Turkish Braille

Turkish Braille
Azeri Braille
Type
alphabet
Languages Turkish
Parent systems
Braille
Print basis
 Turkish alphabet

Turkish Braille (kabartma yazı) is the braille alphabet of the Turkish language.

Alphabet

Turkish Braille follows international usage. The vowels with diacritics, ö and ü, have their French/German forms, whereas the consonants with diacritics, ç, ğ, and ş, have the forms of the nearest English approximations, ch, gh, and sh. Dotless i is derived by shifting down.[1][2][3]

⠁ (braille pattern dots-1)
a		 ⠃ (braille pattern dots-12)
b		 ⠉ (braille pattern dots-14)
c		 ⠡ (braille pattern dots-16)
ç		 ⠙ (braille pattern dots-145)
d		 ⠑ (braille pattern dots-15)
e		 ⠑ (braille pattern dots-15)
ə		 ⠋ (braille pattern dots-124)
f		 ⠛ (braille pattern dots-1245)
g		 ⠣ (braille pattern dots-126)
ğ		 ⠓ (braille pattern dots-125)
h
⠔ (braille pattern dots-35)
ı		 ⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)
i		 ⠚ (braille pattern dots-245)
j		 ⠅ (braille pattern dots-13)
k		 ⠇ (braille pattern dots-123)
l		 ⠍ (braille pattern dots-134)
m		 ⠝ (braille pattern dots-1345)
n		 ⠕ (braille pattern dots-135)
o		 ⠪ (braille pattern dots-246)
ö		 ⠏ (braille pattern dots-1234)
p
⠗ (braille pattern dots-1235)
r		 ⠎ (braille pattern dots-234)
s		 ⠩ (braille pattern dots-146)
ş		 ⠞ (braille pattern dots-2345)
t		 ⠥ (braille pattern dots-136)
u		 ⠳ (braille pattern dots-1256)
ü		 ⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236)
v		 ⠽ (braille pattern dots-13456)
y		 ⠵ (braille pattern dots-1356)
z		 ⠀ (braille pattern blank)
 

The accent point, ⠈, is used for â, î, û. Point ⠠ is used for capitals.[3]

Punctuation

Punctuation and arithmetical signs are as follows:[3]

⠠ (braille pattern dots-6)
◌̂		 ⠄ (braille pattern dots-3)
'		 ⠂ (braille pattern dots-2)
,		 ⠆ (braille pattern dots-23)
;		 ⠒ (braille pattern dots-25)
:		 ⠲ (braille pattern dots-256)
.[4]		 ⠖ (braille pattern dots-235)
!		 ⠦ (braille pattern dots-236)
?		 ⠤ (braille pattern dots-36)
-		 ⠀ (braille pattern blank)
(space)
⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356)⠀ (braille pattern blank)⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356)
( ... )		 ⠦ (braille pattern dots-236)⠀ (braille pattern blank)⠴ (braille pattern dots-356)
“ ... ”		 ⠤ (braille pattern dots-36)⠤ (braille pattern dots-36)
(quote dash)		 ⠜ (braille pattern dots-345)⠜ (braille pattern dots-345)
(poetry)
⠰ (braille pattern dots-56)⠦ (braille pattern dots-236)
*		 ⠰ (braille pattern dots-56)⠒ (braille pattern dots-25)
/		 ⠰ (braille pattern dots-56)⠢ (braille pattern dots-26)
+		 ⠰ (braille pattern dots-56)⠤ (braille pattern dots-36)
−		 ⠰ (braille pattern dots-56)⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356)
=

⠜⠜ is perhaps related to ⠜ in Irish Braille, which marks a new line of verse.

For quotations, the dash — is used differently from inverted commas “...”, for example when transcribing short turns in dialog.

Extensions to other languages

Azeri (Azerbaijani) Braille adds the letters x and q with their international forms ⠭ and ⠟. These, and w, are used in Turkish Braille as well for foreign words. Azeri Braille uses the accent mark ⠈ to derive print ä (formerly ə) from a.[5]

⠈ (braille pattern dots-4)⠁ (braille pattern dots-1)
ə/ä		 ⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)
x		 ⠟ (braille pattern dots-12345)
q

References

  1. ↑ Beysehir Guidance and Research Centre
  2. ↑
  3. 1 2 3 (two Turkish Braille charts)
  4. ↑ And thus ⠲⠲⠲ for ellipsis
  5. ↑ World Braille Usage, UNESCO, 2013
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