Thirty-five Confession Buddhas

The 35 Buddhas of Confession

The Thirty-Five Confession Buddhas (Wylie: gsheg lha so lnga ) are known from the Sutra of the Three Heaps (Sanskrit: Triskandhadharmasutra; Tib. phung po gsum pa'i mdo), popular in Tibetan Buddhism. This Mahāyāna sutra actually describes a practice of purification by confession and making prostrations to these Buddhas, and is part of the larger Stack of Jewels Sutra (Sanskrit: Ratnakutasutra; Tib. dkon mchog brtsegs pa'i mdo).

In Tibet there were two distinct traditions of the Thirty-five Confession Buddhas which arose from the two main Indian schools of Mahāyāna Buddhism: one from the Madhyamaka school founded by Nāgārjuna, and the other from the Yogācāra school founded by Asaṅga and Vasubandhu. Both of these schools developed their own rituals for conferring the Bodhisattva vows, each incorporating a visualization of the Thirty-five Buddhas along with the recitation of the confession from the Triskhandhadharma Sutra.^[1]

List of Names

The names of the 35 Buddhas of confession are:

Sanskrit	Tibetan	Tibetan pronunciation	English
Śākyamuni	ཤཱཀྱ་ཐུབ་པ་	shakya tup-pa	Shakyamuni
Vajrapramardī	རྡོ་རྗེ་སྙིང་པོས་རབ་ཏུ་འཇོམས་པ	dorjé nyingpö raptu jompa	Thoroughly Conquered with Vajra Essence
Ratnārśiṣ	རིན་ཆེན་འོད་འཕྲོ	rinchen ö-tro	Radiant Jewel
Nāgeśvararāja	ཀླུ་དབང་གི་རྒྱལ་པོ	luwang gi gyelpo	King, Lord of the Nagas
Vīrasena	དཔའ་བོའི་སྡེ	pawö-dé	Army of Heroes
Vīranandī	དཔའ་བོ་དགྱེས	pawö-gyé	Delighted Hero
Ratnāgni	རིན་ཆེན་མེ	rinchen-mé	Jewel Fire
Ratnacandraprabha	རིན་ཆེན་ཟླ་འོད	rinchen da-ö	Jewel Moonlight
Amoghadarśi	མཐོང་བ་དོན་ཡོད	tongwa dönyö	Meaningful Vision
Ratnacandra	རིན་ཆེན་ཟླ་བ	rinchen dawa	Jewel Moon
Vimala	དྲི་མ་མེད་པ	drima mépa	Stainless One
Śūradatta	དཔའ་སྦྱིན	pa-jin	Glorious Giving
Brahma	ཚངས་པ	tsangpa	Pure One
Brahmadatta	ཚངས་པས་སྦྱིན་	tsangpé jin	Giving of Purity
Varuṇa	ཆུ་ལྷ	chu lha	Water God
Varuṇadeva	ཆུ་ལྷའི་ལྷ	chu lhaé lha	Deity of the Water Gods
Bhadraśrī	དཔལ་བཟང	pel-zang	Glorious Goodness
Candanaśrī	ཙན་དན་དཔལ	tsenden pel	Glorious Sandalwood
Anantaujas	གཟི་བརྗིད་མཐའ་ཡས	ziji tayé	Infinite Splendour
Prabhāśrī	འོད་དཔལ	ö pel	Glorious Light
Aśokaśrī	མྱ་ངན་མེད་པའི་དཔལ་	nyangen mépé pel	Sorrowless Glory
Nārāyaṇa	སྲེད་མེད་ཀྱི་བུ	sémé-kyi bu	Son of Non-craving
Kusumaśrī	མེ་ཏོག་དཔལ	métok pel	Glorious Flower
Tathāgata Brahmajyotivikrīḍitābhijña	དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པ་ཚངས་པའི་འོད་ཟེར་རྣམ་པར་རོལ་པ་མངོན་པར་མཁྱེན་པ	dézhin shekpa tsangpé özer nampar rölpa ngönpar khyenpa	Pure Light Rays Clearly Knowing by Play
Tathāgata Padmajyotirvikrīditābhijña	དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པ་པདྨའི་འོད་ཟེར་རྣམ་པར་རོལ་པས་མངོན་པར་མཁྱེན་པ	dézhin shekpa pémé özer nampar rölpé ngönpar khyenpa	Lotus light Rays Clearly knowing by Play
Dhanaśrī	ནོར་དཔལ	norpel	Glorious Wealth
Smṛtiśrī	དྲན་པའི་དཔལ	drenpé pel	Glorious Mindfulness
Suparikīrtitanāmagheyaśrī	མཚན་དཔལ་ཤིན་ཏུ་ཡོངས་སུ་གྲགས་པ	tsenpel shintu yongsu drakpa	Renowned Glorious Name
Indraketudhvajarāja	དབང་པོའི་ཏོག་གི་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ	wangpö tok-gi gyeltsen-gyi gyelpo	King of the Victory Banner that Crowns the Sovereign
Suvikrāntaśrī	ཤིན་ཏུ་རྣམ་པར་གནོན་པའི་དཔལ	shintu nampar nönpé pel	Glorious One Who Fully Subdues
Yuddhajaya	གཡུལ་ལས་རྣམ་པར་རྒྱལ་བ	yül lé nampar gyelwa	Utterly Victorious in Battle
Vikrāntagāmī	རྣམ་པར་གནོན་པའི་གཤེགས་པའི་དཔལ	nampar nönpé shekpé pel	Glorious Transcendence Through Subduing
Samantāvabhāsavyūhaśrī	ཀུན་ནས་སྣང་བ་བཀོད་པའི་དཔལ	kün-né nangwa köpé pel	Glorious Manifestations Illuminating All
Ratnapadmavikramī	རིན་ཆེན་པདྨའི་རྣམ་པར་གནོན་པ	Rinchen padmé nampar nönpa	Jewel Lotus who Subdues All
Ratnapadmasupraṭiṣṭhita-śailendrarāja	དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པ་དགྲ་བཅོམ་པ་ཡང་དག་པར་རྫོགས་པའི་སངས་རྒྱས་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་དང་པདྨ་ལ་རབ་ཏུ་བཞུགས་པའི་རི་དབང་གི་རྒྱལ་པོ	Dézhin shekpa drachompa yangdakpar dzokpé sanggyé rinpoché dang padama la raptu zhukpé riwang gi gyelpo	All-subduing Jewel Lotus, Arhat, Perfectly Completed Buddha, King of the Lord of the Mountains Firmly Seated on Jewel and Lotus

^[2]

Iconography

The Thirty-five Confession Buddhas are a common subject depicted in Himalayan Buddhist paintings and sculpture. There are at least three different iconographic systems for depicting the Thirty-five Buddhas based on the different descriptions found in ritual texts and commentaries by different authors including Nagarjuna,^{[nb 1]} Sakya Paṇḍita, Jonang Tāranātha and Je Tsongkhapa.

The three main iconagraphic traditions are: 1. the system attributed to Nagarjuna where the 35 Buddhas are depicted with different objects in their hands; 2. the system of Sakya Paṇḍita where the 35 Buddhas are depicted with hand gestures only (no hand objects); 3. the system based on Je Tsongkhapa's personal vision of the 35 Buddhas where only some of the Buddhas have objects in their hands.^[1]

Notes

↑ Probably not the Nagarjuna who founded the Madhyamaka school but a later teacher with the same name

References

1 2 Watt, Jeff (July 2011). "Thirty-five Confession Buddhas Main Page". Himalayan Art Resources. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
↑ "Thirty-five buddhas of confession". Rigpa Shedra Wiki. Rigpa. Retrieved 2016-07-19.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Thirty-five buddhas of confession.

http://www.lamayeshe.com/index.php?sect=article&id=39

Buddhism topics

Outline Glossary Index

Foundations	Three Jewels Buddha Dharma Sangha Four Noble Truths Noble Eightfold Path Nirvana Middle Way

The Buddha	Tathāgata Birthday Four sights Physical characteristics Footprint Iconography in Laos and Thailand Films Miracles Family Suddhodāna (father) Māyā (mother) Mahapajapati Gotamī (aunt, adoptive mother) Yasodhara (wife) Rāhula (son) Ānanda (cousin) Devadatta (cousin) Places where the Buddha stayed Buddha in world religions

Key concepts	Dharma Three Marks of Existence Impermanence Dukkha Anatta Pratītyasamutpāda Skandha Karma Rebirth Saṃsāra Saṅkhāra Kleshas Ignorance Craving Five hindrances Ten Fetters Indriya Enlightenment Parinirvana Tathātā Dharmas Two truths doctrine Śūnyatā Bodhicitta Bodhisattva Buddha-nature Mindstream

Cosmology	Ten spiritual realms Six realms Heaven Human realm Asura realm Hungry Ghost realm Animal realm Hell Three planes of existence

Practices	Refuge Buddhist devotion Puja Offerings Prostration Chanting Merit Paritta Dāna Nekkhamma Śīla Five Precepts Bodhisattva vow Prātimokṣa Threefold Training Śīla Samadhi Prajñā Brahmavihara Mettā Karuṇā Mudita Upekkha Pāramitā Bodhipakkhiyādhammā Seven Factors of Enlightenment Sati Dhamma vicaya Pīti Passaddhi Vīrya Four Right Exertions Iddhipada Five Strengths Faith Mindfulness Satipatthana Dhyāna Bhavana Satya Sacca Meditation Mantras Kammaṭṭhāna Recollection Smarana Anapanasati Samatha Vipassanā (Vipassana movement) Shikantaza Zazen Kōan Mandala Tonglen Tantra Tertön Terma

Nirvana	Bodhi Buddhahood Pratyekabuddha Bodhisattva Four stages of enlightenment Sotāpanna Sakadagami Anāgāmi Arhat

Monasticism	Bhikkhu Bhikkhuni Śrāmaṇera Śrāmaṇerī Anagarika Ajahn Sayadaw Zen master Rōshi Lama Rinpoche Geshe Tulku Householder Upāsaka and Upāsikā Śrāvaka The ten principal disciples Shaolin Monastery

Major figures	Gautama Buddha Kaundinya Assaji Sāriputta Mahamoggallāna Mulian Ānanda Mahākassapa Anuruddha Mahākaccana Nanda Subhuti Punna Upali Mahapajapati Gotamī Khema Uppalavanna Asita Channa Yasa Buddhaghosa Nagasena Bodhidharma Nagarjuna Asanga Vasubandhu Atiśa Padmasambhava Nichiren Songtsen Gampo Emperor Wen of Sui Dalai Lama Panchen Lama Karmapa Shamarpa Naropa Xuanzang

Texts	Tripiṭaka Madhyamakālaṃkāra Mahayana sutras Pāli Canon Chinese Buddhist canon Tibetan Buddhist canon

Branches	Theravada Mahayana Chan Buddhism Zen Seon Thiền Pure Land Tiantai Nichiren Madhyamaka Yogachara Navayana Vajrayana Tibetan Shingon Dzogchen Early Buddhist schools Pre-sectarian Buddhism Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna

Countries	Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan Myanmar Cambodia China India Indonesia Japan Korea Laos Malaysia Maldives Mongolia Nepal Pakistan Philippines Russia Kalmykia Singapore Sri Lanka Taiwan Thailand Tibet Vietnam Middle East Iran Western countries Argentina Australia Brazil France United Kingdom United States Venezuela

History	Timeline Ashoka Buddhist councils History of Buddhism in India Decline of Buddhism in India Great Anti-Buddhist Persecution Greco-Buddhism Buddhism and the Roman world Buddhism in the West Silk Road transmission of Buddhism Persecution of Buddhists Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal Buddhist crisis Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism Buddhist modernism Vipassana movement 969 Movement Women in Buddhism

Philosophy	Abhidharma Logic Buddhology Eschatology Reality God Secular Buddhism Humanism Eight Consciousnesses Engaged Buddhism Socialism Economics Atomism Evolution Ethics The unanswered questions

Culture	Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi Temple of the Tooth Art Greco-Buddhist art Poetry Buddha statue Budai Symbolism Dharmachakra Flag Bhavacakra Swastika Thangka Prayer wheel Mala Mudra Mantra Om mani padme hum Funeral Music Holidays Vesak Uposatha Magha Puja Asalha Puja Rains retreat Kassaya Architecture Temple Vihara Wat Stupa Pagoda Candi Thai temple art and architecture Pilgrimage Lumbini Maya Devi Temple Bodh Gaya Sarnath Kushinagar Bodhi Tree Mahabodhi Temple Calendar Cuisine Vegetarianism

Miscellaneous	Lineage Maitreya Avalokiteśvara Guanyin Amitābha Brahmā Māra Dhammapada Vinaya Sutra Koliya Hinayana Sacred languages Pali Sanskrit Dharma talk Kalpa Abhijñā Ṛddhi Siddhi

Buddhism and:	Science Psychology Hinduism Jainism Judaism East Asian religions Christianity Influences Comparison Theosophy Gnosticism Violence Western philosophy

Lists	Buddhas Twenty-eight Buddhas Bodhisattvas Buddhists Suttas Books Temples Candi

Portal Category

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 7/20/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.