Vitamin K epoxide reductase

Vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR) is an enzyme (EC 1.1.4.1) that reduces vitamin K after it has been oxidised in the carboxylation of glutamic acid residues in blood coagulation enzymes. VKORC is a member of a large family of predicted enzymes that are present in vertebrates, Drosophila, plants, bacteria and archaea.^[1] Its C1 subunit (VKORC1) is the target of anticoagulant warfarin.^[2]^[3] Four cysteine residues and one residue, which is either serine or threonine, are identified as likely active-site residues.^[1] In some plant and bacterial homologues, the VKORC1 homologous domain is fused with domains of the thioredoxin family of oxidoreductases.^[1]

References

1 2 3 Goodstadt L, Ponting CP (June 2004). "Vitamin K epoxide reductase: homology, active site and catalytic mechanism". Trends Biochem. Sci. 29 (6): 289–92. doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2004.04.004. PMID 15276181.
↑ Li, T; Chang, CY; Jin, DY; Lin, PJ; Khvorova, A; Stafford, DW (2004). "Identification of the gene for vitamin K epoxide reductase". Nature. 427 (6974): 541–4. doi:10.1038/nature02254. PMID 14765195.
↑ Rost, S; Fregin, A; Ivaskevicius, V; Conzelmann, E; Hortnagel, K; Pelz, HJ; Lappegard, K; Seifried, E; et al. (2004). "VKORC1 cause warfarin resistance and multiple coagulation factor deficiency type 2". Nature. 427 (6974): 537–41. doi:10.1038/nature02214. PMID 14765194.

Oxidoreductases: alcohol oxidoreductases (EC 1.1)

1.1.1: NAD/NADP acceptor	3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase Alcohol dehydrogenase Aldo-keto reductase 1A1 1B1 1B10 1C1 1C3 1C4 7A2 Aldose reductase Beta-Ketoacyl ACP reductase Carbohydrate dehydrogenases Carnitine dehydrogenase D-malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) DXP reductoisomerase Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase HMG-CoA reductase IMP dehydrogenase Isocitrate dehydrogenase Lactate dehydrogenase L-threonine dehydrogenase L-xylulose reductase Malate dehydrogenase Malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) Malate dehydrogenase (NADP+) Malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating) Malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating) (NADP+) Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase Sorbitol dehydrogenase Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: 3 Beta 3-beta-HSD NSDHL 11 Beta HSD11B1 HSD11B2 17 Beta

1.1.2: cytochrome acceptor	D-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome) D-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome c-553) Mannitol dehydrogenase (cytochrome)

1.1.3: oxygen acceptor	Glucose oxidase L-gulonolactone oxidase Xanthine oxidase

1.1.4: disulfide as acceptor	Vitamin K epoxide reductase Vitamin-K-epoxide reductase (warfarin-insensitive)

1.1.5: quinone/similar acceptor	Malate dehydrogenase (quinone) Quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase

1.1.99: other acceptors	Choline dehydrogenase L2HGDH

Enzymes

Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Catalytically perfect enzyme Coenzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis Enzyme kinetics Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics

Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor

Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes

Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases (list) EC2 Transferases (list) EC3 Hydrolases (list) EC4 Lyases (list) EC5 Isomerases (list) EC6 Ligases (list)

This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro IPR012932

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