Beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are CMP-N-acetylneuraminate and beta-D-galactosyl-1,3-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl-R, whereas its 3 products are CMP, alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-2,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,3-N-acetyl-alpha-D-, and galactosaminyl-R.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those glycosyltransferases that do not transfer hexosyl or pentosyl groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is CMP-N-acetylneuraminate:beta-D-galactoside alpha-2,3-N-acetylneuraminyl-transferase. This enzyme participates in 7 metabolic pathways: o-glycan biosynthesis, keratan sulfate biosynthesis, glycosphingolipid biosynthesis - lactoseries, glycosphingolipid biosynthesis - globoseries, glycosphingolipid biosynthesis - ganglioseries, glycan structures - biosynthesis 1, and glycan structures - biosynthesis 2.

Structural studies

As of late 2007, 9 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 2EX0, 2EX1, 2IHJ, 2IHK, 2IHZ, 2II6, 2IIB, 2IIQ, and 2ILV.

References

Rearick JI, Sadler JE, Paulson JC, Hill RL (1979). "Enzymatic characterization of beta D-galactoside alpha2 leads to 3 sialyltransferase from porcine submaxillary gland". J. Biol. Chem. 254 (11): 4444–51. PMID 438198.
Sadler JE, Rearick JI, Paulson JC, Hill RL (1979). "Purification to homogeneity of a beta-galactoside alpha2 leads to 3 sialyltransferase and partial purification of an alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha2 leads to 6 sialyltransferase from porcine submaxillary glands". J. Biol. Chem. 254 (11): 4434–42. PMID 438196.

Transferases: glycosyltransferases (EC 2.4)

2.4.1: Hexosyl-
transferases

Glucosyl-	Phosphorylase Starch Glycogen Myo- Glycogen synthase Debranching enzyme Branching enzyme 1,3-Beta-glucan synthase Ceramide glucosyltransferase

Galactosyl-	Lactose synthase B-N-acetylglucosaminyl-glycopeptide b-1,4-galactosyltransferase Glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase (C1GALT1)

Glucuronosyl-	B3GAT1 B3GAT2 B3GAT3 UGT1A1 UGT1A3 UGT1A4 UGT1A5 UGT1A6 UGT1A7 UGT1A8 UGT1A9 UGT1A10 UGT2A1 UGT2A2 UGT2A3 UGT2B4 UGT2B7 UGT2B10 UGT2B11 UGT2B15 UGT2B17 UGT2B28 Hyaluronan synthase: HAS1 HAS2 HAS3

Fucosyl-	POFUT1 POFUT2 FUT1 FUT2 FUT3 FUT4 FUT5 FUT6 FUT7 FUT8 FUT9 FUT10 FUT11

Mannosyl-	Dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase POMT1 POMT2 DPM1 DPM3 ALG1 ALG2 ALG3 ALG6 ALG8 ALG9 ALG12

2.4.2: Pentosyl-
transferases

Ribose

ADP-ribosyltransferase	NAD⁺:diphthamide ADP-ribosyltransferase Diphtheria toxin NAD(P)⁺:arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase Pertussis toxin Cholera toxin Poly ADP ribose polymerase Sirtuin

Phosphoribosyltransferase	Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase Uracil phosphoribosyltransferase Amidophosphoribosyltransferase

Other	Purine nucleoside phosphorylase: Thymidine phosphorylase ECGF1

Other

2.4.99: Sialyl
transferases

Enzymes

Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Catalytically perfect enzyme Coenzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis Enzyme kinetics Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics

Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor

Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes

Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases (list) EC2 Transferases (list) EC3 Hydrolases (list) EC4 Lyases (list) EC5 Isomerases (list) EC6 Ligases (list)

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