Bidston Hill

Bidston Hill

Bidston Lighthouse
Type Common
Location Bidston, Merseyside
Coordinates 53°23′49″N 3°04′30″W / 53.397°N 3.075°W / 53.397; -3.075Coordinates: 53°23′49″N 3°04′30″W / 53.397°N 3.075°W / 53.397; -3.075
Area 100 acres (0.40 km2)
Operated by Metropolitan Borough of Wirral
Open All year
Status Open
Bidstone Hill Lighthouse
Bidstone Hill Lighthouse
Coordinates 53°24′04″N 3°04′27″W / 53.401114°N 3.074285°W / 53.401114; -3.074285
Year first constructed 1771 (first)
1873 (second)
Deactivated 1913 (second)
Construction sandstone tower
Tower shape cylindrical tower with balcony and lantern attached to 1-storey keeper’s house
Markings / pattern unpainted tower
Height 21 metres (69 ft)
Characteristic decorative light
ARLHS number ENG-009
Managing agent Bidston Lighthouse[1]

Bidston Hill is 100 acres (0.40 km2) of heathland and woodland that contains historic buildings and ancient rock carvings. It is located on the Wirral Peninsula, near the Birkenhead suburb of Bidston, in Merseyside, England. With a peak of 231 feet (70 m), Bidston Hill is one of the highest points on the Wirral.[2][3] The land was part of Lord Vyner's estate[4] and purchased by Birkenhead Corporation in 1894 for use by the public.[5]

Buildings

Bidston Windmill

Bidston Windmill replaced a wooden mill that was destroyed by fire in 1791,[6][7][8] and was used to grind wheat until about 1875. However it is believed that there has been a windmill on this site since 1596.[6][7] After falling into disuse it was bought and restored from 1894. It is open on the first Saturday of each month from April to September, between 10:00 a.m. and 12:00 noon.[9]

Bidston Observatory

Bidston Observatory was built in 1866 using local sandstone excavated from the site. One of its functions was to determine the exact time. Up to 18 July 1969, at exactly 1:00 p.m. each day, the 'One O'Clock Gun' overlooking the River Mersey near Morpeth Dock, Birkenhead, would be fired electrically from the Observatory.[10] In 1929 the work of the observatory was merged with the University of Liverpool Tidal Institute, being taken over in 1969 by the Natural Environment Research Council. The Research Council relocated the Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory to the University of Liverpool campus in 2004.[11]

Bidston Lighthouse

There has been a lighthouse on Bidston Hill since 1771. Being more than two miles from the sea, it depended on a breakthrough in lighthouse optics, which came in the form of the parabolic reflector, developed at the signals station on Bidston Hill by Liverpool's dockmaster William Hutchinson. The reflector at Bidston Lighthouse was thirteen-and-a-half feet in diameter, and the lamp consumed a gallon of oil every four hours.[12] The present lighthouse was built in 1873 and was operational until sunrise on 9 October 1913. Bidston and Leasowe Lighthouse together formed a pair of leading lights enabling ships to avoid the sandbanks in the channel to Liverpool.[13] It is now privately owned, and occasionally open to the public.[14]

Rock carvings

Norse horse's head, Bidston Hill, Wirral

There is a 4 1⁄2-foot-long (1.4 m) carving of a Sun Goddess, carved into the flat rock north-east of the Observatory, supposedly facing in the direction of the rising sun on Midsummer's Day. and thought to have been carved by the Norse-Irish around 1000 AD. An ancient carving of a horse is located on bare rock to the north of the Observatory.[15]

Bidston Court

Robert William Hudson built a house called 'Bidston Court' on Vyner Road South near Bidston Hill in 1891. Germany's Crown Prince Wilhelm was so impressed with the house that in 1913 he built a similar house, the Cecilienhof in Potsdam. The house was sold in 1921 to Sir Ernest Royden and in 1928 was moved to its present site in Frankby, brick by brick, finally being completed in 1931. It was renamed 'Hill Bark'. The original site of the house was given to Birkenhead Corporation.[16]

Bidston Tunnels

During World War II, an air raid shelter was constructed at Bidston Hill. Today the tunnels are concealed for public safety.[17]

Gallery

See also

References

  1. ↑ Bidstone Hill The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved April 29, 2016
  2. ↑ "Natural Areas and Greenspaces: Bidston Hill". Metropolitan Borough of Wirral. Retrieved 13 June 2010.
  3. ↑ Kemble, Mike (15 July 2016). "The Wirral Hundred or The Wirral Peninsula". wirralhistory.net. Retrieved 2 November 2016.
  4. ↑ Kemble, Mike (10 November 2015). "Bidston Village, Hall, Hill & Mill". wirralhistory.net. Retrieved 2 November 2016.
  5. ↑ Brocklebank, Ralph T. (2003). Birkenhead: An Illustrated History. Breedon Books. p. 91. ISBN 1-85983-350-0.
  6. 1 2 Kemble, Mike. "Bidston: The Mill". wirralhistory.net. Retrieved 2 November 2016.
  7. 1 2 "Windmills". Allerton Oak. 11 December 2014. Retrieved 2 November 2016.
  8. ↑ Bidston, C.E., "Old Ordnance Survey Map: Cheshire 13.02 (1909)", Alan Godfrey Maps
  9. ↑ "Bidston Windmill". Friends of Bidston Hill Heritage Trail. Retrieved 13 March 2014.
  10. ↑ "The Time Ball and the One O'clock Gun". Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 12 August 2007.
  11. ↑ "Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory Annual Report, 2004-05 (page 26)" (PDF). Natural Environment Research Council. 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 January 2012. Retrieved 11 February 2012.
  12. ↑ Robinson, John; Robinson, Diane (2007). Lighthouses of Liverpool Bay. The History Press. ISBN 978-0752442099.
  13. ↑ "Bidston Lighthouse". Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 12 August 2007.
  14. ↑ "Bidston Lighthouse". Retrieved 5 May 2014.
  15. ↑ "Bidston Hill". Metropolitan Borough of Wirral. Archived from the original on 28 June 2008. Retrieved 16 July 2010.
  16. ↑ "Bidston Court". Geograph. Retrieved 11 March 2007.
  17. ↑ "Bidston Hill Underground Tunnels". wirralhistory.co.uk. Archived from the original on 24 October 2008. Retrieved 9 September 2008.

External links

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