourth season of her show Kathy Griffin: My Life on the D-List. Wozniak is on the show as her date for the Producers Guild of America award show. However, on a June 19, 2008 appearance on The Howard Stern Show, Griffin confirmed that they were no longer dating and decided to remain friends.[66]

Wozniak portrays a parody of himself in the first episode of the television series Code Monkeys; he plays the owner of Gameavision before selling it to help fund Apple. He later appears again in the twelfth episode when he is in Las Vegas at the annual Video Game Convention and sees Dave and Jerry. He also appears in a parody of the "Get a Mac" ads featured in the final episode of Code Monkeys second season. Wozniak is also interviewed and featured in the documentary Hackers Wanted and on BBC.

Wozniak competed on Season 8 of Dancing with the Stars in 2009[67][68] where he danced with Karina Smirnoff. Despite Wozniak and Smirnoff receiving 10 combined points from the three judges out of 30, the lowest score of the evening, he remained in the competition. He later posted on a social networking site that he felt that the vote count was not legitimate and suggested that the Dancing with the Stars judges had lied about the vote count to keep him on the show.[69] After being briefed on the method of judging and vote counting, he retracted and apologized for his statements.[70] Despite suffering a pulled hamstring and a fracture in his foot, Wozniak continued to compete,[71] but was eliminated from the competition on March 31, with a score of 12 out of 30 for an Argentine Tango.[72]

On September 30, 2010, he appeared as himself on The Big Bang Theory season 4 episode "The Cruciferous Vegetable Amplification". While dining in The Cheesecake Factory where Penny works, he is approached by a (robot) Sheldon (which is Remote Presence on a Texai). Leonard tries to explain to Penny who Wozniak is, but she says she already knows him from Dancing with the Stars.

On September 30, 2013, he appeared along with Apple alum Daniel Kottke and Andy Hertzfeld on the television show John Wants Answers to discuss the movie Jobs.

Personal life

Steve Wozniak signs a Modbook for a fan during an appearance at the Axiotron booth during Macworld Expo 2009.

Wozniak lives in Los Gatos, California. He applied for Australian citizenship in 2012, and has stated that he would like to live in Melbourne, Australia in the future.[73]

He is a Freemason, despite not having faith in a supreme being (which is required by Masonic rules except in "Liberal" or Continental Freemasonry). Wozniak describes his impetus for joining the Freemasons as being able to spend more time with his wife at the time, Alice Robertson. Alice belonged to the Order of the Eastern Star, associated with the Masons. Wozniak has said that he quickly rose to a third degree Freemason because, whatever he does, he tries to do well. He was initiated in 1979 at Charity Lodge No. 362 in Campbell, California, now part of Mt. Moriah Lodge No. 292 in Los Gatos.[74]

Wozniak was married to Candice Clark from June 1981 to 1987. They have three children together, the youngest being born after their divorce was finalized.[75] After a high-profile relationship with actress Kathy Griffin, Wozniak married Janet Hill, his current spouse.[76]

On his religious views, Wozniak called himself an "atheist or agnostic".[77][78]

He is a member of a Segway Polo team, the Silicon Valley Aftershocks.

Wozniak's favorite video game is Tetris,[79] and he had a high score for Sabotage.[80] In the 1990s he submitted so many high scores for Tetris to Nintendo Power that they would no longer print his scores, so he started sending them in under the alphabetically reversed name "Evets Kainzow".[81]

Wozniak has the condition prosopagnosia, or face-blindness.[82]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Wozniak, Steve; Smith, Gina (2006). iWoz: Computer Geek to Cult Icon: How I Invented the Personal Computer, Co-Founded Apple, and Had Fun Doing It. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-393-06143-4.
  2. ↑ "Steve Wozniak Net Worth". Celebrity Net Worth. Retrieved 2015-12-23.
  3. ↑ "Steve Wozniak". biography. biography.com. Retrieved July 4, 2016.
  4. ↑ "Nolan Bushnell Appointed to Atari Board — AtariAge Forums — Page 30". Atariage.com. April 29, 2010. Retrieved November 11, 2010.
  5. ↑ RootsWeb's WorldConnect Project: Dowling Family Genealogy. Wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com (December 28, 1925). Retrieved on August 24, 2013.
  6. ↑ "Letters-General Questions Answered". Woz.org. March 1, 2000. Retrieved February 6, 2012.
  7. ↑ Sean Mulligan. "STEVE "THE WOZ" WOZNIAK: 2011 ISAAC ASIMOV SCIENCE AWARD". American Humanist Association. Retrieved May 13, 2012.
  8. ↑ Lapsley, Phil (February 16, 2013). "From "phreaks" to Apple: Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak's "eureka!" moment". Salon.com. Retrieved March 22, 2013.
  9. ↑ CU breeds success: A look at famous alumni
  10. ↑ From the Office of the Chancellor, University of Colorado Boulder
  11. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UMRmG72LBU8. Retrieved 4 October 2016. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  12. ↑ Young, Jefferey S. (December 1988). Steve Jobs: The Journey is the Reward. Lynx Books. ISBN 155802378X.
  13. ↑ "Three Minutes With Steve Wozniak". ABCNews.go.com. July 20, 2007. Retrieved November 10, 2013.
  14. ↑ "An exclusive interview with Daniel Kottke". India Today. September 13, 2011. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2011.
  15. ↑ Letters – General Questions Answered at the Wayback Machine (archived June 12, 2011), Woz.org
    Wozniak, Steven: "iWoz", a: pp. 147–48, b: p. 180. W. W. Norton, 2006. ISBN 978-0-393-06143-7
    Kent, Stevn: "The Ultimate History of Video Games", pp. 71–3. Three Rivers, 2001. ISBN 0-7615-3643-4
    "Breakout". Arcade History. June 25, 2002. Retrieved April 19, 2010.
    "Classic Gaming: A Complete History of Breakout". GameSpy. Archived from the original on July 8, 2012. Retrieved April 19, 2010.
  16. 1 2 Freiberger, Paul; Swaine, Michael (2000). Fire in the Valley. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-135892-7.
  17. ↑ "Woz: Putting Color In The Computer Was One Of The Biggest Things Apple Ever Did". macstories.net.
  18. ↑ Dan Schawbel. "Steve Wozniak: His Career Challenges, Steve Jobs, Tech Trends and Advice". Forbes.
  19. ↑ Tirrell, Rick (2009). The wisdom of resilience builders : how our best leaders create the world's most enduring enterprises. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. p. 236. ISBN 1-4490-5323-8.
  20. 1 2 Williams, Gregg; Moore, Rob (January 1985). "The Apple Story / Part 2: More History and the Apple III". BYTE (interview). p. 166. Retrieved October 26, 2013.
  21. ↑ O'Grady, Jason D. (2009). Apple Inc. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. p. 27. ISBN 0-313-36244-0.
  22. ↑ Linzmayer, Owen W. (2004). Apple confidential 2.0 : the definitive history of the world's most colorful company (Rev. 2nd ed.). San Francisco, Calif.: No Starch Press. pp. 28–30. ISBN 1-59327-010-0.
  23. ↑ "Us Festival: More Music, Money and Madness". Rolling Stone (397): 42–45. June 9, 1983.
  24. 1 2 Flatow, Ira. Present at the Future: From Evolution to Nanotechnology, Candid and Controversial Conversations on Science and Nature. USA: HarperCollins, 2007. 263-4. Print.
  25. ↑ Rice, Valerie (April 15, 1985). "Unrecognized Apple II Employees Exit". InfoWorld. p. 35. Retrieved February 4, 2015.
  26. ↑ The Conversation http://theconversation.com/interview-steve-wozniak-apple-co-founder-and-inventor-of-the-home-computer-64313. Retrieved 4 October 2016. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  27. ↑ "CNN.com Video". CNN.
  28. ↑ Letters-General Questions Answered, Woz.org
  29. ↑ Apple's Other Steve (Stock Research) March 2, 2000, Fool.com
  30. ↑ Krishnamoorthy, Anand; Li, Susan. "Jobs's Death Was Like Lennon, JFK Getting Shot, Wozniak Says". Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved March 25, 2015.
  31. ↑ Peterson, Kim (April 16, 2006). "Steve Wozniak Q & A". Seattletimes.nwsource.com. Retrieved March 22, 2013.
  32. ↑ "Steve Wozniak on Newton, Tesla, and why the original Macintosh was a 'lousy' product". Archived from the original on March 12, 2016. Retrieved June 28, 2013.
  33. ↑ Ashlee Vance (February 4, 2009). "Wozniak Accepts Post at a Storage Start-Up". The New York Times. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
  34. ↑ Chris Preimesberger (November 19, 2014). "The Band's Back Together: Woz Joins Startup Primary Data". eWeek. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
  35. ↑ US Patent No. 4,136,359, US Patent & Trademark Office, Patent Full Text and Image Database.
  36. ↑ Controller for magnetic disc, recorder, or the like US Patent 4210959.
  37. ↑ Apparatus for digitally controlling PAL color display US Patent 4217604.
  38. ↑ Digitally-controlled color signal generation means for use with display US Patent 4278972.
  39. 1 2 John Perry Barlow (1990-11-08). "A Not Terribly Brief History of the Electronic Frontier Foundation". Archived from the original on June 27, 2001. Retrieved 2015-12-28.
  40. ↑ "Formation documents and mission statement for the EFF". Retrieved 2015-12-28.
  41. ↑ Mike Saunders (2013-07-03). "Inside the Electronic Frontier Foundation". TuxRadar.com. Retrieved 2015-12-28.
  42. ↑ Seibold, Chris. "This Day in Apple History December 28, 1989: Woz Gets Honorary Doctorate, Dish Incident Forgotten". Retrieved July 31, 2007.
  43. ↑ CHM. "Steve Wozniak — CHM Fellow Award Winner". Retrieved March 30, 2015.
  44. ↑ "maps.google.com". maps.google.com. January 1, 1970. Retrieved November 11, 2010.
  45. ↑ Inventor Profile — National Inventors Hall of Fame. Archived February 21, 2014, at the Wayback Machine.
  46. ↑ "The Heinz Awards, Steve Wozniak profile". Heinzawards.net. Retrieved November 11, 2010.
  47. ↑ Honorary Doctorate — Kettering University List of Honorary Degrees. Archived November 25, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
  48. 1 2 Honorary Doctorate — North Carolina State University List of Honorary Degrees.
  49. ↑ "Commencement | MSU Commencement". Commencement.msu.edu. Retrieved March 22, 2013.
  50. ↑ "Global Award of the President of Armenia for Outstanding Contribution to Humanity Through IT". Globalitaward.am. Archived from the original on December 1, 2012. Retrieved March 22, 2013.
  51. ↑ "Legacy for Children Award". Children’s Discovery Museum of San Jose.
  52. ↑ "CAA Announces the 2015 Alumnus of the Year Steve Wozniak, B.S. '86 and Other Alumni Award Recipients". Cal Alumni Association.
  53. ↑ http://www.highpoint.edu/blog/2016/03/apple-co-founder-steve-wozniak-becomes-innovator-in-residence/
  54. ↑ CUIndependent. "CU breeds success: A look at famous alumni". CU Independent. Retrieved 2016-02-11.
  55. ↑ "Commencement Coverage". Kettering University. Retrieved 2016-02-11.
  56. ↑ Michigan State University (2011-05-09), MSU convocation speaker and honorary degree recipient Steve Wozniak, Spring 2011, retrieved 2016-02-11
  57. ↑ "Honorary degree citation -Steve Wozniak". www.concordia.ca. Retrieved 2016-02-09.
  58. ↑ http://hetq.am/eng/news/6409/steve-wozniak-awarded-honorary-doctoral-degree.html
  59. ↑ University, Santa Clara. "June 2012 - 2012 - Press Releases - News & Events - Santa Clara University". www.scu.edu. Retrieved 2016-02-11.
  60. ↑ "Honorary Doctorates - Universidad Camilo José Cela". www.ucjc.edu. Retrieved 2016-03-22.
  61. ↑ Camp Woz: The Admirable Lunacy of Philanthropy at the Internet Movie Database
  62. ↑ Steve Wozniak's Formative Moment on Youtube
  63. ↑ "American Genius". American Genius.
  64. ↑ Collins, Michelle. "VH1 Best Week Ever — Off The Market: Kathy Griffin Finds a New Man!". Archived from the original on August 20, 2007. Retrieved September 18, 2007.
  65. ↑ "Apple Co-Founder Steve Wozniak Escorted Comedian Kathy Griffin & Her Potty Mouth To The Emmy's.". Archived from the original on December 17, 2007. Retrieved September 18, 2007.(Archived December 17, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.)
  66. ↑ Who’s so vain? June 19, 2008 — The Howard Stern Show. Archived November 5, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.
  67. ↑ "Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak to compete on 'Dancing With the Stars'" from Los Angeles Times. Retrieved on February 8, 2009.
  68. ↑ "Why Apple founders got 'fired up.'". BBC News. November 21, 2008. Retrieved February 5, 2009.
  69. ↑ Matyszczyk, Chris (March 17, 2009). "Woz in ABC 'outright lie' accusation". CNET.
  70. ↑ Fashingbauer Cooper, Gael (March 19, 2009). "Wozniak sorry he called 'Dancing' show 'fake'". MSNBC.
  71. ↑ Injured Woz Will Perform People.com, March 23, 2009.
  72. ↑ Woz Gets Hipchecked Off the Dance Floor, by Kara Swisher, April 1, 2009, All Things Digital.
  73. ↑ Hopewell, Luke (September 25, 2012). "Steve Wozniak Is Becoming An Australian Citizen". Gizmodo. Retrieved June 12, 2014.
  74. ↑ "A Few Famous Masons". Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon. Retrieved March 25, 2013.
  75. ↑ "This Week in Apple History – June 7–13: The Woz Marries, Switcher Campaign Starts, IE Ended". The Mac Observer. Retrieved November 28, 2012.
  76. ↑ "'I'm in trouble' says Woz's wife" from Apple 2.0 on CNNMoney
  77. ↑ Steve Wozniak (2002). "Letters-General Questions Answered". Los Gatos, California: Unuson Corp. Retrieved June 20, 2013. I am also atheist or agnostic (I don't even know the difference). I've never been to church and prefer to think for myself. I do believe that religions stand for good things, and that if you make irrational sacrifices for a religion, then everyone can tell that your religion is important to you and can trust that your most important inner faiths are strong.
  78. ↑ Brian Riley (2012). "Interview with Steve Wozniak". Davis, California: BrianRiley.us. Retrieved August 17, 2014. I’m kind of spiritual inside. I have a lot of philosophies of how to be a good person, how to treat people, and I’ve worked them out, thinking over and over, reflecting inside my mind the way shy people do, and I was very shy, and coming up with my own little keys and rules for life, and they stayed with me…
  79. ↑ "Woz and I agree: 'Tetris' for the Gameboy is the best game ever, by Daniel Terdiman, December 11, 2007, Geek Gestalt on CNET News.
  80. ↑ "High Scores". Softline. September 1981. p. 28. Retrieved July 13, 2014.
  81. ↑ "Evets Kainzow", by Steve Wozniak, Undated, Woz.org
  82. ↑ Kelion, Leo (9 September 2015). "Steve Wozniak: Shocked and amazed by Steve Jobs movie". bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 9 September 2015.

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