Abbaretz

Abbaretz

Old House converted to Le Manoir de la Jahotiere Hotel at Abbaretz

Coat of arms
Abbaretz

Coordinates: 47°33′12″N 1°31′50″W / 47.5533°N 1.5306°W / 47.5533; -1.5306Coordinates: 47°33′12″N 1°31′50″W / 47.5533°N 1.5306°W / 47.5533; -1.5306
Country France
Region Pays de la Loire
Department Loire-Atlantique
Arrondissement Châteaubriant
Canton Nozay
Intercommunality Région de Nozay
Government
 • Mayor (2008–2020) Jean-Pierre Possoz
Area1 61.76 km2 (23.85 sq mi)
Population (2010)2 1,916
 • Density 31/km2 (80/sq mi)
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
 • Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
INSEE/Postal code 44001 / 44170
Elevation 26–91 m (85–299 ft)

1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

Abbaretz (Abarrez in Breton) is a French commune in the Loire-Atlantique department in the Pays de la Loire region of western France.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Abbarois or Abbaroises.[1]

Geography

Abbaretz is located 20 km south-west of Châteaubriant and 20 km north-east of Blain. Access to the commune is by the D2 road from Nozay in the west passing through the village and continuing east to La Meilleraye-de-Bretagne. The D1 road comes from Treffieux in the north passing through the village and continuing south. The D35 road comes from Issé in the north-east passing through the village and continuing south-west to Puceul. The D24 road branches from the D1 just south of the village and goes south-east to Joué-sur-Erdre. The D69 road from Issé to Nort-sur-Erdre passes through the east of the commune. Apart from the village there are also the hamlets of:[2]

  • Les Breils-Clement
  • La Chauvelaie
  • La Chauvelais
  • Le Chene Trouy
  • Coulouine
  • La Gleminiere
  • La Godardais
  • La Hazardiere
  • Le Houx
  • Le Maffay
  • La Placiere
  • La Rainais
  • La Riviere
  • Rozay
  • Villeneuve

Neighbouring Communes and Villages[2]

 Jans Treffieux Issé
Nozay La Meilleraye-de-Bretagne
   Abbaretz  
Puceul Nort-sur-Erdre Joué-sur-Erdre

Toponymy

Abbaretz has been previously known by the following names:

The name Abbaretz originates from the Gallo language which is the language of Upper Brittany: Abarèt in Gallo (as per ELG)[3]

History

Until the 8th century the parish of Abbaretiacum had its own Lord Bishop under the Bishops of Nantes. Following the invasion of Normandy and civil wars in Brittany in the 11th and 12th centuries Abbaretz ceased to be a feudal state. During the 10th century the lords of Chateaubriand took effective possession of the territory of Abbaretz: to enter Abbaretz was a privilege they gave to one of their younger sons, known by the name of Le Boeuf who was First Lord of Nozay and Issé. In 1123, however, the Duke Conan confirmed the church of Nantes as the owner of the church at Abbaretz.

In June 1230 Brient Le Boeuf, called "The Old Man", Lord of Issé, donated to the Cistercian Abbey of Notre Dame de Melleray, for the salvation of his soul, some land he owned at Abbaretz. The monks of this monastery built a barn and a chapel dedicated to St. Margaret. At the same time, Geoffroy de Trent abandoned his portion of Melleray Abbey and two-thirds of all the tithes of the land of the Abbaretz forest ("decimas terre sue de foresta de Abbaret").

In 1242, Guégon Le Gruc and his wife Agathe of Trent (daughter of Olivier and niece of Geoffroy of Trent) confirmed this pious donation. The parishioners of Abbaretz tried to oppose the increase in their tithes by the monks at Melleray. From the documents in the process, it can be seen that the area called the Forest of Abbaretz was inhabited in 1235 by Daniel and Bernard de Rozé, Guy Lague, Robin Daniel, Guillaume Robin, Riwallon Le Duc, Guillaume Robert, Pierre Constanz, Geffroy Grimaut, Guillaume Raffrey, and Judicaël Troynel who were all vassals of Geoffroy Trent.

When the diocese of Nantes was divided into archdeaconries and deaneries, the parish of Abbaretz was included in the deanery of Chateaubriand, a member of the archdeaconry of Mee.

The fiefs component of the Lordship of Abbaretz was composed of several parts:

The headquarters of the most important Lordship was located at the Chateau de La Riviere which originally belongs to the Briant (or Brient) family and then passed into the hands of the lords of Chateaubriant, then the House of Montmorency, and then the Prince of Condé.

Heraldry

 The ermine evokes the emblem of Brittany, recalling past inclusion of the town with the Duchy of Brittany. The arms were designed by Mr. Le Rossignol and have been in use since 1983.

Blazon:
Gules, a cross sable, cantoned with: the first gules a pyramid argent; the second, gules an Ox's head cabossed in sable; the third, gules a garb of or; the fourth, of ermine, overall an inescutcheon argent with a crescent in gules and three crampons, 2 and 1, the senestre turned.

Administration

List of Successive Mayors of Abbaretz[4]

From To Name Party Position
1843 René Suraud
1870 1871 François Marchand
1871 1891 Julien Bauchene
1891 1904 Pierre Herbert
1904 1937 Yvonnis Guillotin
1937 1971 Jean Brehier
1971 1989 Maurice Cadot
1989 2008 Robert Bommé
2008 2020 Jean-Pierre Possoz

(Not all data is known)

Demography

According to the classification established by the INSEE, Abbaretz is a commune which forms part of the crown of a large urban pole projecting from the urban area of Nantes[5] to the urban area of Nantes-Saint-Nazaire.[6]

Demographic Change

In 2010 the town had 1,916 inhabitants. The evolution of the number of inhabitants is known through the population censuses conducted in the town since 1793. From the 21st century a census of municipalities with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants is held every five years, unlike larger towns that have a sample survey every year.[Note 5] [Note 6]

Population Change (See database)
1793 1800 1806 1821 1831 1836 1841 1846 1851
1,135 829 1,266 1,505 1,671 1,729 1,814 2,274 2,363
1856 1861 1866 1872 1876 1881 1886 1891 1896
2,454 2,293 2,623 2,694 2,727 2,693 2,706 2,775 2,803
1901 1906 1911 1921 1926 1931 1936 1946 1954
2,732 2,730 2,763 2,523 2,392 2,345 2,277 2,087 2,183
1962 1968 1975 1982 1990 1999 2005 2006 2010
2,020 2,007 1,828 1,647 1,572 1,509 1,711 1,747 1,916

Sources : Ldh/EHESS/Cassini until 1962, INSEE database from 1968 (population without double counting and municipal population from 2006)

Distribution of Age Groups

Percentage Distribution of Age Groups in Abbaretz and Loire-Atlantique Department

Abbaretz Abbaretz Loire-A Loire-A
Age Range Men Women Men Women
0 to 14 Years 23.8 25.7 20.5 18.3
15 to 29 Years 16.3 14.4 20.1 18.5
30 to 44 Years 23.7 21.8 21.3 20.1
45 to 59 Years 17.7 16.4 20.1 19.7
60 to 74 Years 12.0 11.4 12.1 13.4
75 to 89 Years 6.1 9.4 5.6 9.1
90 Years+ 0.3 0.8 0.3 1.0

Languages

French and the local language of Gallo are spoken in the area. The Gallo language is in danger of extinction according to a study by Serge Jouin in his thesis: "The Gallo speech of Abbaretz and elsewhere ...", published in two volumes in 1982 and 1984. Abbaretz is also a point of survey for the linguistic atlas (ALBRAM) by Messrs. Guillaume and Chauveau.

Sights and Monuments

View of Abbaretz from the top of the slag heap.

See also

Notes and references

Notes

  1. ↑ (fiefs of Fief-Racaud or Fief-Rouzay, la Hardière, la Gueffraye, la Houssaye, la Rouaudière, les Hauts-Chemins, Galhard, la Pierre, la Chaussee, la Rabardière, Montbaron, Coulouine, la Guilminière, la Bonnaudière, les Rivières, Maffay, la Belaudaye, la Chevrollière, la Pommeraye, la Mollière, la Vennerie, la Placière, la Pourprise, Guillote-Ouairie, la Fouaye, la Forest, Pillet-Morel, Bouzay, Bourdon, Chesne-Trouit, la Chesnaye, la Raimbaudière, la Rabaudière, Rebuffé, Tournel de Hameline, Helland, le bourg d'Abbaretz, etc.)
  2. ↑ (fiefs de la Minière, du Houx, de la Trahannière, de la Herminière et de la Torraye, ...)
  3. ↑ (fiefs de la Liraye, d'Estival et de la Bouchetière, ...)
  4. ↑ (the Barn Abbaretz, the farms of Sainte-Marguerite and Féchetaye the Guichardaye the Rouaudière the Herminière ...)
  5. ↑ At the beginning of the 21st century, the methods of identification have been modified by law No. 2002-276 of 27 February 2002 , the so-called "law of local democracy" and in particular Title V "census operations" which allow, after a transitional period running from 2004 to 2008, the annual publication of the legal population of the different French administrative districts. For municipalities with a population greater than 10,000 inhabitants, a sample survey is conducted annually, the entire territory of these municipalities is taken into account at the end of the period of five years. The first "legal population" after 1999 under this new law came into force on 1 January 2009 and was based on the census of 2006.
  6. ↑ In the census table, by convention in Wikipedia, and to allow a fair comparison between five yearly censuses, the principle has been retained for subsequent legal populations since 1999 displayed in the census table that shows populations for the years 2006, 2011, 2016, etc., as well as the latest legal population published by INSEE

References

  1. ↑ Inhabitants of Loire-Atlantique (French)
  2. 1 2 Google Maps
  3. ↑ Breton Towns, Gallo Names, ed. Geobreizh, consulted on 18 March 2013 Archived April 26, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.
  4. ↑ List of Mayors of France (French)
  5. ↑ Zonage in the Urban Area of Nantes 2010 (008), insee.fr, ed. INSEE, consulted on 26 December 2012
  6. ↑ Thematic Map, Ed. INSEE, consulted on 26 December 2012; Go to: on the small map of France, tab to Départements, then click on the département, then from the drop-down menu: Thème - critère - indicateur principal (territoire - organisation territoriale).
  7. ↑ Ministry of Culture, Mérimée PA00108561 Old Forges of the Jahotière (French)
  8. ↑ Ministry of Culture, Palissy PM44000001 Statue: (French)
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