Wind power in the Netherlands

Wind power in the Netherlands has recently been used as a renewable source of electricity.[1] By December 2013, 1,975 wind turbines were operational on land in the Netherlands, with an aggregate capacity of 2,479 MW.[2] An additional 228 MW of capacity was installed at sea.[3] The Dutch are trying to meet the EU-set target of producing 14% of total electricity from renewable sources by 2020. Windmills have historically played a major part in the Netherlands by providing an alternative to water driven mills.[4]

Onshore wind power

Wind turbines at the Westereems Wind Park

The largest onshore wind farm is located in Eemshaven in Groningen, in the north of the Netherlands. This 156 MW wind farm contains a mix of Vestas V90 3MW (known as GroWind) and Enercon E 82 3MW (known as Westereems) wind turbines.[5] Other large wind farms are located in Delfzijl-zuid (72 MW), Lelystad (46 MW), Terneuzen, (Koegorspolder, 44 MW), and Biddinghuizen (WP Kubbeweg, 34 MW).[2]

Most wind power is produced in the province of Flevoland.[2]

Remarkably, wind turbines with just 2 blades are sometimes used as in Eemmeerdijk Wind Park.

Offshore wind power

Princess Amalia Wind Farm in the North Sea

In addition to the wind farms built onshore, two wind farms have been built out in the sea.[6] In 2006, the Egmond aan Zee Offshore Wind Farm was built, consisting of 36 Vestas V90 3MW turbines, totaling 108 MW, sufficient to light 100,000 houses.[1][2][7] The project cost $272 million and is cooperatively owned by Royal Dutch Shell and the Dutch utility company Nuon. In 2008, a second, somewhat larger offshore wind park was built: the Princess Amalia Wind Farm, consisting of 60 Vestas V80 2MW turbines totaling 120 MW, sufficient to power 125,000 homes and help the Netherlands cut 225,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions.[2][6] The wind park was developed off the coast of IJmuiden by Econcern and Eneco Energie, at a total cost of $522.3 million.[6]

Installed wind power. Source GWEC Global Wind Report 2015
Year Cumulative Capacity (in MW)
2001
481
2002
682
2003
908
2004
1,078
2005
1,224
2006
1,561
2007
1,749
2008
2,149
2009
2,225
2010
2,218
2011
2,272
2012
2,391
2013
2,713
2014
2,865
2015
3,431

The Dutch government has expressed the aspiration to build 6,000 MW of offshore wind power by 2020,[8] which will have a considerable impact on the Dutch electricity grid, operated by TenneT.[9] As a first step, the government has determined 65 sites for offshore wind farms in the North Sea and IJsselmeer.[1]

In November 2011, the Dutch government decided to no longer fund 6B€ per year to maintain subsidized wind KWh at €0.18. It sharply cut subsidies down to 1.5B€, leaving private sector to carry over windmill investments shall these be beneficial.[6]

In July 2016, the first two stages of offshore wind farm development for a combined 700 MegaWatt capacity in a water area near Borssele was awarded to DONG Energy at a price of 7.27 Euro cent per kilowatt hour for 15 years. Tranmission costs of 1.4 eurocent/kWh is to be added as TenneT is required to take power from sea to shore.[10][11][12]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Offshore wind farm opens off the coast of the Netherlands". The New York Times. 18 April 2007. Retrieved 14 October 2009.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 "Windenergie op land; productie en capaciteit per provincie (Windenergy on land; production and capacity per province". Retrieved 16 November 2014.
  3. ↑ "Windenergie; elektriciteitsproductie, capaciteit en windaanbod per maand (Windenergy; electricity production, capacity and wind per month)". CBS StatLine. Retrieved 16 November 2014.
  4. ↑ Blunt, Elizabeth. "Exploiting wind power in Holland." BBC News. N.p., 13 Nov. 2000. Web. 14 Oct. 2009. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1021714.stm>.
  5. ↑ "First wind turbines at Westereems Wind Park supply power.". Essent. 24 July 2008. Retrieved 21 November 2014.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Hudson, Alexandra. "Dutch build towering wind turbines out at sea." Reuters.
  7. ↑ The Select Committee for Energy Independence and Global Warming. "In the sea, the Netherlands finds threats, hope." The Select Committee for Energy Independence and Global Warming. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Oct.Q7 doesn't exist 2009.<http://globalwarming.house.gov/impactzones/netherlands>.
  8. ↑ Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment, accessed on December 28th 2009.
  9. ↑ Offshore Wind Power Research, WE@Sea, accessed December 28th 2009.
  10. ↑ https://www.government.nl/latest/news/2016/07/05/netherlands-offshore-wind-farm-borssele-cheapest-world-wide
  11. ↑ http://www.windpoweroffshore.com/article/1401396/updated-dong-wins-borssele-tender-%e2%82%ac7270-mwh
  12. ↑ http://www.bakermckenzie.com/en/insight/publications/2016/07/dong-energy-wins-first-borssele-offshore-wind/
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