Red Karen language

Red Karenni
Kayah
Karenni
Native to	Burma
Ethnicity	Kayah
Native speakers	190,000 (2000–2007)[1]
Language family	Sino-Tibetan (Tibeto-Burman) Karen languages Sgaw–Bghai Red Karenni
Writing system	Kayah Li alphabet (eky,kyu) Latin alphabet (kyu,kxf) Myanmar alphabet (kyu,kxf) unwritten (kvy)
Language codes
ISO 639-3	Variously: eky – Eastern Kayah kyu – Western Kayah kvy – Yintale kxf – Manumanaw (Manu)
Glottolog	kaya1317  (Kayah)[2] yint1235  (Yintale Karen)[3] manu1255  (Manumanaw Karen)[4]

Red Karen or Karenni, known in Burmese as Kayah, is a Karen dialect continuum spoken by over half a million Kayah people (Red Karen) in Burma.

The name Kayah is "a new name invented by the Burmese to split them off from other Karen".^[5]

Eastern Kayah is reported to have been spoken by 260,000 in Burma and 100,000 in Thailand in 2000, and Western Kayah by 210,000 in Burma in 1987. They are rather divergent. Among the Western dialects are Yintale and Manu (Manumanaw in Burmese).

Distribution and varieties

Eastern Kayah is spoken in:^[1]

• Shadaw township, Kayah State (east of the Thanlwin River)
• Langkho district, Shan State

Eastern Kayah dialects are Upper Eastern Kayah and Lower Eastern Kayah, which are mutually intelligible. The speech variety of Huai Sua Thaw village (Lower Eastern) is prestigious for both dialect groups. The Eastern Kayah have difficulty understanding the Western Kayah.

Western Kayah is spoken in Kayah State and Kayin State, east of the Thanlwin River. It is also spoken in Pekon township in southern Shan State.^[1]

• northern dialect: Shan State (north of Loikaw)
• southern dialect: Hpruso and Dimawso townships (south of Loikaw)

Western Kayah dialects are part of a dialect continuum of Central Karen varieties stretching from Thailand. They include:^[1]

• Northern dialect of Western Kayah
• Southern dialect of Western Kayah
• Dawtama
• Dawnnyjekhu
• Sounglog
• Chi Kwe
• Wan Cheh

Yintale, reportedly a variety of Western Kayah, is spoken in 3 villages of Hpasawng township, Bawlakhe district, Kayah State.^[1]

Yintale dialects are Bawlake and Wa Awng.

Kawyaw, reportedly similar to Western Kayah, is spoken in 23 villages along the border of Bawlake and Hpruso townships, in the West Kyebogyi area of Kayah State.

Kawyaw dialects are Tawkhu and Doloso, which have been reported to be difficult to mutually understand.

References

1. Eastern Kayah at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
   Western Kayah at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
   Yintale at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
   Manumanaw (Manu) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
2. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2016). "Kayah". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
3. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2016). "Yintale Karen". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
4. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2016). "Manumanaw Karen". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
5. Christopher Beckwith, International Association for Tibetan Studies, 2002. Medieval Tibeto-Burman languages, p. 108.

• Kirkland, Cortney, and Erin Dawkins. 2007. A Sociolinguistic survey of Eastern Kayah Li in Thailand. Chiang Mai: Payap University.

External links

• "E-books for children with narration in Karenni". Unite for Literacy library. Retrieved 2014-06-21.
• Eastern Kayah Li basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database