Waste management in Hong Kong
Geography of Hong Kong |
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Other Hong Kong topics |
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In the densely populated Hong Kong, waste is a troublesome issue. The territory generates around 6.4 million tons of waste each year,[1] and by 2015, its existing landfills are expected to be full.[2] The government has introduced waste management schemes and is working to educate the public on the subject. On the commercial side, producers are taking up measures to reduce waste.
Statistics
Hong Kong EPD (Environmental Protection Department) provides data and statistics about waste management.[3]
Waste management process
Overview
In Hong Kong, wastes generated can be categorised as municipal solid waste, construction and demolition waste, chemical waste and other special waste, including: clinical waste, animal carcasses, livestock waste, radioactive waste, grease trap waste and waterworks/sewage sludges. Current (2012), according to Waste Atlas 1st Report waste generation in Hong Kong is around 3,3 million tonnes per year or 464 kg/cap/year.[4]
Processing
Wastes in Hong Kong are first collected from disposal bins to refuse transfer stations (RTS). After they are compacted and put in containers, they are delivered to disposal lands or recycling centers.
Waste Collection
There are hundreds of collectors in the territory where wastes are located before transferring to refuse transfer stations.[5]
Waste Transport
There are seven refuse transfer stations in the territory. They serve as centralised collection points for the transfer of waste to the strategic landfills.[6]
Landfills
Operated by the EPD, the landfill sites only accept garbage from Hong Kong. Thirteen of 16 landfills were closed from 1988 to 1996.
Strategic landfills
Hong Kong has three strategic landfills in use. All are located in the New Territories:[7][8][9]
Landfill | Location | Acres | Opened | Capacity | Status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
West New Territories Landfill (WENT) | Nim Wan, Tuen Mun | 110 | 1993 | 61 million m³ | Active (Full by 2018/2019) |
South East New Territories Landfill (SENT) | Tseung Kwan O, Junk Bay | 100 | 1994 | 43 | Active (Full by 2014/2015) |
North East New Territories Landfill (NENT) | Ta Kwu Ling, North District | 61 | 1995 | 35 | Active (Full by 2016/2017) |
Closed landfills
There are also 13 closed landfills.[10] The closed landfills are converted into facilities such as golf courses, multi-purpose grass pitches, rest gardens, and ecological parks. Greenhouse gases emitted from closed landfills are used for energy. The closed landfills are:[8][10]
Landfill | Location | Acres | Opened | Capacity | Status | Rehab Period | Current use |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gin Drinkers Bay | Kwai Tsing District, Tsuen Wan | 29 | 1960 | 3.5 million tonnes | Closed | 1999–2000 | now Kwai Chung Park |
Ngau Tam Mei | Tam Mei, Yuen Long District | 2 | 1973 | 0.15 million tonnes | Closed | 1999–2000 | Green Belt |
Plover Cove | Tai Mei Tuk, Tai Po District | 50 | 1973 | 15 million tonnes | Closed | 1996–1997 | golf driving range |
Ma Tso Lung | Kwu Tong, North District | 2 | 1976 | 0.2 million tonnes | Closed | 1999–2000 | recreation centre for Tung Wah Group of Hospitals |
Ngau Chi Wan | Wong Tai Sin District, East Kowloon | 8 | 1976 | 0.7 million tonnes | Closed | 1997–1998 | Ngau Chi Wan Park |
Sai Tso Wan | Kwun Tong District, East Kowloon | 9 | 1978 | 1.6 million tonnes | Closed | 1997–1998 | Sai Tso Wan Recreation Ground opened in 2004 |
Siu Lang Shui | Castle Peak | 12 | 1978 | 1.2 million tonnes | Closed | 1999–2000 | Green Belt |
Junk Bay Stage I | Tseung Kwan O, Sai Kung District | 68 | 1978 | 15.2 million tonnes | Closed | 1997–1999 | proposed site for football academy and driving range |
Ma Yau Tong West | Kwun Tong, East Kowloon | 6 | 1979 | 6 million tonnes | Closed | 1997–1998 | planned recreation facilities |
Ma Yau Tong Central | Kwun Tong, East Kowloon | 11 | 1981 | 1.0 million tonnes | Closed | 1997–1998 | future Lam Tin Park |
Pillar Point Valley | Tuen Mun District | 38 | 1983 | 13 million tonnes | Closed | 2004–2006 | N/A |
Jordan Valley | Kwun Tong, East Kowloon | 11 | 1986 | 1.5 million tonnes | Closed | 1997–1998 | Jordan Valley Park, Opened 2010. |
Junk Bay Stage II-III | Tseung Kwan O, Sai Kung District | 42 | 1988 | 12.6 million tonnes | Closed | 1997–1999 | temporary home for Hong Kong Air Cadet Corps model plane training facilities |
NGO campaigns
Friends of the Earth
Friends of the Earth (HK) is one of the local environmental groups in Hong Kong. One of its campaigns emphasises on setting up an all-inclusive recycling system.[11]
Green Power
Green Power, another local environmental organisation, has many activities related to waste control and management. Green Power organises an ongoing "Zero Waste Action", aiming to reduce the waste the territory produces.[12]
See also
References
- ↑ Waste problem in Hong Kong (PDF), retrieved 2009-06-28
- ↑ Ockenden, James (2007-02-27). "HK landfills full in 4-8 years". blueskieschina.com. Retrieved 2009-06-28.
- ↑ EPD - Data & Statistics
- ↑ "Waste Atlas. (2012). Country Data: HONG KONG SAR, CHINA.".
- ↑ Friends of the Earth (HK)
- ↑ http://sc.info.gov.hk/gb/www.epd.gov.hk/epd/english/environmentinhk/waste/prob_solutions/msw_rts.html
- ↑ Hong Kong Expands Municipal Solid Waste Management System Into The Future
- 1 2 http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:BzhHy_GrkQgJ:www.legco.gov.hk/yr05-06/english/sec/library/0506in37e.pdf+Landfills+in+Hong+Kong&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=6&gl=ca
- ↑
- 1 2 http://sc.info.gov.hk/gb/www.epd.gov.hk/epd/english/environmentinhk/waste/prob_solutions/msw_racl.html
- ↑ http://www.foe.org.hk/welcome/geten.asp?language=en&id_path=1,%207,%2026,%203008,%203144—
- ↑ Green Power - Activities
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Waste management in Hong Kong. |
- Restoring Hong Kong's Landfills
- Hong Kong Environmental Protection Department
- Friends of the Earth
- Green Power