Webbed toes

Webbed toes

Human foot with partial simple syndactyly.
Classification and external resources
Specialty	medical genetics
ICD-10	Q70.3
ICD-9-CM	755.13
MedlinePlus	003289

The feet of a gull showing webbed toes.

Webbed toes is the common name for syndactyly affecting the feet. It is characterised by the fusion of two or more digits of the feet. This is normal in many birds, such as ducks; amphibians, such as frogs; and mammals, such as kangaroos. In humans it is considered unusual, occurring in approximately one in 2,000 to 2,500 live births.

There are various levels of webbing, from partial to complete. For example, the rare Hose's civet, a viverrid endemic to northern Borneo, has partially webbed feet. Most commonly the second and third toes are webbed or joined by skin and flexible tissue. This can reach either part way up or nearly all the way up the toe.

Diagnosis

This condition is normally discovered at birth. If other symptoms are present, a specific syndrome may be indicated. Diagnosis of a specific syndrome is based on family history, medical history, and a physical exam. Webbed toes are also known as "twin toes," "duck toes," "turkey toes" and "tiger toes."

Cause

The exact cause of the condition is unknown. In some cases, close family members may share this condition. In other cases, no other related persons have this condition. The scientific name for the condition is syndactyly, although this term covers both webbed fingers and webbed toes. Syndactyly occurs when apoptosis or programmed cell death during gestation is absent or incomplete. Webbed toes occur most commonly in the following circumstances:

Syndactyly or Familial Syndactyly
Down syndrome

It is also associated with a number of rare conditions, notably:

Consequences

Webbed toes in humans are a purely cosmetic condition. This condition does not impair the ability to perform any activity, including walking, running, or swimming.

People with webbed toes may have a slight disadvantage for activities that benefit from prehensile toes. Although not scientifically proven, some believe that this condition can possibly allow for a slight advantage, specifically, in athletics. Considering your big toe is a main source for balance, having your second and third toe webbed could virtually be seen as having two big toes. Thus, allowing for better balance in athletics such as running or dance.

Psychological stress may arise from the fear of negative reactions to this condition from people who do not have webbed toes.

However a disadvantage would be a difficulty in wearing flip-flops or other such footwear in warm countries.

Surgery

Partial simple syndactyly before surgery

Partial simple syndactyly, 4 months post-op

Webbed toes can be separated through surgery. Surgical separation of webbed toes is an example of body modification.

As with any form of surgery, there are risks of complications.

The end results depend on the extent of the webbing and underlying bone structure. There is usually some degree of scarring, and skin grafts may be required. In rare instances, nerve damage may lead to loss of feeling in the toes and a tingling sensation. There are also reports of partial web grow-back. The skin grafts needed to fill in the space between the toes can lead to additional scars in the places where the skin is removed.

Famous webbed feet

Dan Aykroyd – Canada, actor^[1]
Tricia Helfer - Canada, actress^[2]
Jacqui Hurley - Ireland, sports broadcaster^[3]
Ashton Kutcher - United States, actor^[4]^[5]
Joseph Stalin – Soviet Union, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union^[6]
Danielle Panabaker - United States, actress^[7]

hip:	Dislocation of hip / Hip dysplasia Upington disease Coxa valga Coxa vara

knee:	Genu valgum Genu varum Genu recurvatum Discoid meniscus Congenital patellar dislocation Congenital knee dislocation

foot deformity:	varus Club foot Pigeon toe valgus Flat feet Pes cavus Rocker bottom foot Hammer toe

Either / both

fingers and toes	Polydactyly / Syndactyly webbed toes Arachnodactyly Cenani–Lenz syndactylism Ectrodactyly Brachydactyly Clubbed thumb

reduction deficits / limb:	Acheiropodia ectromelia Phocomelia Amelia Hemimelia

multiple joints:	Arthrogryposis Larsen syndrome Rapadilino syndrome

Axial

Skull and face

Craniosynostosis:	Scaphocephaly Oxycephaly Trigonocephaly

Craniofacial dysostosis:	Crouzon syndrome Hypertelorism Hallermann–Streiff syndrome Treacher Collins syndrome

other:	Macrocephaly Platybasia Craniodiaphyseal dysplasia Dolichocephaly Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome Plagiocephaly Saddle nose

Vertebral column

Thoracic skeleton

ribs:	Cervical Bifid

sternum:	Pectus excavatum Pectus carinatum

References

↑ Saner, Emine (2007-09-19). "Soul survivor". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 2008-01-01.
↑ "Tricia Trivia". Archived from the original on 2008-03-28. Retrieved 2008-03-22.
↑ Tubridy, Ryan (31 August 2011). "Here's what happened on today's show...". Tubridy. RTÉ 2fm. RTÉ's sports presenter Jacqui Hurley called in to tell Ryan that she also as webbed toes! Jacqui has two webbed toes on each foot. When Jacqui was younger she tried to cut them to make 'normal toes'! Now Jacqui has come to love her toes! Her Brother and Dad also have webbed feet.
↑ "Star Tracks (People magazine)". Retrieved 2008-03-27.
↑ "Ashton Kutcher shows Jonathan Ross his icky webbed feet". Daily Mail Online. 24 April 2008. Retrieved 3 January 2016.
↑ ""Among the Dead", MississippiReview.com". Archived from the original on 2008-03-18. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
↑ "famous people webbed toes".

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